Amagquma lasendulo: ikhadi nomlando

Inhloko-dolobha ye-Italy - Rome ingenye Imizi eminingi yasendulo emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni, kwathiwa isendaweni ibhange empumalanga ye Tiber. Yayibizwa ngomuntu "waphakade" noma "emzini nasemagqumeni eziyisikhombisa." Rome empeleni eyakhelwe phezu kwamaqaqa, okuyinto ahlukaniswa kuqhathaniswa ojulile, kodwa yayincane wezigodi. Manje-dolobha lasendulo ukhule futhi anazo insimu nhlangothi zombili emfuleni. Manje isivele amagquma nambili, kodwa kukhona ibalazwe eRoma lasendulo, okuyinto kwasho endaweni yokuqala isiphetho, ezihilela amagquma eziyisikhombisa kuphela.

Uhlolojikelele

Kodwa njengoba umlando we Lomuzi Waphakade, waqala ukwakha ku ibhange kwesokunxele we River Tiber. Amagquma lasendulo lapho esezinzile kancane kancane. Okokuqala, lapho kwakukhona khona isiphetho, kuye kwaba maphakathi eyodwa - LasePalatine ke Eskvilin ke Capitol kanye Quirinal, ngemva kwesikhashana Viminal, Caelian futhi Aventine. Phela, nabo basuke elahlanganiswa imikhawulo edolobheni, amaRoma aqala kanye ngonyaka ngo-December 11 ukugubha semiholmiya Day.

Indawo lapho komnikazi yasendulo, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo yasungulwa. Ukuphakama amagquma ezomhlaba azungeze 40-50 m ngaphezu ezingeni emfuleni.

LasePalatine

Kwaba naye futhi waqala umlando we Lomuzi Waphakade. Ngokusho yetinsita esinqeni egqumeni ku amanzi Tiber ngomkhumbi kubhasikidi nezinsana - kukaRomulus futhi Remus, kamuva elaba abasunguli laseRoma lasendulo. Lapha ogwini lapho Lalingumhume, lapho ayehlala khona impisi ngubani babezincelisela nabafowabo. Lokhu amagquma ubizwa ngamagama kuhlonishwa unkulunkulukazi u-akulutho - the ongumvikeli abelusi.

Selokhu edolobheni yasungulwa, kule ngxenye eRoma sidilizwa bekulokhu maphakathi amandla, lapho patricians, ababusi namakhosi ahlala. Aristocrats lapha yakhiwe ezindlini zabo zamakhosi omangalisayo - Domus. Fragments ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Eskvilin

Igama layo ihumusha ngokuthi "Emaphethelweni". Sekuvele kushiwo ngenhla ukuthi emagqumeni aseRoma kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa ematfuba. Ngemva lasePalatine baba le ntaba. Ngesikhathi, wayeselahlekelwe ngokoqobo yaphenduka indawo yokulahla emzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha bathwalwa isigwebo futhi wahlela emathuneni lapho wangcwatshwa abampofu nezigqila. amathuna abo ayengamakhulu imigodi ngempela ngokujulile lapho izidumbu futhi elahliwe.

Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Awugustu, emathuneni yagcwala, futhi izingadi amahle ka Maecenas wakhula endaweni yayo. Futhi phezu Esquiline eyakhelwe kwaso sonke isimiso amapayipi amanzi.

Capitol

Zonke amagquma lasendulo kwadingeka injongo yawo. Lokhu amagquma ukuthi ngokuphelele uyakhile amasonto. Kulapha omunye wabo lunikezelwe unkulunkulukazi Juno Moneta lapho bebephila goose edume eziye kuvinjelwe ukukhalela kwakhe okukhulu zamaRoma isitha sisondela. Iphinde kwaba ifakwe futhi egcekeni lokuqala, lapho livele imali. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu "zemali" e kuhlonishwa unkulunkulukazi u-zendawo.

Emhlabeni Capitol phakathi nokubusa Servius Tullius Yakhiwa udonga lapho Hill waba inqaba ungenakunqotshwa. Ngo isikhungo salo ithempeli elalinikezelwe kuKhesari Jupiter. Ngaphansi kwalo kwakungamadodana inkwali, okwabangela kokubhujiswa kwalo okuphelele. Ngo Ephakathi, insimu sentaba isakhiwo omkhulukazi kuphela kwaba isonto of St Mary. Ukuze umnyango wakhe ezitebhisini, lapho kwakukhona 122 izinyathelo. Yakhiwa ukuze sikhazimulise ukukhululwa zaleli dolobha zisukela isifo.

