I-Monastery Varlaamo-Khutynsky: ukubuyekezwa, ikheli, indlela yokufika khona, isimiso semisebenzi, isithombe

I-Varlaamo-Khutynsky Monastery, etholakala ngamakhilomitha ayisikhombisa ukusuka kuNovegorod, ngaphambili yayiyindoda, futhi manje iyisifazana. Isici esiyinhloko esontweni kusukela esikhathini esidlule yizinhlamvu zomsunguli wayo, uMonk Varlaam. Kodwa-ke, akekho oshiya lapha ngaphandle kokuvakashela ethuneni lomlobi odumile waseRussia kanye nomholi wesonto ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalombili, uGabriel Derzhavin. Ungcwatshwa eduze kwethempeli elikhulu, eduze komkakhe D. Dyakova.

Incazelo

Indawo eqondile yalesi sizindela esingcwele yindawo engasenyakatho yedolobha elincane lase-Novgorod, igama lithempeli ngokwayo. I-monastery i-Varlaamo-Khutynsky iphakama ebhange elihle leVolkhov. Lo mfula ukhulu kakhulu futhi ungenasikhathi, ukuthi ezindaweni ufana nendawo echibi elikhulu ...

I-Varlaamo-Khutynsky Monastery, eyaziwa yizihambi ezivela kulo lonke elaseRussia, ingamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ku-Novgorod Kremlin. Ngisho nasekude ungabona indlu yayo yesiliva, futhi ngemva kokusondela ungabona i-cathedral emhlophe yeqhwa egumbini elincane lomfula iVolkhov.

Ngokomlando, i-monasteri yayingamaduna, kepha namuhla kufanele ivuselelwe abesifazane. Ngo-1994, amahora amane asuka ePuskhtitsa ngezindwendwe noMama Alexia. Okwamanje, izakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-40 zihlala futhi zisebenze lapha ukuthandaza nsuku zonke.

Namuhla, indlu yezindela ze-Varlaamo-Khutyn ithathwa njengenye yezindawo ezivakashelwa kakhulu zokuhambela enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe lethu. Njalo ngeSonto amabhasi amaningana aya lapha evela enhloko-dolobha nasePetersburg, eBelgorod naseVoronezh, evela kwamanye amadolobha amaningi hhayi eRussia kuphela, kodwa nase-Ukraine. AmaPilgrim esendlini yezindela ayethandwa hhayi kuphela yiziqu ze-relics, kodwa futhi ne-hill, okwenziwa yi-saint, esebenzisa kuphela i-skufeyku yakhe. Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa ayivunyelwe ukuthatha umhlaba kuwo. Kuthiwa lapha ukuthi omunye wabesifazane abathatha indawo encane, ephusheni weza u-Varlaam othukuthele futhi wayala ukuba athathe okubuyisiwe. Umthombo, uMfundisi obiwe, usifikile. Kukholelwa ukuthi amanzi akukhona nje kuphela okuhlwabusayo, kodwa futhi aphulukisa. Abantu abaningi beza lamanzi, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebusika iqala.

Umlando

I-Varlaamo-Khutynsky indlu yasezindlini, ukubuyekezwa kohambo olugcwele izinkumbulo ezifudumele, lwasinda kulo lonke umlando wayo omdala wokuba khona nokuphakama nokuhlaselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idume ngezibonakaliso ezenzeka emisekelweni yomsunguli wayo - i-Varlaam i-Monk. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwezindela kubuyele emuva ku-1192.

Umsunguli wayo wayekade esehlala eKhutyn isikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele i-monastery i-Varlaamo-Khutynsky. Indawo leyo ngalezo zinsuku yayinesizungu. Ngaphandle kwe-Novgorod ngezimbalwa eziningana, kwaziwa kakhulu. Emagqumeni eMfula iVolkhov, egcwele amahlathini, aphefumulela abantu ngokukholelwa ezinkolelweni. Kuthiwa kukhona umoya omubi kulezi zindawo futhi kunezinyoka eziningi. Ngokusobala, yingakho igama laleli dolobha lase-Novgorod linamagama afanayo - i-Khutyn, okusho "indawo embi". Kodwa-ke, uMonk Varlaam, engesabi ngegama elibi, kodwa wanquma ukuhlala lapha. Kuleli hlathini elimnyama nelithulu wathola isibonakaliso - ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuvela ekujuleni kwe-thicket engenakungenakwenzeka. Futhi yilokho okwamnika ithemba. Ngokomlando, i-monk yayivimbela izinyoka ukuthi zifinyelele esitokisini esiseduze nama-verst angaphezu kweziyishumi nambili. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje, akukho reptile evele lapha. Ekukhunjweni kwalokhu, isonto lokuqala le-monastery lalingcweliswa ngokuhlonipha ukuguqulwa kweNkosi.

