Umphostoli oNgcwele uMarku. Akathist kuMphostoli uMarku

Njengoba kuyaziwa, iVangeli eligcwele linamabhuku amane, axhaswe ngabavangeli abangcwele - uMatewu, uMarku, uLuka noJohane. Umlando wesonto ubuye ukwazi nezinye imisebenzi ezibiza ukuthi zinamaqiniso eqiniso, kodwa lezi kuphela ziyaziwa yibandla, futhi zibhekwa njengezingcingo. Ezinye zibizwa nge-apocrypha futhi azibonakali. Umlobi weyesibili ezincwadini zezincwadi zeBhayibheli ungumphostoli ongcwele uMarku - omunye wabaphostoli abangamashumi ayisikhombisa. Mayelana naye yindaba yethu.

Bangobani abaphostoli?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukunikeza izincazelo mayelana nokuthi abaphostoli abanjalo bani, futhi kungani kwezinye izimo inani labo lilinganiselwa kuyishumi nambili, kanti kwabanye - amashumi ayisikhombisa. Kusukela eTestamenteni Elisha siyazi ukuthi uJesu Kristu wabiza ukuMkhonza abantu abayishumi nambili. Babengabantu abulula kakhulu, abangafundile futhi basebenza kanzima ukuthola isinkwa sabo. Wabena kanye nabo wamemezela ukuza okuzayo koMbuso kaNkulunkulu futhi bakhipha amademoni. Igama elithi "ivangeli" lihunyushwa kusukela esiGrekini ngokuthi "izindaba ezinhle". Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko kulaba bantu abayishumi nambili - abangane bakaKristu - futhi kwakuwukuletha abantu lezi zindaba ezinhle. Ukuthi baqala ukubizwa ngokuthi abaphostoli abayishumi nambili. Bonke babizwa ngeVangeli.

Abangane abangamashumi ayisikhombisa bakaKristu

Kodwa inani lalabo abanikezwa isipho senkonzo yabaphostoli emseni kaNkulunkulu kwakungagcini kwabayishumi nambili. UmShumayeli Ongcwele uLuka usitshela ukuthi uJesu Kristu, ngaphandle kwabaphostoli abayishumi nambili okukhulunywe ngenhla, naye wabiza ezinye izikhonzi ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ezithembekile. Bathumela kabili ngamadolobha namadolobhana uSam ngokwakhe ayehlose ukuza. UMsindisi wabanika amandla amaningi amakhulu. Ngokufeza imisebenzi emihle ngosizo lwabo, abaphostoli bakuthola kulula ukufaka ukholo ezinhliziyweni zabantu abavamile, abajwayele ukubona izimangaliso kunamazwi omshumayeli.

Lapha kuya kwinani lalabaphostoli abayishumi nambili - abavangeli boMbuso kaNkulunkulu - futhi umvangeli kaMarku ungowakhe. Uhlu lwabo, olungabonakala eMesyatseslov yama-Orthodox, lwahlanganiswa emakhulwini amahlanu nelesithupha, okungukuthi, iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu emva kokuba izenzakalo zichazwe, kanti abanye abacwaningi bavame ukuvuma ukungalungi kuyo. Nokho, kukhona phakathi kwabo amagama angenakuzaza. Lokhu ikakhulukazi abavangeli uLuka noMarku.

Umlandeli osemusha kaJesu

Umphostoli uMarku, obizwa nangokuthi uJohn, wazalwa futhi wasebenzisa ubusha bakhe eJerusalema. Mayelana nale nkathi yokuphila kwakhe emhlabeni kwaziwa kancane kakhulu. Umuntu angasho kuphela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi umshumayeli wesikhathi esizayo wayengumshana womunye umlandeli othembekile wemfundiso yobuKristu - umphostoli ongcwele uBarnaba, omunye wabashumayeli abangamashumi ayisikhombisa beqiniso laphezulu. Kusukela encwadini ethi "IzEnzo zabaPhostoli" kuyaziwa ukuthi emva kokukhuphuka kweNkosi endlini kanina abaphostoli nabalandeli babo bahlala bebuthene ndawonye.

Kufanele ukukhumbula lesi siqephu lapho umphostoli ongcwele uPetru, ekhululwa ejele labapristi, eya endlini kaMarko. Uthola lapho umhlangano wabantu bakhe abafana naye. Ngisho nenceku egama layo linguRoda, eqaphela ukuthi isigijimi sasebusuku esqongqoza esangweni, umlingani oseduze kakhulu nomfundi kaKristu, ayikwazanga ukuvimbela injabulo yakhe futhi yagijimela endlini - ukwazisa labo abakhona ngokukhululwa kwakhe ngokuyisimangaliso.

