I-Metropolitan Peter: Ukuphila. Ugcotshiwe uPeter, iMetropolitan yaseMoscow nakuyo yonke iRussia

Abamangalisa ebuKristwini babevela esikhathini esidlule. Kukhona phakathi kwabo abaholi, abapristi, abantu abavamile. USt. Peter waphuma indodana evela eMantropolitan yaseMoscow nase-All Russia. Ukuphila kwakhe kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukufunda hhayi abantu abakholwayo kuphela, kodwa nabo bonke abanesithakazelo emlandweni wesifunda saseRashiya kanye nesiphetho sabantu abadumile.

Ukubonakala kukaPetru nokuqala kwezifundo zakhe

Ngesinye isikhathi eVolhynia (manje engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ukraine) emndenini omuhle we-boyar, umama we-prelate ozayo, ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kwakhe, wabona iphupho lokuthi ubephethe iwundlu ezandleni zakhe. Phakathi kwezimpondo zalo ukhula umuthi omuhle ngezithelo nezimbali, kanye nokukhanyisa amakhandlela. Ngokushesha, ngasekupheleni kuka-1260, waba nendodana - lena kwakuyizikhulu ezizayo uPetru. Lapho lo mfana eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, wafundiswa ukufunda nokufunda imiBhalo Engcwele, kodwa lokhu akuzange kube nomphumela obulindelekile. Wayengeke alawule lutho kuze kube lusuku olulodwa ephusheni lwezindebe zikaPetru othile othize ezembathweni zabangcwele wamthinta. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana lapho i-metropolitan Peter ezayo yaqala ukufunda kahle. Ngokushesha wakwazi ukuba ngumfundi omkhulu kunazo zonke futhi afunde yonke imiBhalo Engcwele.

Indlela Elungile

Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, i-prelate yePeter uPeter (iMetropolitan yaseMoscow) yaba isikhulu esitokisini esiseduzane. Ngaphezu kokwenza zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi, okwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuthobeka, uPetru wayengowokuqala ukuya enkonzweni yesonto. Yonke imibhalo ayimi, elalele futhi elalela ngokuzithoba imiBhalo Yaphezulu futhi ethandaza, futhi akakaze amelane nodonga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho ebona imizamo kaPetru ngokulalela, ebheka ukuthobeka kwakhe, i-abbot ye-monastery yaveza ingcwele kumdikoni, futhi kamuva - e-presbyter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungcwele waba umdwebi wezithombe, ehamba ngezikhathi zokusebenza esithombeni sezwe lonke lasemhlabeni, egcwele imfundiso yenkolo kanye nayo yonke inhliziyo yakhe, ezama ukuphila okuhle. Sekuyisikhathi eside i-Metropolitan Peter yaseMoscow, futhi wonke u-Russia wasebenzisa i-monastery. Khona-ke wabusiswa yi-abbot futhi washiya izindonga zesiphephelo ukuze akhe i-monastery emfuleni okuthiwa i-Rati endaweni engafinyelelekile. Umsanta owakhiwe lapho ibandla leMsindisi uJesu Kristu, bese ehamba naye - i-monastery ebizwa ngokuthi i-Preobrazhensky. Lo mzalwane wahlangana lapho, uPetru wafundisa ngobumnene, ecabanga ukuthi uyisanda kakhulu kunabo bonke. Wayenomusa futhi akazange avumele ukuhamba ngaphandle kokucela noma ukusiza abaceli nabafokazi. Ngokuqondene naye wezwa ngisho nesikhulu, ngoba wayehlonishwa yibo bonke, futhi wonke umuntu ngenjabulo eyamukelwa emfundisweni engcwele.

