1941: Kuvikela eMoscow, esigabeni sokuqala

Eyokuqala ukunqoba okukhulu empini yokulwa abahlaseli German eMpini Yezwe II ubhekwa ekumeleleni eMoscow (1941). Isenzo Imephu amabutho aseJalimane kanye KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - eMfuleni iVolga (enyakatho), khona-ke kujantshi Rzhev (entshonalanga) futhi esiteshini "Gorbachev" (eningizimu). Defense of kwesihloko, iRed Army waphula iningi "Isikhungo" iqembu wamabutho (ngonyaka 1941st), bese umkhankaso counteroffensive (ngonyaka 1942nd).

uhlelo kaHitler

Ngesisekelo "Barbarossa" uhlelo ukuthatha eMoscow futhi ukunqotshwa sivikele amabutho ayo Soviet. iPlani lakhe kwakufanele athathe indawo kungakapheli masonto amangaki. Ukuqalisa ke, izinduna-German oyinhloko "Operation iSiphepho" yasungulwa, elaqala ngo-September 30, 1941 ngemva aviabombordirovok eside, kwesimo endaweni ohambweni futhi amalungiselelo armored, ezinezinjini futhi elihamba wamabutho.

Isibalo izinhlangothi

Inani onke esitha;

• abangaphezu kwesigidi amasosha nezikhulu;
• mayelana 1600 amathangi;
• mayelana 14 izinkulungwane wezikhali izicucu futhi izigqulo;
• 950 bomlilo bombordirovschikov.

On the ingxenye iRed Army:

• IRed Army amasosha angu-1.2 million, nezinduna;
• mayelana 1.400 amathangi;
• 9600 izingcezu wezikhali;
• 700 izindiza.

Kwakungenxa ingxenye yesithathu ukulwa bezikhali iRed Army. Ahamba kahle amalungiselelo kuqala ngoba impi babelwa Jikelele Headquarters we uMkhuzi yona ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1941. Defense of eMoscow wawuqala Septhemba 30 kuya kuDisemba 4th, okuyinto esigabeni sokuqala Empini eMoscow.

Amabutho ezempi namaqembu nokuqothulwa

Ngo-July 1941 uqede Muscovites for ukwakhiwa emgqeni ukuzivikela bebheke Borodino. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala kumiswa abezempi amayunithi. Sekukonke, kwakunoFakazi abacishe babe ngu ukwahlukana amabili nanhlanu, ezazihlanganisa amavolontiya bobudala obungefani. Lezi amayunithi abangu kakhulu kabi igcwele. Kwathi ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha kwadingeka ngezibhamu kungekho abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.

Ngenxa yokuthi inhlokodolobha ukuthi leaked inqwaba saboteurs futhi kwase kubuthwa iphesenti labantu, kumiswa mabutho abhubhisayo. Isitha, ngubani ngazo zonke izindlela osebenzelana umonakalo, ukukhanyisa ebusuku Okuqondiwe lwamasu isitha bombordirovschikov futhi amabhomu izinhlamvu emadepho.

okuhlaselayo

Ekuqaleni i abaphikisi ayewusebenzisa amaqembu amathathu tank (I, II no III), ukuqhekeza main ukwakha iRed Army bagxila eduze Bryansk futhi Viaz'ma ukuthatha asele amabutho aseSoviet e imvelo, bese ufaka eningizimu eMoscow.

Ukuze uthole umbono ephelele ekutholeni imigqa ukuzivikela futhi inani lamasosha bona ngokuphindaphindiwe kwesimo endaweni nokuhlasela ehlobo lika-1941 i-Defense of eMoscow yayiqhutshelwa waqala ukubonakalisa bombordirovok unomphela.

Orlovsko- operation Brianskaia

Uma sicabangela amacala okusheshayo, ibutho laseSoviet kwaba kabi igcwele futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, uye wagxila oluqinisayo yayo endaweni kude lapho isitha ukuthi kuzokwenzeka. Ngakho, amabutho aseJalimane langena Eagle bathinteka. Njengoba kamuva Ngakhumbula omunye ojenene isiJalimane, amabutho angena kulowo muzi, namanje trams emizileni. Amabhizinisi kanye nezimboni akazange abe nesikhathi sokuthi abantu baphume, nempahla yabo esikhathini iziqukathi kwaba ngqo endleleni.

