Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala - ukuvela kwamazwe anamuhla

Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala (noma "zikhathi ezimnyama") Leso kwaba yisikhathi soshintsho e umlando European. Igama elithi lethiwa ngenxa yokuthi le nkathi kwaba Lesisemkhatsini phakathi zasendulo Yempucuko.

Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala yathoma khona ngemva kokuwa eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga. Zakwa-Goths futhi Huns Labhubhisa umuzi wasendulo futhi efakwe uhulumeni omusha. Ekuqaleni, uhlelo lalifana umphakathi zobuqaba tribal, eholwa isigungu samadoda amadala. Kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu izinso wadlulela nabaholi abathile ziphumelela kangcono nabalingani bawo base-noma amandla noma ngobuqili.

Europe Ephakathi baba sombuso emazweni esimanjemanje kakhulu. Bona kwamiswa isimiso indawo futhi wayefana lasendulo lizisho. Ukukhethwa kwaba isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. Umholi endaweni umugqa esithize kuze kufinyelele ku- enqabeni, okuyinto etholakala eduze endaweni emaphakathi emzaneni. UMbusi ukunikeza isivikelo nokuphepha labahlali.

Akubona bonke ayenamandla okukwenza ukuphila edolobheni, ngakho kungenzeka ukwakha emizaneni okuningi. Izakhamuzi futhi baye bafuna ukuphepha kukhokhelwe le ntela esivuna akhe Lord.

Ukuvela okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo izinduna buboniswa ngokuba ekuqaleni kweminyaka yobudala emaphakathi. Bese iqala umlando onegazi ukunqoba. Ezinye Lords wayevelele njengesazi isikhali kanye Umumo wezimpi. Lokhu kwavumela ukuba balawule nabaphikisi buthaka. I enenhlanhla baba amakhosi, kanti bonke abanye - akhonze.

Ukwakheka uthi akakwazanga ukukwenza ngaphandle umqondo ezinamandla, okuyinto kwaba ukuhlanganisa izizwe disparate. Emakhulwini eminyaka th 12-13, ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha uqale ngenkuthalo isandla ekuqiniseni isikhundla of the Christian Church. Ngaphansi kuka eyikhulu YobuKatolika yinkolo kuphela ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu. sakhe futhi isekhona kuze kube yilolu suku iVatican. Kodwa uma manje uPapa - ungumuntu yomphakathi, ememezela ngokuthula nangokuzwana, ukuthi iminyaka engu-600 edlule ke abashumayeli izwi ongcwele baqala khona ukukhuthaza umbono we Zokholo (okwakukhona 3) Lethuna Elingcwele.

Kuthathwa impumelelo yimpumelelo kakhulu inkosi IsiZulu uRichard the Lionheart, ngubani benqoba iJerusalema. Kodwa ubugovu we Crusaders kwaholela yokuthi ukubaluleka kweqiniso angasulwa ikhodi yabo udumo. Lokhu ethintekile hhayi kuphela maqondana izikweletu, kodwa futhi ku isimo sengqondo sezisebenzi. Lokho kubanika, bavunyelwe umholi omkhulu-Arabhu (Saladin) kuya nines ukuze anqobe French nesiNgisi Knights bezinhlamvu. Kwawona abawinile idolobha ngamanzi ahlanzekile kanye oluneziqhingi rose amacembe.

Isilinganiso sobudala lalibalulekile uzuza nje kuphela kodwa futhi ipumelelo isayensi. Ibandla kwaba ungakuvumeli ukuba imfundo jikelele sabantu, kodwa nokho ayelapho ososayensi abakhuthalele ukusebenza ekuthuthukisweni imibono yabo. Phakathi kwabo, uGalileo Galilei, owathi umhlaba uyisiyingi, ngenxa yalokho okushile iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki oNgcwele, futhi-ke, lo odumile uLeonardo da Vinci, ogama ezisunguliwe ehambisana ngisho nanamuhla.

Umlando KweNkathi Ephakathi Kuyathakazelisa futhi bangafunda okuningi. Chivalry kungaba wusizo intsha nge lwemibono yayo okonakele udumo, isithunzi, uthando nobungane. Amaphutha ababusi kubhekwe ku imodeli yesimanje isimo, kusize ukuze alungise leso simo kwezomnotho kube ngcono, nokungabi nabugovu ke ososayensi kufanele ufunde namuhla Aesculapius.