Umsunguli

Njengendoda ecebile empilweni yomhlaba, uMonk Varlaam wasebenzisa amanani amaningi okutholakala nokuthuthukiswa kwezindela zaseKhutyn. Izazi-mlando ziveza ukuthi i-monastery i-Varlaamo-Khutynsky yamukelwa kuye, nge-testamente, emizaneni emibili ne-serfs, kanye neziningana eziningana "pozhen" noveli. " Ngakho-ke, lo monk wabeka isisekelo senhlalakahle yesikhathi esizayo sezindela, futhi wachitha umsebenzi omkhulu ekuchumeni kwakhe ngokomoya. Kwakuyi-Varlaam owakhulisa okokuqala umgudu wama-devotees, kamuva owaba izibalo ezivelele.

Imiklomelo ye-Monk Varlaam

Kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ukuzinikezelwa kwesonto, okwakubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa koMsindisi, uMonk Varlaam washona. Kwenzeka ngo-1192. Umbhishobhi omkhulu ngokwakhe uke wakha. Ngokusho kwababhali-mlando, lokhu kwakuyisivumelwano sokuhlonipha okukhulu i-hegumen eyayikujabulela ku-Novgorod. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe i-monastery i-Varlaamo-Khutynsky yaqhubeka isebenza, akazange eze esimweni sokuncipha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngemizamo emikhulu yabalandeli be-monk, wayelokhu eqiniswa futhi ehlomele.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ubuhle nokubukeka kwangaphandle i-monasteri inomvuzo weminikelo eyenziwe ngabakwa-Novgorodians abacebile, abahlonipha kakhulu uMonk Varlaam. Ngizisola kakhulu, kunolwazi oluncane lwama-documentary mayelana nesikhathi sokuqala salesi sikhungo sezindela. Ngakho-ke, namuhla kunzima ukucabanga konke lokho okutholakele ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kunzima, futhi ngoba ayikho izakhiwo ezifika esikhathini, kufaka phakathi Ukuguqulwa koMsindisi, akulondoloziwe.

Ukuphila kwabakhile bokuqala

Kukholelwa ukuthi uMonk Varlaam, owayeyindoda "yokubhuka" futhi owaqonda ngokugcwele amasiko angamaKristu aseByzantium yakudala, wamisa umhlangano wokugcina indawo endlini yezindela. Ezinye izazi-mlando zibheka lesi simemezelo njengengqondo nje, kusukela ekulandiseni kokuqala okushiwo ngokuphila kwamasonto e-monastery kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nesithupha. Banikezwa kumanothi abo kuMuscovy nguZygmund von Gerberstein, othi lo-abbot, owayedla njalo nomzalwane, wayehlale exoxisana nabaholi abaningi asebekhulile ngaphambi kokubeka imibuzo ebalulekile ekuxoxweni kwabanye abakhe.

Amaqiniso amangazayo

I-Varlaamo-Khutynsky Monastery, isithombe esifakazela ubukhosi balethempeli, njengoba indlu yonke yaseRussia yaphakanyiswa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-15. Kakade kusukela ngo-1460 kuya ezihlokweni uMonk Varlaam waqala ukwenza izinyathelo zokuhamba. UMduduzi Omkhulu uVasily II naye wamvakashela kanye namadodana akhe u-Andrey noYury. Ngalo nyaka ngonyaka ka-1460, emithonjeni yaseSt. George Tumgene - indlu yokulala-ukuphulukiswa kwanikezwa.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1471, kwenzeka umcimbi kwizindwendwe, lapho ama-Novgorodians asakhunjulwa ngenjabulo enkulu. Omkhulu uDuke uJohn III, owayefisa ukuthola iziqu zikaBaram, wayehlazekile. Lapho, lapho ehlambalaza, baqala ukuthungatha ithuna lomuntu ongcwele, umlilo owaqhamuka ngqo emhlabathini wawushisa udonga nomnyango we-iconostasis. UMbusi Omkhulu wabaleka ngokwesaba, futhi abasebenzi bakhe abashisayo kanye nengxenye ye-altare bagcinwa isikhathi eside e-sacristy yezindela.

Elinye lama-shrines aseRussia adume kakhulu

Kwakuyilo mcimbi owaholela ekutheni namhlanje uMfundisi wayehambisana noSergius waseRadonezh ongcwele odumile eRussia. Futhi nakuba i-monastery, emva kokufakwa kuka- Novgorod eMoscow, yalahlekelwa ezinye zezindawo zayo, isalokhu ihlala enye yezinto ezicebile kunazo zonke e-diocese, okwesibini kuYuryev kuphela.

Ngo-1540, ithempeli lahlushwa ngomlilo owaqala ebhokisini lokumangala. Yashisa yonke into kusuka emifanekiso kuya emnyango wangaphambili. Kodwa i-monasteri ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside: ukubuyiselwa kwaqoqwa ngokushesha imali eyanele, isabelo sezingonyama esanikelwa kubaphathi bendawo. Ngokushesha maduze uMsindisi-Ukuguqulwa kwezindwendwe waba mnandi nakakhulu kunangaphambili.