Metropolitan Peter

UMetropolitan Maxim, owayevela eConstantinople, ngaleso sikhathi wafundisa abantu eRussia. UPetru wamnika isithunzi se-Holy Theotokos yomsebenzi wakhe (obizwa ngokuthi uPetrovsky), futhi wazibuza yena nabazalwane besibusiso. Ngemva kokukunikeza, idolobha elikhulu lathola lesi sithombe ngokuhlonipha futhi lahlala ekhaya. Kamuva, isithonjana sasise-Assumption Cathedral ye-Kremlin eMoscow. Ihora lokufa kukaMetropolitan Maxim lifikile. Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala ukufuna ozobhalwa esikhundleni sakhe esingcwele. Kwakukhona abakhethiweyo ababili: U-Yuri Lvovich, iNdunankulu yaseGalicia-Volynsky, wanxusa uPetru ukuba abe yidolobha elikhulu, futhi uTverkoi noVladimir benkosi banikela uTver Hegumen esikhundleni sokubamba iqhaza. Owesibini ozobhapathizwa waya olwandle waya eConstantinople, kodwa isiphepho samufica endleleni. Khona-ke, embonweni, uMama oNgcwele kunazo zonke zikaNkulunkulu watshela uGertia ukuthi uPetru kufanele abe yidolobha elikhulu. UMbhishobhi waseConstantinople u- Athanasius, naye, wayeyinjongo kaPetru. Lapho ingcwele ingena ethempelini, iphunga lagcwala yonke indawo. Lokhu kwakuyisibonakaliso ku-patriarch, owambusisa uPetru ngenjabulo. Kodwa, njengoba kwakucatshangwa, kwakukhona umhlangano wabangcwele, owabheka ozobhalwa yi-post of Metropolitan. Yaqaphela ukuthi uPetru ufanelwe lo msebenzi, owawunqunyelwe ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngesikhathi sokuzinikezela, bonke abakhona baqonda ukuthi wayengumuntu okhethiweyo kaNkulunkulu, owafika lapha ekhoneni likaBaba waseZulwini, ngoba ubuso bakhe bubukeka.

Amanga ngokumelene noPetru

UPeter Peter owayesanda kubhapathizwa, uMetropolitan waseMoscow, wathola iziqondiso zendodana yeningi izinsuku eziningana ngemuva kokuqalwa kwakhe, wabe esehamba eConstantinople ukuze aqale imisebenzi yakhe. Kodwa ngobumnene nangobumnene, lapho kufika kuye, futhi eqinile, eqinile ezindabeni zesonto Wabangela ukunganeliseki ngabanye abantu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona umbhishobhi onomona u-Andrei Tverskoi. Wanyundela ungcwelengcwele, wabhalela uMbhishobhi Ongcwele uAthanasius izinsolo ezinjalo ngokumelene nedolobha elikhulu ukuthi akazange akholelwe ngisho nabo, kodwa wayesethumela umfundisi wesonto. ISonto LaseRussia laqoqa isonto elikhulu ePhereyaslavl. Uphenyo lwaveza ubufakazi bamanga ngokumelene noPetru, futhi umgqugquzeli wayehlazekile. Umongameli akazange afihle umonakalo ngokumelene noMbhishobhi u-Andrew futhi, lapho ethethelele, waxosha leli katolika. Lo muzi omkhulu uPetru uye wahlonipha kakhulu futhi wazihlonipha.

Izenzo zengcwele

UPetru waya eRussia yonke indawo kubantu abaningi. E-Golden Horde, wathola amalungelo abefundisi. Ngamandla akhe onke, uMetropolitan wazama ukuqinisa izikhulu ezilwa. Izigaba zabo zazikhathaza kakhulu uPetru. Lapho efika eBryansk ukuze kuqhutshwe impikiswano elandelayo, idolobha elikhulu lase liba yisisulu sokubulala. Ebona futhi ebona ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kweRussia kunokwenzeka ngeMoscow, uPetru wayevame ukuvakashela leli dolobha elincanyana nelingabonakali kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, isikhulu sasinguGeorgy Danilovich, kodwa wayevame ukungabikho emzini. Ngesikhathi engekho, umfowabo uPrince John wayengumbusi onomusa kakhulu. Wayebasiza njalo abampofu nabaswelekile. KwakungokukaJohane uPetru ayevame ukukhuluma ngezindaba zesonto kanye nekusasa lomuzi waseMoscow. Umndeni wesikhulu sakwa-dolobha wabikezela ubukhulu nokuchuma. USt. Peter wayefuna ukuhambisa isihlalo sakhe eMoscow, okuyinto eyadingeka kuyo. ISonto LaseRussia linomthelela wokwakhiwa kwe-Assumption Cathedral eMoscow Kremlin kuSt. Peter, owacabanga ngawo wasungulwa ngo-1326. Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo, eduze kwe-altare, uMetropolitan Peter waseMoscow wahlela ibhokisi lakhe.

