Umthetho sokuqala nesesibili Faraday

I electrolyte njalo has ethile ion ngezibonakaliso "plus" futhi "lokususa", okulungiselelwe ukusabela amangqamuzana izidakamizwa ziyoncibilika ne kuphela. Lapho kwenzeka inkambu kagesi, ion ukuqala ukuze udlulele electrode, ngeminako esihle cathode, omubi - kuya anode. Ngemva kokufinyelela electrode, athomu abanike amacala abo aguqulwa ku-athomu omoya-hlangothi futhi kuthiwa imali kwi electrode. Athomu ngaphezulu ezifanelekile electrode, siyokhula luhlehliswe izinto.

Lena esiphethweni singayazi futhi empirically. Ngidlula wamanje ngokusebenzisa ikhambi aqueous zethusi sulfate , futhi uyogcina ukukhululwa sethusi carbon cathode. Sithola ukuthi kuqala embozwe ungqimba zethusi kancane obonakalayo ke njengoba bandwidth zamanje kuzokhulisa ke, futhi ndima eside wamanje itholakala e- carbon electrode eside ukujiya ungqimba zethusi, okuyinto lula solder, isibonelo, ithusi wire.

Lo mkhuba ngabodwa impahla phezu electrode ngenkathi Ukudlula wamanje ngokusebenzisa electrolyte libizwa nge-electrolysis.

Kudlulwa abahlukahlukene electrolysis imisinga nokukala ngokucophelela mass into eyakhululwa eMihlanganweni electrode ngayinye electrolyte, amaNgisi physics Faraday e 1833 - 1834 iminyaka. Ngavula Law ezimbili electrolysis.

umthetho Eyokuqala Faraday sika usungula ubudlelwano phakathi mass into bekhululiwe electrolysis futhi ukubaluleka icala ukuthi odabule electrolyte.

Lo mthetho ubizwa zavela ngale ndlela: mass ikhemikhali labelwa ngesikhathi electrolysis, ku electrode ngamunye ngqo wakhona inani ophethe lapho odabule electrolyte:

m = kq,

lapho m - mass impahla ahlukanisa, q - kwenkokhelo.

Inani k - elektrohimicheskimy izidakamizwa okulingana. Kuyinto ejwayelekile impahla ngayinye ezikhishwe phakathi electrolyte.

Uma uthatha ifomula q = 1 elengayo ke k = m, okusho okulingana electrochemical we ketshezi ukuba anda ilingane isisindo lomcebo ekhethiwe kusukela electrolyte ngu ngidlula icala kwelinye elengayo.

Iveza ikufomula nge icala mina nesikhathi samanje t, sithola:

m = Kit.

Umthetho wokuqala Faraday bahlola isipiliyoni kanje. Ngidlula wamanje ngokusebenzisa electrolyte A, B no-C Uma ifana, nenqwaba ketshezi akhethiwe ku A, B no-C bese kuzothathwa njengoba imisinga mina, I1, I2. Inani izinto akhethiwe A, ilingana isamba amavolumu esabelwe B no-C, kusukela wamanje mina = I1 + I2.

umthetho yesibili Faraday sika usungula ukwencika okulingana electrochemical ka-athomu isisindo Valence izidakamizwa futhi washayelwa kanje: okulingana electrochemical efana kuyoba wakhona isisindo sabo athomu, futhi inhlukanozigaba ukuze valency yayo.

Isilinganiso isisindo athomu we into Valence yayo ngokuthi chemical izidakamizwa okulingana. Ingena lesi silinganiso, umthetho wesibili Faraday sika kukwazi ukwakhiwa ehlukile: okulingana electrochemical efana kukhona wakhona chemical zabo okulingana.

Ake okulingana Electrochemical izinto ezingefani ngokulandelana K1 kanye K2, k3, ..., kN, okulingana chemical efanayo okufanayo izinto x1 futhi X2, x23, ..., XN ke K1 / K2 = x1 / X2, noma K1 / x1 = K2 / X2 = k3 / X3 = ... = kN / XN.

Ngamanye amazwi, isilinganiso okulingana electrochemical efana kwinani athi unesimo esifana kuyinto njalo kuso sonke izinto kokuba kwenani elifanayo:

k / x = c.

Lokho kusho ukuthi isilinganiso k / x njalo kuso sonke izinto:

k / x = c = 0, 01036 (meq) / k.

Inani kubonisa ukuthi bangaki milligram okulingana izinto phezu electrode ikhishwe ngesikhathi nokuwela kwawo electrolyte kwenkokhiso kagesi, ilingana 1 coulomb. Eyesibili umthetho Faraday emelelwa ifomula:

k = CX.

Uma kufakwa le nkulumo ngoba k emthethweni lokuqala Faraday, amabili zingahlanganiswa ibe umusho owodwa:

m = kq = cxq = cxIt,

lapho c - njalo jikelele 0 00001036 (EQ) / k.

Lokhu ifomula lubonisa ukuthi ngo edlulisa zamanje efanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, esikhathini electrolyte ezimbili ezihlukene, sizihlukanisa ngaphandle kokubili nenani izinto electrolyte ephathelene okulingana zamakhemikhali yalo.

Kusukela x = A / n ke singakwazi ukubhala:

m = CA / nit,

ngamanye amazwi, mass into ekhethiwe phezu electrode ngesikhathi electrolysis ukuba ngqo wakhona yayo atomic weight, zamanje, isikhathi, futhi inhlukanozigaba kuya valency.

Umthetho wesibili ka Faraday ukuba electrolysis, kanye owokuqala, kusukela ubunjalo bamanje ion in ikhambi kulandela ngqo.

umthetho Faraday sika, Lenz, kanye nezinye izazi zesayensi eziningi ezivelele nendima enkulu emlandweni nokuthuthukiswa physics.