Ngubani UGrigory Perelman? UMklomelo KaNobel: kungani wawala ke?

Ososayensi bafuna umvuzo ngendondo Fields, indondo esiphezulu International Mathematics Union. Njengoba uMklomelo KaNobel ukuze kubahlanganyeli Union asilethi lolu dumo, kubhekwe aphakeme.

ukuvulwa brilliant

Ngo-2002, i-website ye-Los Alamos Laboratory Sciences ahlanganiswe isixazululo yenkinga, olwenziwa Gregory. Lapho enqaba umklomelo, i congress ngamazwe wezibalo kuze kube muva nje angizange ufuna ukwamukela isinqumo sakhe futhi azama ukukholisa nososayensi. Lithi idatha mayelana zokungazimiseli ukuthola umklomelo ovela Perelman engafiki, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokukhishwa kwethenda ka-idatha esemthethweni ngesikhathi wayengakabi.

Abaphakanyiselwe isethulo umklomelo

Lapho ababethole ekugcineni umemezele, phakathi kwawo kwakukhona sezibalo UGrigory Perelman, mina no-Andrew Samuweli Okunowo, ngaleso sikhathi wasebenza e-United States. 'Idla yodwa ayitholakali phakathi ososayensi abeza Congress. Ngisho uthole impendulo evela kuye phezu incwadi limbikela sabelo imiklomelo. Izivakashi omhlangano babexakekile njengoba abagqugquzeli. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, ezazenza zaba manqikanqika uthole usosayensi imali wathi ngisho izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi komhlangano uqobo.

Wayengumuntu onjani

Njengoba akakuthandanga ukunakwa omphakathi jikelele ukuqokwa, futhi kwaba ngemva abakhipha udumisa. Lapho umcimbi ongaziwa bathatha indawo, is ngaye eyaziwa kwakungenele. Ingabe ngonyaka lokuzalwa kwakhe kwaba 1966 futhi indawo - Leningrad. Abazali abasebenzi.

Ngesikhathi unyaka nesithupha zokuphila kwakhe wathola indondo yegolide esikoleni futhi ngathola iziqu esikoleni. Kakade lapho, waqala ukufundelwa ngo ukujula ibhizinisi zokuphila kwakhe. 1982 wakhumbula iqhaza International Mathematical Olympic, owawusedolobheni phakathi izikole Soviet. Lo mcimbi livulekele abafana Budapest. Khona-ke, ngaphandle luhlolo, wayengumuntu eLeningrad State University, Faculty of Mathematics kanye Mechanics.

umsebenzi

Petersburg, wavikela mqondo yakhe, iziqu State University. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala kwaba Institute of Mathematics. Steklov. Ukuphela Eighties bamlethela ushintsho yokuhlala e-United States. emanyuvesi aseMelika sebelithathile kuyo ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo njengoba uthisha. Waphinde wabuyela ekhaya futhi futhi wayesebenza esikhumulweni Steklov Institute. Yonke imicabango yakhe ihlala inabantu Poincaré conjecture.

Kwakukhona nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho imiklomelo ukuthi uGregory indiva. izwe Mathematical wafuna amnike ukuqashelwa futhi sihloniphe imali. Kodwa kwaba kuye ngokungadingekile. 1996 kwaphawulwa ukwenqaba European Congress of Mathematics Prize. Emcimbini ezenzeka ngemva kokuboshwa kwefindo, akazange abonakale.

Walinda kwaze kwaba yilapho owokugcina

I Congress lwenziwe eSpain. A sebuningini zezibalo brilliant Usufikile enhlokodolobha. Kube obekumele ukufika, futhi Perelman. UMklomelo KaNobel walalela elinde ngenhlonipho, nodumo umklomelo imali elilodwa dollar ayisigidi. Nokho, babengaliqondi ezimiselwe ukuwela ezandleni usosayensi.

Amalungu inkomfa wezwa nokubukisa sezibalo Russian futhi wasola ukuthi okufana ngazo ukuba senqabe uMklomelo KaNobel Perelman, akuyona ngendlela efana kakhulu naleyo eqanjiwe.

Gregory alishicilelwanga ubufakazi theorem, okuyinto benesithakazelo kangaka emhlabeni yesayensi. Ezikhethekile izincwadi kulindeleke kusukela kuye izinto, kodwa akatholanga. Kunzima overestimate ngegalelo lakhe isayensi labo uyakuqonda lokho Perelman waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel. Ngemuva kokutholakala brilliant kwalandelwa ukuxoshwa ukuthi bamangale Mathematical Institute. Steklov.