Ukubikezela ukudlula isanta

INkosi uJohn emva kwesikhathi yabona iphupho intaba ephakeme kakhulu eqhweni. Iqhwa lanyuka, futhi ngemva kwakhe intaba yaphela. USt. Peter wachaza ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini. Iqhwa eliqhakazile ukufa kwedolobha elikhulu, futhi intaba engekho ukufa kwesikhulu. UPetru wathola ukuvulwa kokufa kwakhe siqu, kodwa yini ngempela, akekho owaziyo. Ngomhla kaDisemba 21, 1326, phakathi nenkonzo yasemini, uMetropolitan Peter wafa ngomkhuleko. Ingcwaba lakhe lise-Assumption Cathedral. INkosi uJohn yayingekho edolobheni lapho kwakungekho noyedwa ongcwele. Ebuya, wabona intukuthelo yabantu abangcwele. Ngesikhathi sokungcwaba komngcwabo, omunye ongakholwa wangabaza ubungcwele beMetropolitan futhi waphenduka ngokushesha ukungakholwa kwakhe lapho ebona uPetru ehlezi ebhokisini futhi ebusisa abantu.

Umsebenzi oyimangaliso uPetru

Ukuphulukiswa kanye nezimangaliso zaqala ukufika ngokushesha ngemva kokungcwaba. Enye insizwa eyayinezandla ezingapheliyo kusukela ekuzalweni, izinyembezi nokholo, yathandaza ethuneni lomoya ongcwele. Ngehora elifanayo waphila, futhi izandla zakhe zaqina. Waphulukisa uSt. Peter kanye nomunye wezandla, wavula izindlebe ezithulu, waqala ukuzwa. Indoda eyimpumputhe eya emathuneni ngomthandazo yabona. Kwaqala kanjalo izimangaliso ezenziwa ngabangcwele. Futhi namuhla uMetropolitan uPetru usiza labo abaza nokholo nomkhuleko emseni wakhe.

Ukubala Ummangaliso-Umsebenzi Ebhekene Nezingcwele

I-Assumption Cathedral yakhiwe futhi yahlukaniswa ngo-1327. UMetropolitan Feognost, owafika esikhundleni sokuba nguPetru, akazange ashintshe izimfundiso zalabo ababengaphambili. Wahlala eMoscow, wakhuleka ethuneni likaSanta futhi wabona izibonakaliso eziningi ezenzeka lapho. Ukudlula wonke unzalamizi, uFeognost wathola umyalo futhi wabeka uPetru njengesisebenzi esimangalisa njengomsanta. Izikhathi ezintathu iziqu zakwa-saint zitholakala zingenakonakala. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, lapho ukuhlasela kukaTokhtamysh Khan ngo-1382, ithuna likaSanta lashiswa. Khona-ke, lapho ngo-1477 izindonga zamasonto awela phansi. Futhi ngesikhathi sokugcina u-Aristotle Fioravanti, umakhi we- Italy, wakha kabusha i-Assumption Cathedral, ngo-1479. Kuleli fomu, usalokhu ehlala. Ukuphila kweMetropolitan Peter kubhalwe nguMbhishobhi Prokhor waseRostov, owamiswa nguSaint ngokwakhe. Izinsuku zezinsuku zikaSt. Peter zikhona ngoDisemba 21 (noma ngoJanuwari 3) no-Agasti 24 (noma ngo-Septhemba 6).

Ithempeli laseMetropolitan Peter

Ngomnyaka ka-1514, ngesigwebo seNkosana i-Ivan III eNkampanini yasePhakeme-Pokrovsky , isonto lokuqala lamatshe lakhiwa ngenhlonipho yongcwele. Kulo, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha wenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini zethu amalungu esonto avakashela ethempelini likaPeter uMetropolitan waseMoscow. USanta wayehlonishwa futhi akahlonishwa eMoscow kuphela. Kukhona amasonto odumo lwakhe nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia. Ngakho-ke, eSt. Petersburg ngo-1991-2001 isonto lamapulangwe likaPeter Metropolitan lakhiwa. Kuleyo ndawo kwakukhona ithempeli elakhiwe yisimiso sikaPetru I egameni longcwele ekukhunjweni kokunqoba abaseSweden.

Kunzima ukugcizelela ukufaka isandla ekuqiniseni ukholo nokuhlanganiswa kweSt. Peter. I-Metropolitan ingafaniswa nama-prelates angamaKristu avelele njengoGregory uMfundisi Wezekolo, uBasil the Great, uJohn Chrysostom. Ukuphila kwakhe kuyisibonelo esicacile sokuthandabuza uNkulunkulu, abantu kanye namaMelandland. Ngifisa sengathi wonke umKristu wayenobukhulu okungenani uSt. Peter.