EVangelini lakhe, elibhalwa ngo-62 eRoma, umphostoli uMarku ukhuluma ngokungaziwa ngezinye zeziqephu zendaba. Kucatshangwa ukuthi wayeyindoda eyayiboshwe ngengubo, ilandele uJesu ngobusuku bokuboshwa kwakhe, yabalekela amasosha ayezama ukumthatha. Yayiye, esebalekile kubo futhi eshiya izingubo zabo ezandleni zabo, walala enqunu ebumnyameni bobusuku. Ngokusobala, wathola insindiso endlini kanina, okuyinto, njengoba sazi, yayiseduze neGadini laseGetsemane.

Ukushumayela iVangeli eKrete

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umphostoli nomvangeli uMarku baphathelene nenkonzo yakhe nabaphostoli uPetru, uPawulu noBarnaba. UPawulu noBarnaba waya eKrethe, bevakashela uSeleucia. Ngesikhathi beshumayela ivangeli likaJesu Kristu, badlula isiqhingi sonke kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, benza izakhamuzi eziningi zibe yiqiniso lokholo. Ebulawa nguMusa kaNkulunkulu, abavangeli abangcwele benza izimangaliso. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, "IzEnzo zabaPhostoli" zisitshela ukuthi umphostoli uPawulu, ngamandla anikezwe avela phezulu, wathumela impumputhe kumprofethi wamanga nomlumbi uVarisus, owavimbela umbusi kaSergius Paul ukuba aphenduke ekukholweni okusha.

Uhambo oluya emabhange eNayile

Lapho, ekupheleni kwemibhalo eKrethe, umphostoli uMarku waphindela eJerusalema, kwavela uhambo olusha. Kanye nomeluleki wakhe oseduze - uMphostoli oyinhloko uPetru - waya eRoma. "Emadolobheni angunaphakade" uthisha wamnika umyalo wokuya phambili, eGibhithe, owawugoqa ngalezo zinsuku ebumnyameni lobuqaba. Ukufeza intando kaPetru, umphostoli kanye nomvangeli uMarku wathumela indlela eya emanzini aseNayile. Lapha waba ngumsunguli wesonto elisha, elihloselwe ukudlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni wobuKristu. Kwakusezintabeni ezishisayo ukuthi impilo yesikhathi esizayo ye-monastic yazalwa futhi yakhiwa. Lapha, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zokusinda, ngokusemthethweni isikole sokuxoshwa senziwa.

Ekuhambeni kwakhe, umphostoli uMarku uzobuyela eGibhithe kaningi. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka masinyane emva kokuhlangana nomphostoli uPawulu e-Antiyokiya, yena kanye nomalume wakhe-umphostoli uBarnaba - bazovakashela eKhupro. Phakathi nalokhu, uhambo lwesibili oluya emfuleni iNayile, uMarku kanye nomphostoli uPetru uzoqhubeka nebhizinisi aqala ngalo futhi abe ngumsunguli wemiphakathi yobuKristu emadolobheni amaningi ezweni.

Ukusungulwa kwesonto laseBabiloni nokuya eRoma

Unelungelo lokuba omunye wabasunguli beSonto LamaKrestu Ongcwele eBhabhiloni lasendulo, okukhulunywa ngalo njalo emiBhalweni Engcwele. Umphostoli uPetru owayehamba naye wathumela incwadi evela eBabiloni eya eMasas Basians kuKristu. Umbhalo wakhe uhlanganiswe "Ezincwadini Zabaphostoli". Kuyo ungabona ukuthi uthando lukaPetru lukhuluma ngani njengendodana yakhe engokomoya.

Lapho izindaba zivela eRoma ukuthi umphostoli uPawulu wayeboshwe futhi ukuphila kwakhe kwakusengozini, umshumayeli wesikhathi esizayo wayese-Efesu, lapho isonto lendawo laliholwa khona ngabanye abalandeli bezimfundiso zobuKristu - uSt. Timothy. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-64, ekubuseni kukaMbusi Nero. Ngokushesha umphostoli uMarku wagijimela eRoma, kodwa akakwazanga ukusiza uPawulu.

Indalo yesikole samaKristu e-Alexandria

Ebona ukungabi nalutho kokuhlala kwakhe lapho, ubuye abuyele eGibhithe nase-Aleksandriya aqoke isikole esingokomoya esakhuphula izinsika zobuKristu njengeClement waseAlexandriya, iSt. Dionysius, uSt. Gregory Wonderworker kanye nabanye abababa besonto. Lapha badala omunye wemisebenzi evelele yokufundisa - umkhosi we-Liturgy yamaKristu ase-Alexandria.

Kusukela enhloko - dolobha yaseGibhithe lasendulo, lo mphostoli uya ekujuleni kwezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ushumayela iVangeli kwabakhileyo eLibya naseNectopolis. Phakathi nalezi zindlebe, injabulo eyabangelwa ukuqinisa ubuqaba emzabalazweni wakhe wokulwa nobuKristu kwenzeka e-Aleksandria, esanda kushiya, futhi uMarku ubuyela, ngomyalo kaMoya oNgcwele.