Iningi abavikeli yawela iringi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngo-October 3 th kukholomu amathangi German wenza isendleleni eya edolobheni Mtsensk. Kodwa sibonga 4th Armored Division uColonel Katukova ikholomu wafakwa aphume isinyathelo. Ukulwa eduze Mtsensk ebambekile izinhlelo German iveke yoke. Nokho, ngo-October 2 Bryansk sathathwa amaJalimane, ukuze Jikelele Yeremenko (induna Bryansk Front) kwadingeka ukuba ashona. jikelele yena ulimalile zayiswa eMoscow.

Vyazemskij phambi

lwaphuka Front amabutho aseJalimane kwaqala okuhlukumezayo isiqondiso Vyazma. Kirov noMsindisi Demensk athathwa ngo-October 4, 1941 Defense of eMoscow zonke slabla suku. Ngakho, amabutho we Reserve kanye Izimpi Western sebephila. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, amasosha acishe abe ngu-700 eSoviet nezikhulu bathunjwa.

The Battle of Mozhaysk

Ukuze ubambe abaphikisi e Mozhaisk wathunyelwa uMajor General uthi. Badale ukuze udale sivikele. Ngaphezu ikontraga regiments futhi Battalion e inhloso yakhe bese adubule nokuqeqesha kwabo amasosha wezikhali School.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu isitha eyayihamba phezu. Ngemva ngokugcina ukuzivikela mayelana izinsuku eziyishumi, amasosha ethu baphoqeleka ukuba ashona. 13 Okthoba ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa lesitha wawa Kaluga ngo-October 12 - Borovsk, yena Mozhaisk efanayo - ngo-October, 18, 1941. Kuvikela eMoscow phathelana Kuboshwe amakhilomitha angamakhulu kusukela enhlokodolobha uqobo.

I ukwesaba okukhulu edolobheni

alamu wave ishanelwe izakhamuzi. uvalo mass okunjalo ukunyakaza angazanga nomlando wayo inhloko-dolobha Motherland yethu - eMoscow. 1941, ngo-October 15 - usuku isinqumo we kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Jikelele Abasebenzi, kanye nobuholi commissariats, izikhungo zempi nakwezinye izikhungo bayiswa nemizi eseduze (Saratov, Kuibyshev, nabanye).

Izimboni kanye nezinye izikhungo ebaluleke amasu abangu misela. 20 Okthoba edolobheni kwathiwa isimo lokuvimbezela.

Parade ku Red Square

Parade ngoNovemba 7 ngesikhathi Red Square of emzini ovinjezelwe - kuba, akungabazeki, omunye umcimbi ezimibalabala, ngawo akuyona abacebile ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Defense eMoscow, kanjalo ukuthola umoya fresh air zizivikele baye isisishisekela ngaphezulu.

Kungokufanayo ayikwazi ishiwo amaJalimane. Izimo zezulu egqoka ngokuphelele phansi, okubangela amabanga travel kuqhubeke isikhathi eside kunalokho okwakucatshangwa Kusolwa ngaphansi kohlelo. Yonke enye into, ukungawi amabutho aseSoviet ezungezwe unyawo. Futhi amaJalimane kwadingeka enze isinqumo esibonisa ikhefu amasonto amabili injongo kabusha izingxenye zalo.

Inguquko kuya okuhlaselayo

ukumangala enkulu amaJalimane baye okhethwe ukuhlasela amasosha aseSoviet. Disemba 6 1941 emva ezimbalwa iRed Army amabhomu, edlala ku-ukumangala, uthole isitha kuhle shabby singalindele. Ngakho ukuzivikela eMoscow kuhanjiswe ku isigaba saso yesibili (oyinhlekelele amaJalimane) - esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo.

nomvuzo

Medal wezokuVikela eMoscow - omunye idumisa ngoba ukuya empini ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II. It waklonyeliswa kubo bonke abahlanganyeli, wagcina ukuzivikela ngaphezulu yawo ngenyanga. Bobabili abaphathi bamahhovisi kanye amasosha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Medal wezokuVikela eMoscow wathola nezakhamuzi, ngandlela-thile wasiza angenze isitha.