Ukwanda eMoscow Prince Ivan Kalita

Ngemva ukwamukelwa wokubhapathizwa Rus wahlala ukuzithoba zenkolo WaseByzantium ukuba inhloko-dolobha yawo - iConstantinople. Lapha kwaba inzalamizi (inhloko yawo ibandla lonke). Wamiswa inhloko yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox eRussia - Metropolitan. Njengomthetho, isikhundla elalihlala namaGreki. Ngo 1308 inzalamizi esikhundleni Metropolitan uPetru wanquma ukubeka wesigodlo, le wesigodlo ka wezindela emazweni aseningizimu naseVolyn. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngubuso kokuthunyelwe Metropolitan okhethwe futhi Tver. Kodwa kukhethwa umbhishobhi wawa kuPetru. Ukuze ngandlela-thile "balance" ukhetho yenzalamizi uPetro uVladimir, hhayi eningizimu.

Nokho Tver uzwakalise ukunganeliseki, nezikhulu zaso ayikwazanga ukuthola kanye wedolobha entsha. Peter bamsekela ngesikhathi izikhulu eMoscow. Uma wazinza uVladimir, iSikhulu Tver, le wedolobha wathutha eMoscow. Lapha uPetru wambizela wamukelekile kakhulu. Abangcwele futhi enethonya, bathandekayo uPetru waqala ukuphakamisa isithunzi edolobheni, ukudala izimfanelo ukuvelela eMoscow esikhathini esizayo.

Metropolitan asekelwe Ivan Daniilovich (Prince eMoscow) waqala kokwakhiwa kwethempeli lokuqala itshe. Assumption Cathedral lakhiwa ngokuvumelana isimo esisha edolobheni. Ngemva kwalokho, ithempeli laliyisikhungo ukuba eRussia ngokuyinhloko. Metropolitan uPetru washiyela bangcwabe ngokwabo e kweNyuka Cathedral. Washona ngo 1326 wangcwatshwa esontweni sidle. Cathedral lanikezelwa ngo 1327. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ibandla baba endaweni yokungcwaba le basemasontweni Russia.

Izizathu ukuvelela eMoscow nemibandela

Ivan Daniilovich e 1327 ithuba ukubhekana Tver. Nakuba lokuqoqa inkokhiso Mongol wenziwa Baskakov - Khan abaqoqi. Iveza ukungeneliseki Tver abantu bevukela baskak ukuchofoza (Cholhan). ngokushesha iSikhulu eMoscow bakubika zidlamlilo. Njengoba umvuzo isevisi yakho, Ivan Danilovich lithole kusukela izinqamuleli Khan ukuba nokubusa okukhulu.

ISikhulu Tveri Aleksandr wayifaka Pskov. Ivan Danilovich wanquma ukuqeda le Tver isikhulu phakade. Ukufika e Ordu, yayinyundela Alexander. Han ngokuthi lo Tver Prince kuye futhi abulawe kuye nendodana yakhe. Ivan Daniilovich njengoba Khan wenza abathelisi esuka kulo lonke izwe-Russian.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi-ke kwaqala ukwanda kakhulu e-Moscow. City futhi Prince ocebile ngokwako. umhlaba okusha waletha imali eside. Ngemva ukubusa Mozhaisk futhi Kolomna ezandleni isikhulu eMoscow Waphendula neningi we UMfula iMoscow - i Umzila wezohwebo ezibalulekile. Ubukhulu wathola imali hhayi kuphela ezinkulu, kodwa futhi amathuba amasha ukuhweba. kokuphakama eMoscow kwenzekani fast ngokwanele. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe Ivana Daniilovicha ke ixazululwe ingxenye inkokhiso ayezenzé eqoqwe for the zidlamlilo. Prince batawuphumelela Kalyta ucingo ( "isikhwama semali", "isikhwama"). Imali Ivan Kalita waqala ukutshala ukuvelela eMoscow.

Prince izimali ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa itshe emikhulu. Ngo 1329 esontweni lamiswao yokudumisa isazi semfundiso yenkolo WaseByzantium, abagcotshwa, Ioanna Lestvichnika. Ngemva kwalokho, esizeni ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo belfry "Ivan Veliky". Ngo 1330 yayakhiwe ibandla uMsindisi ku Bor (isimo koMsindisi) Spassky Monastery. Ngu 1333 kwathiwa waphakanyiselwa Cathedral of Ingelosi Eyinhloko (mhlawumbe esikhundleni wesonto Mihaila Arhangela), kamuva owaba emangcwabeni nabathile bezikhulu zakwa-Moscow.

Njengoba wokubusa Ivan Kalita e Russian eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi "Kremnik" ( "I ezibiyele"). Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i inqaba eMoscow. Kwakusho ukuthini igama elithi "kwamadolobha inqaba", "oluqinisayo nengulube". Umnikelo zokugcina ukuvelela eMoscow Ivan Kalita wenza ukwakhiwa Okhi izindonga Kremlin.

Intando Ivana Kality equkethwe uhlu kunalokho olubanzi Holdings, okuyinto anikezwa kokwesikhulu. Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngokuzamazama Kolomninskom emzaneni (Kolomna) nabanye abaningi abasinda.