Ubani Poincaré theorem kwafakazelani

Anri Puankare - omunye ososayensi edume kunazo French sonke isikhathi. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, wakwazi ukufeza okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza okuningi nokwatholakala in emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, wabuye wafundisa eSorbonne futhi wayeyilungu French Academy of Sciences, futhi kusukela ngo-1906 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1912 eneminyaka engu-umengameli wayo iminyaka eminingi. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla edume kakhulu ngempumelelo yakhe kubhekwa ukuba Poincaré theorem, okuyinto kwafakazelani Grigori Perelman.

ezama ukufakazela

Ososayensi abaningi iminyaka eminingi wahlanganyela ekutadisheni theorem, kodwa abaphumelela kuphela abantu abambalwa. Omunye ngempumelelo enkulu eyenziwe isazi American Thurston. Ingqikithi yomsebenzi wakhe itholakala lokuthi lokuthi wayekwazi ukuba zibukeke sifanekise ukwehluka izingxenye indiza ngakuthathu. Imisebenzi owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi conjecture Thurston geometrization, kodwa kuye, yena yanikezelwa Ezinkundleni wasebusika.

A ososayensi abambalwa yamaShayina yayihlaba nesithakazelo yokuthi theorem Poincaré uyiqiniso. Phakathi kwabo ivelele Shin Tung Yau, ngubani ngisho wake washo la mazwi ukuthi yena kanye nabanye abafundi wakwazi ukukwenza.

umsebenzi Perelman sika

Grigoriy Perelman kwafakazela Poincaré theorem ngemva kweminyaka eminingi umsebenzi kanzima kuyo. Waqala izifundo zakhe, ngenkathi Melika, lapho isikhathi eside ozongitshela at inguqulo eyasetshenziswa emayunivesithi ahlukahlukene. Ngemva komhlangano wokuqala aya kuwo ne isazi American Hamilton, nguye owamsiza ukuba acacise izici ezithile yezinhlamvu theory, wacabanga ngale ndawo ubufakazi theorem. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wanquma ukubuyela lwakhe lwendabuko Petersburg, lapho ngenkuthalo isethwe ukuthi isebenze.

Ngo-2002, Perelman othumele ingxenye yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe bakuthumela ikhophi Shin Yau Tong, kangangokuthi angabangela amnike ukuhlolwa Inhloso. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, izwe yesayensi, yabe seyaziwa ukuthi Poincaré theorem. Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa, Perelman washicilela nama-athikili amabili lapho umsebenzi wakhe yethulwa ngo ifomu emfushane kakhulu.

Ezweni zezemfundo wenza ukuze ngaphambi kokuba wenze isitatimende esemthethweni mayelana kuvulwa, kufanele uqinisekise inombolo ososayensi ezahlukene, bese kuphela umsebenzi kungenziwa ngokusemthethweni ishicilelwe. ubufakazi ukuthi Ngaphambi eshicilelwe, Perelman Poincaré theorem kaningi ngaphansi ukuhlolwa, futhi lo msebenzi kube nzima lokuthi wasebenzisa inombolo ethize ukusikeka futhi kwakungekho nakuchazwa ngenxa yomsebenzi okungathi sína njengalokho. Noma kunjalo, ngemva kwesikhashana, kwathiwa waqaphela ukuthi Perelman kwazi ukuxazulula inkinga, okuyinto alwa phezu izizukulwane eziningi ososayensi.

Fields wasebusika

Lo mklomelo unikezwa kanye njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine, hhayi ningi than ososayensi abane abenze umnikelo obalulekile cwaningo wezibalo. Yena waklonyeliswa Perelman ngo-2006 ubufakazi le Poincaré conjecture kodwa, Isimanga siwukuthi, wadela umklomelo ehlonishwayo futhi wayengekho ngaleso isethulo. Ngokusho usosayensi, ngoba akusiyo honours elibalulekile, kumelwe iye yabajabulisa ukuba yokuthi umbono kubonakaliswa.

Poincaré kwaba imfihlakalo ososayensi abaningi, kodwa kuyinto sezibalo ome njengeqanda Russian ngakwazi ukwenza izinqumo zayo kanye ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo isikhathi eside ayinandaba emhlabeni yesayensi lonke.