Quirinal

Cishe wonke amagquma waseRoma yasendulo legend lalo. Quirinale kakhulu, kwaba okufanayo. Wayelethwa ogama lakhe behlonipha unkulunkulu Quirinus impi, bakhuleka Sabines lasendulo. Ngokusho yetinsita ekuqaleni amadoda kuphela owayehlala eRoma. Uma kukaRomulus ababemenyelwe edilini we Sabines. Ngesikhathi kugujwa zamaRoma weba izivakashi zonke amantombazane bawathatha. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwagqashuka impi, okuyinto abathumbi waqala ukudlala.

Ngokusho yetinsita le zinqobe ime abesifazane ngokwabo, njengoba iye zijwayele imikhaya lakhe lesiRoma kakade. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqembu alwayo wangena isivumelwano sokuthula. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iphuzu wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela isimo lapho Sabinsky umbusi Thithu Tatius waba umbusi waseRoma belingana kukaRomulus.

Viminal

Igama egqumeni kusho "willow amagquma" ngoba amagquma ayo kuthiwa ngokuphelele imbozwe lezi izihlahla. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa eyayihlala Sabines. Ukwakheka Okuphakade City Quirinal futhi Viminal kuhlanganisa kokubili Roma emva ukuthwala amantombazane. Phakathi nenkathi zoMbuso, endaweni wahlabeka ikakhulukazi bakhiwe nabo izakhiwo zokuhlala ehlala abantu kusukela ekilasini aphansi.

Kukhona zokugeza ezidumile wasendulo wamaRoma - Baths of uDiocletian, ihlanganisa indawo engaba ngu-13 amahektha. Abakwazi kanyekanye abantu 3200. Ensimini ka imigomo futhi sakhula izingadi ezinhle, ukushaya emithonjeni ngokuyisimangaliso, kanye umtapo sasikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Viminal Hill yayiyindawo ababehlala abaQaphi Bombusi, enze imisebenzi yabalindi siqu umbusi waseRoma.

Celio

Njengoba yaziwa, wayephelele ekuqaleni Ancient Rome, kafushane emagqumeni okwakubekelwa echazwe esihlokweni kwakwenzeka Ukuboshelwa kakhulu - kule ndawo lakhiwa ingenye yezindawo zokugcina. Celio Lethiwa Etruscan Celes Vibenny. Yena ayebhekwa njengengxenye ukhokho plebeians Roman, ngakho izwe wendawo owakhiwe kuphela inzalo yakhe. Kuphela mina ekhulwini ngifinyelela lapha ukwazi. Yindawo yokukhulekela entabeni kwakukhona ithempeli elalinikezelwe kuKhesari uKlawudiyu sikaNkulunkulu, kodwa, ngeshwa, kule isakhiwo grand kuphela kwezingcezu ezimbalwa.

Aventine

Ogama lakhe behlonipha inkosi Aventina Silviya, owayebusa ngemva kukaRomulus. Kwelinye eminyuziyamu lasendulo ibalazwe eRoma agcinwe, okuyinto ebonisa ukuthi le ntaba, ngokungafani abanye, wayengakafiki ixazululwe. Kodwa ezinsukwini weRiphabhliki, yena waba kakhulu bakhiwe nabo izakhiwo ezahlukene. Empeleni kwakukhona izigqila plebeians. Kodwa ngenkathi wonke uMbuso waqala ukuhlala endaweni kanye aristocrats ocebile.

UMbusi uAurelian, owabusa ngekhulu III, uye wakwazi iminyaka 4 nje akhe udonga owawuhlanganisa wonke amagquma eziyisikhombisa laseRoma lasendulo. ubude balo 19 km, ukuphakama - 8 m, kanye ukushuba -. 3.4 m Ngesikhathi odongeni kwakukhona 383 imibhoshongo namasango 18. Lapho iRoma ngilinqobile Goths, ke yabhidlika kabana futhi kancane adiliza. Nokho, udonga Renaissance wabuyiselwa futhi, mangisho ukuthi kahle walondoloza kuze kube namuhla.