Abbot, lokhu ... Incazelo yegama elithi "abbot" ebuKristwini

Igama elithi "abbot" lingokwesiko saseNtshonalanga, kodwa ngenxa yezinguqulo zombhalo owaziwayo eRussia. Ngokujwayelekile kusho umuntu othize ongokomoya ohlala ezingeni elilodwa ebukhosini beSonto LamaKatolika. Kodwa yini ngempela i-abbot kulo? Lo ngumbuzo onzima kubantu abaningi bakithi. Ake sizame ukuyihlola.

Umsuka wegama

Okokuqala, sixazulula lo mbuzo nge-etymology. Lapha, eqinisweni, konke kulula. Igama elithi "abbot" yilohlobo lwesiLatini igama lesi-Aramu elithi abba, elisho ukuthi "ubaba."

Ukubukeka kwegama kulo mongo wesiko lobuKristu

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kuleli gama kutholakala kakade eBhayibhelini. Ngakho, isibonelo, uJesu waphendukela kuNkulunkulu. Isibonelo sakhe sabuye salandelwa abafundi abazungezile, bese kuthi abalandeli benkolo entsha babhekiselwe kubo. Kancane kancane, leli gama laba isikhalazo esingakahlelekile, esenhlonipho kumqondisi ongokomoya, ikakhulukazi indlela yokuphila yama-monastic. Ngekhulu lesikhombisa, kwakungenxa yalesi sifo ukuthi yayigxilile kakhulu ekulimeni kwamaKristu eGibhithe, ePalestina nakwamanye amazwe lapho ukunyakaza kwamasonto kukhula khona.

Ukufometha kwethemu

Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwe-monasticism eqaliswe amandla ombuso, amasiko amaningi ayanyamalala, noma ashintshe kusuka kumkhuba ongakahleleki kuze kube sesikhundleni esinqunyiwe. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesihlanu, eYurophu igama elithi "abbot" laqala ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-abbots yemiphakathi yama-monastic. Kamuva, lapho kuhlanganiswa isimiso se-ramified, isihloko se-abbot sasinda kuphela emkhosini wamaBenedictines, amaKlyoni, namaCistercians. Futhi imiyalo enjalo njenge-Augustinians, iDominican and Carmelites yaqala ukubiza abaholi babo ngokuzikhethela. Ngokuqondene namaFranciscans, isihloko se-abbot yabo yi-Guardian.

Ubukhosi obuphakathi ngaphakathi kwama-abbots

Njengoba wazi, kukhona ukukhishwa okuthile ngaphakathi kwe-Abbey, uma ngingasho kanjalo, umphakathi. Isibonelo, i-abbot yesitodela sezindleko zendodakazi yesifundazwe noma i-abbot ye-monasteri yahlala ezingeni eliphansi kunekhanda lomyalelo wonke noma isikhungo esikhulu sezindela. Ngakho-ke, labo balabo ababephethe izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, bangabizwa ngokuthi ama-archbatbats. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ama-abbots ajwayelekile ka-Cluny abizwa. Enye inguqulo yokufana okufanayo yi-abbot ye-abbots. Ngezikhathi eziphakathi indima yalaba bantu yayiphakeme kakhulu hhayi esontweni kuphela kodwa futhi nasepolitiki. Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-abbots amaningi amantombazane asezindaweni eziphakathi aqala ukuhlanjululwa ku-oda lomlando wama-episcopal futhi empeleni babengama-dioceses, hhayi nje amakhosta.

Ngubani owaba i-abbot

Ekhuluma ngokuqala kwenkathi yobuKrestu, isihloko sokuhlonipha umholi sanikezwa phambili ekuziphatheni okungokomoya nakwezindela ezihloniphekile, ezathola idumela labo njengendlela yokuphila. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo sezindaba sishintshile ngokuphawulekayo. EYurophu ephakathi, njengomthetho, kuphela umzukulu womndeni ohloniphekile ungase ube ngumabbot. Eqinisweni, le ndima yanikezwa kumadodana wesibili nowesithathu, abaqeqeshelwe le nkonzo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngomoya, kwakuyinto engokwenyama, futhi indoda ayidingi intshiseko yangempela yama-monastic ne-charisma engokomoya. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo, eFrance, ama-abbots angasebenzisa ngokujwayelekile i-monastery kuphela njengomthombo wemali engenayo, kodwa angahlali kulo futhi angahlanganyeli ekubuseni kwangempela, enikeze igunya kubaphathi bawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona ungqimba lwezinhlayiya ezingezona ezomhlaba ezazithola izindwendwe njengomvuzo ovela emandleni kahulumeni. Babengabantu bokuzalwa okuhle, babengenaso isithunzi esingokomoya futhi abazange bathole izifungo eziyingqayizivele. Noma kunjalo, ukuba negunya phezu kwama-abbeys, nabo babephethe isihloko esisemthethweni se-abbot.

Ngokuqondene neFrance ngokwayo, i-abbot iyinkosikazi enjalo, okwathi ngemva kwesikhathi sokuxolisa, ibuyele empilweni yezwe. Ngamanye amazwi, ibizwa ngokuthi i-rastrig kule nkulumo.

Ama-abbots kwezinye izinkolo

I-abbot, njengoba sesichazile kakade, isihloko esiyiSonto LamaKatolika. EbuKristwini baseMpumalanga, lapho kusetshenziswe khona isiGreki ngaphezulu, hhayi isiLatin, i-analogue esiseduze yigama elithi "avva". Lona yizimpande ezifanayo zesiAramaic, kodwa hhayi ngesiLatini, kodwa ngokuhunyushwa kwesiGreki. Kodwa-ke, ngo-Orthodoxy lokhu kuyisimangalo esingavumelekile kubaqeqeshi abangokomoya abagunyazayo abavela phakathi kwe-monastics.

I-abbot Orthodox ngomqondo we-Western kuphela wezwi ingaba kuphela uma i-monastery ihambela isiko laseNtshonalanga. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezikhungo ezinjalo zesiLatin e-Orthodoxy, kodwa zikhona, futhi zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi, zangaphambili amaKatolika namaProthestani.

Ama-abbots angatholakala nasezinhlanganweni ze-monastic zeSonto Lase - Anglican, okwathi, ngemva kokubalekela amaKatolika amaProthestani, yakwazi ukulondoloza isizwe. Kwamanye amazwe amaProthestani, ngezinye izikhathi ama-abbots abizwa ngokuthi yizinhloko zezikhungo zezwe, ezazingaphakathi kwezindonga zama-monasteries zangaphambili.