Izinhlekelele

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, ngo-1611, i-monasteri kwakudingeka ikhuthaze ukuhlolwa okunzima kakhulu. Phakathi nokuhlasela kwamaSweden, eholwa uJakobe Delagardi, kwakuyizindela zeKhutyn ezikhethwe ukuhlelwa kwendlunkulu yabasemzini. Futhi kumelwe ngithi, amaSweden aziphatha ngendlela engafanele. Abalando-mlando bezenzo zabo babizwa ngokuqondile ngokuthi ukuphanga. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela: ngisho nomdlavuza weMonk Varlaam abaseSweden abazange bayeke, basuse sonke isiliva kuwo.

Phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, emva kokuxoshwa kwabahlaseli, kunqunywe ukuthi kuhlaziywe i-Transfiguration Cathedral yasendulo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo setshe. Yakhelwe endaweni efanayo, futhi namuhla ixabana nobukhulu bayo i-Varlaamo-Khutynsky indlukazi.

Ungafika kanjani?

Ngokungafani namanye amasonto amaningi aseRussia namathempeli, leli bhishi lezindwendwe lifinyeleleka kakhulu ngokuza ngezithuthi zomphakathi. Indlu yezindela zase-Varlaamo-Khutynsky, ikheli layo: isifunda sase-Novgorod, pos. I-Khutyn, indawo lapho izinkulungwane zamakholwa ziza ukugubha amaholide. Ukufinyelela kuso akulula. Kusukela kuNovgorod kusukela esiteshini sebhasi kuya eBhutyn amabhasi inombolo 121 ihamba njalo.
Ngemoto esuka esikhungweni sesifunda ingatholakala uma uhamba ngeBolshaya Moskovskaya Street. Emgwaqeni ngeDerzhavin Street, jikela ngakwesokudla futhi, ngemva kokufinyelela uphawu lweKhutyn, hamba ngakwesobunxele. Emaminithini ambalwa kuyoba nemfoloko eholela e-Monastery Street. Kuzoholela ngqo kwizindlovu zaseMarlaamo-Khutynsky.

Uhlelo lwezinsizakalo

Nsuku zonke ezindongeni zethempelini kukhona umthandazo jikelele ekuseni kanye nenkonzo yamabili, kanye ne-akathist ne-liturgy, eqala ngo-7: 00 ekuseni. Emva kokuphela kwesisindo esontweni nasendlini yama-Monk Varlaam, kanye nasemthonjeni wakhe, kunamasevisi okuthandaza. Amasevisi kusihlwa aqala ngo-6 ntambama. NgeSonto emahoreni kusihlwa ekhontathini enkulu ngaphambi kokuba kufundwe iziqu zeMonk Varlaam i-Akathist.

Amaholide nezinsuku ezikhethekile e-monasteri zihlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi negama lomsunguli wayo. Inkumbulo yomonakalo igujwa ngoNovemba 19 nangolwesihlanu wokuqala ngesikhathi sokuzila kukaPetrov. Usuku lomkhosi lokuguqulwa kweNkosi eNkosini lwenzeka ngo-Agasti 19.

Ukuvezwa kwama-pilgrim

Umama ophakeme u-Alexia unguMkhulu oMama. Nguye owabusiswa ngokuqoqwa kweminikelo evela kumalungu esonto ekwakhiweni kwethempeli elisegqumeni, eyakhiwa yi-monk ngokwakhe, owasungula i-monastery ye-Varlaamo-Khutyn.

Ukubuyekezwa kokuvakashela kulethempelini elingcwele kugcwele ukufudumala nothando. Abaningi bagubha i-choir emihle kakhulu yamalungu esonto, ocula amasiko we-pjuhtitskih. Ubaba kaMakarios naye wathandana nabahambeli. I-Varlaamo-Khutynsky Monastery iyaziqhenya ngokuvuma kwayo. Futhi nakuba umpristi esemncane kakhulu, yena, ekwahluleleni izimpendulo, unesipho sokuthandana nokududuza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaki abahambeli abafika lapha, banamagama anomusa futhi bamomotheka wonke umuntu, ngamunye wabo, njengoba izivakashi ze-monastery zithi, zizobusisa, futhi zizobusisa i-pea zizogcoba ngamafutha ngemva komkhuleko wonke umuntu ofika e-Monastery yase-Varlaamo-Khutynsky. UMakarii wayethanda abahambeli abagibela ngokuthi bamemeza ngokuthi i-hydromonk. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngamunye wabo angalungisa ibhakede lamanzi emthonjeni wendawo odumile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu noma isikhathi sonyaka.

Engxenyeni yezindela, enqabeni encane, yi-chapel yaseSt. I-Varlaam. Kukhona izinganekwane ukuthi uma uhamba eduze kwentaba unyawo lwakho, zonke izifo zizodlula. Abaningi bathi babengafuni ukuhamba lapho, ngoba kukhona imilingo nemimoya engokoqobo, amagama angakwazi ukuwadlulisela.

I-Varlaamo-Khutynsky Monastery itholakala endaweni enhle kakhulu lapho yonke indawo ibonakala sengathi ihle kakhulu. Ngisho nomoya lapha okukhethekile. Futhi izinceku, zikwahlulela ngokubuyekezwa, zihlangabezane nomunye nomunye umuntu onokuziphatha okunjalo nokungenisa izihambi lapho umuntu ezwa khona ekhaya.