Ukuphela kokuphila komphostoli uMarku

Lapho ebuyela e-Aleksandriya, wenza ukuphulukiswa ngokuyisimangaliso kwe-shoemaker yendawo, endlini yakhe ahlala kuyo. Lokhu kwaziwa kwabakhileyo edolobheni futhi kudonsela amakholwa amasha ebuKristwini, futhi kubangela ukufutheka kumaqaba. Bakhetha ukubulala umphostoli uMarku. Abantu abangamhloniphi uNkulunkulu bamhlasela ngesikhathi seNkonzo Yaphezulu, futhi abashaywe baboshwa etilongweni. Ngosuku olulandelayo i-topa ephazamisekile yamholela emigwaqweni yomuzi, umphostoli ongcwele wafa, efaka umphefumulo wakhe ezandleni zikaNkulunkulu.

Ngemva kokuzibulala, abenzi bokufa kwakhe bazama ukushisa umzimba wabalungileyo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhanya kwelanga kwadabuka, futhi ukuzamazama komhlaba okwesabekayo kwashaya umuzi ngaphansi kokuduma. Abahedeni babalekela ngokuthuthumela, futhi amaKhristu womuzi bamngcwaba uthisha wabo ethuneni lamatshe. Ukukhumbula lokhu mcimbi kugubha ngo-Ephreli 25. Kulolu suku, ngokwesiko, imigqa yeVangeli kanye ne-Akathist kuMpostoli uMarku ifundwa.

Ukuhlonipha iSt. Mark the Evangelist

Waqeda indlela yakhe yasemhlabeni ngo-63, ngenxa yezinkonzo zakhe waba omunye wabangcwele abahlonishwa kakhulu ezweni lamaKristu. Inkazimulo kumphostoli uMarko isenziwa izikhathi ezine ngonyaka. Ngaphezulu kosuku olushiwo ngalo ngo-Ephreli 25, ngu-Septhemba 27 no-Okthoba 30. Futhi lapha kumele sihlanganise usuku lapho bonke abaphostoli bakaKristu abangamashumi ayisikhombisa bekhunjulwa - ngoJanuwari 4. Ezinsukwini zememori emasontweni, umphostoli uMarku ufunda umthandazo. Kulo, amakholwa acela umvangeli ongcwele ukuba acele iNkosi ukuba abathumelele ukuthethelelwa kwazo zonke izono, agxilise imiphefumulo futhi iphathise unembeza.

Umphostoli uMarku ungumphathi womndeni

Enkolweni yama-Orthodox, umphostoli uMarku uyisihlalo somndeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyisiko lapho kunoma yiziphi izingxabano nezinkinga emndenini ukuthandaza kuye ngomthandazo, ukucela usizo lwakhe nokuncenga. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izicelo ezinjalo zibalulekile kubo bonke abavangeli abane. Ngokuthandaza phambi kwezithombe zabo ezithembekile, ngamunye wabo uyosiza abantu abanemindeni yabo ehlile imizwa, futhi ubuhlobo babo bomshado buyasondela ekuqhekekeni.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlonishwa kwabangcwele abangamaKristu kunjengokuqala kokukhulekela kwabaphostoli. Lokhu akulona ngengozi. UMsindisi uqobo wabathandazela kuNkulunkulu uBaba eDlokudlweni Sokugcina. Phakathi kwabo kukhona umphostoli uMarku. Isithonjana esinesithombe sayo (noma i-fresco), kanye nezithonjana zabanye abavangeli, kuyisici esibalulekile esontweni lama-Orthodox.

Omunye wabavangeli abane uhambisana nesithombe sayo esingokomfanekiso, esithathwe ezithombeni zesAmbulo seSt. John the Divine. UMathewu uboniswa njengengelosi, uLuka ngesimo sethole, uJohn uyisikhozi, futhi uMarku ungonyama. Ibhubesi lifanekisela amandla, amandla nokungesabi emzabalazweni wemibono yobuKristu.

I-Akathist kuMpostoli uMarku, njengabo bonke ama-Akathi, ihlanganisa, ngaphezu kwezithombe, okuyizinto ezithandwa ngu-saint, kanye ne-kondaks. Kuzo, ngendlela ehambelanayo neyombhalo, isichazamazwi sokuphila nokufaneleka komuntu okunikezelwa kuye kuqukethe. Lokhu akungabazeki isiko elihle, ngoba ngisho nabantu abangafundwanga izimpilo zabangcwele, kodwa ngubani osukwini lokufunda i-akathist esontweni, yizibonelo zenkonzo ephezulu kuNkulunkulu. Esinye sezibonelo ezinjalo cishe sekuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili impilo yomphostoli ongcwele nomvangeli uMarku.