Okwenzeke kuye ku

Ukuze kude baphuthuma Perelman. UMklomelo KaNobel futhi imali ukuthi ezihambisana nalo, akukaze kube isiphetho ngokwakho for usosayensi. Akezanga baye eSpain umvuzo Fields indondo yakho, okuholela abaningi ukuba bazibuze ukuthi izizathu lesi senzo eziyinqaba.

Kungani Perelman wenqaba uMklomelo KaNobel? Phela, nozakwethu kwezesayensi, zonke izibalo yesayensi isikhathi babekulungele ihlombe kuye emi. Phambi kwakhe, ososayensi abaningi baye yayingidida isinqumo of the Poincaré theorem, okuyinto ekugcineni aveza okuthile ukukhanya. kusiza Ukuvula ukusebenza kungekho wezibalo. Emuva ngo-1904 izwe safike bajwayelane Poincaré conjecture okuyinto okwamholela reverie iminyaka eyikhulu. Kunobufakazi obuningi ongakhetha, kodwa ayikho bakwazi ukubona kweqiniso, kuyilapho usosayensi uthole iqiniso nokukhanya ubufakazi obukhona kuyincazelo ekholeka.

Ngingahlukani abantu bacabanga Perelman. UMklomelo KaNobel wawalahla, ngakho udinga okungenani basiqonde isizathu. sikamagazini i-American i-New Yorker, ngokusebenzisa intatheli yalo kuphazamisekile ukubaleka Gregory. indlu yakhe ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola esemaphethelweni eSt Petersburg, owawungumnyaka nezisebenzi. Kusukela izibalo bafunda ukuthi UGrigory Perelman wenqaba uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa yezakhi siqu isimiso.

Sezibalo isikhathi eside kwaba imfihlakalo wangempela abezindaba. Yini ebingaba ebaluleke kangaka futhi onohlonze ukuze axoshe nesifiso ayisigidi bese uya Madrid?

Izikhalo Zomhlaba ngokuthi izenzo zakhe Perelman. UMklomelo KaNobel emehlweni akhe futhi ungcolisa imikhuba ye ezweni lanamuhla zezibalo njengoba izintatheli American wafunda. Isayensi kumele ubambe ukwethembeka. Ngenxa isinxephezelo yemali, abaningi alungele ukuya ukukopela futhi babe bakhohlisi. Khona-ke abantu ozoyenza ukucabanga akuwona umphumela, futhi imali, futhi wacabanga amakhono abo bayothumelelana ukuba kusiza, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi kuvulwa.

Ungcono ompofu, kodwa ezimisweni

Ngawo lowo mzuzwana abangasebenzi kwaba Perelman UGrigory. UMklomelo KaNobel kwakuyodingeka ngokuqinisekile zamsiza ukuba ngokwezimali, bathuthukise izimpilo zabo, kodwa wanquma ukuthi izinto zakuqala ukonga - ngokwanele ukuba abuse khona. Umama wakhe wayenezingane ukwabelana naye impesheni. Yena luqobo wayeke wafundisa wezibalo esikoleni. Ngisho noma ngaba nesifiso, ngokuvumelana uGregory, wayengeke akwazi ukuya eSpain ngenxa yokushoda kwezimali endleleni.

Ukusungulwa ohlonishwa kakhulu umklomelo zezibalo senzeka ngo-1936. Perelman waba ngowokuqala ukwenqaba honours kuso leso sikhatsi. Ingabe ukuthi Prize kaNobel ngesikhathi esifanele wenqaba ngenxa yezizathu zezombangazwe Pasternak. Fields indondo ingatholakala abacwaningi abaneminyaka engu engaphansi kuka-40. Lokho, esikhathini esizayo, uGregory, le ndondo akuyona shining. Wayemkhumbula ithuba lakhe kuphela. Ligalelo isayensi kungenziwa ngokuthi elingenakuqhathaniswa. Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa wezibalo wenze isinyathelo esibalulekile phambili. Ucwaningo lwamuva nje Abaningi abazange ukuhambisa phansi ngenxa izimfihlo Poincaré theorem. Umcabango izisekelo ngokomzimba futhi nezibalo yonke uye wanda futhi atholwe okuvula. Perelman kungenziwa ngokuthi omunye komkhulu ososayensi, esikhathini esidlule namanje. Zonke singabona ukuthi kukhona geniuses futhi ngempela strangeness yayo.