Ancient Egypt: inhloko-dolobha Memphis. Inhloko-dolobha yokuqala eGibhithe lasendulo

impucuko waseGibhithe ingenye endala kakhulu. Phakathi nomlando omude ngezikhathi zako eziningi inhlokodolobha wathutha kusukela komunye umuzi komunye. Lokhu kwakuhambisana nezinga ezombusazwe kanye whims we lwamakhosi elibusayo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, ngisho izihloko ezimbili kwaba esimweni. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-6 ayizinkulungwane ke lahlukaniswa laba Upper futhi Lower Egypt, ngalinye elikwazi kwadingeka edolobheni zako ezisemqoka. I lasendulo dolobha yaseGibhithe okwakuseduze layo umuzi Memphis. Lapho izingxenye ezimbili yezwe babemunye yakhulela emngceleni yangaphambili.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Memphis

Ngokusho abavubukuli kwenziwe indawo yaseGibhithe lasendulo, inhloko-dolobha Memphis kuhlehlela emuva BC XXII leminyaka. e. Ngenkathi amandla wayenguKristu uFaro Menes (Mes).

Ngesikhathi owasungula inhloko-dolobha yokuqala eGibhithe lasendulo wabizwa ngokuthi Inbuhedzh. Njengoba yahunyushelwa olimini isiRashiya kusho "udonga emhlophe". Kwakuwusuku igama inqaba emhlabeni lapho umuzi wakhiwa.

Phakathi nokubusa uFaro uPepi II Neferkara e 2279 - 2219 iminyaka BC. e. igama dolobha yaseGibhithe lasendulo lashintsha laba Memphis, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "uPepi iqinile futhi mihle." Leli gama walondolozwa ukuze wonke umlando wakhe wesikhathi esizayo.

UMkhandlu sewusungule labetibambile indawo ebalulekile impucuko wokuphila, okuyinto uthela igama Ancient Egypt. Capital wakhonza njengephayona imisebenzi yenkolo, ezombusazwe, ezolimo kanye ingcweti. Memphis wahlala umuzi obalulekile ezweni isikhathi eside.

The best iyunifomu bokulwa nezinqola baphuma workshop zaseNofi. Kwakuwusuku maphakathi umkhakha ukuzivikela zezwe lasendulo.

E Memphis, yayakhiwe izakhiwo zenkolo kubalulekile anikezelwe Ptah futhi Apis. Kube ihlelo labo nkulunkulu.

Land ezizungeze inhloko-dolobha kwakufanele uvundile impela. Neil lalisakazeka kabanzi futhi wondla ama-inhlabathi daka. Ngakho, uthola Umanyolo wemvelo. Iningi labantu balapha zaseNofi babesebenza kwezolimo. Bakhulisa ukotini, amagilebhisi namakhiwane nokusanhlamvu, wavuka uwoyela eqoqwe, imvu ezifuywa.

Abalimi bavune isivuno ocebile esigangeni. Sheep etshalwa kahle futhi ezifuywa. umhlambi Local safinyelela abangamakhulu ezinkulungwane eziningana. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ukondliwa bonke abakhileyo emagcekeni ezigodlo akazange kuphakama. Ziningi esigodlweni izinceku, abapristi, izinceku nezigqila bebelokhu wanelisekile njalo.

Memphis Capital

Ngokuhamba wonke umlando omude wesizwe inhloko-dolobha yezwe laseGibhithe sidilizwa wayiswa kusuka Memphis kwamanye amadolobha. Ngakho, i-Memphis ubegqoke isimo amadolobhakazi amakhulu laseGibithe ngalezi zikhathi ezilandelayo:

• phakathi nokubusa Dynasty VIII 2950 - 2180 iminyaka BC.
• phakathi nokubusa uFaro Seti XIX lwamakhosi e 1290 - 1279 iminyaka BC.
• phakathi nokubusa Pharaonic okusha Kingdom e XIV-XII eminyaka BC. e.
• phakathi nokubusa oFaro esikhathini esidlule 404-343 iminyaka. BC. e.

Ngo 715 - 664 eminyakeni BC lapho amandla kwaba umTopiya Dynasty XXV, inhloko-dolobha engokomthetho elise Napata. Kodwa eqinisweni, isikhungo zezombusazwe zaseNofi wahlala, kwafika bonke oda zomphakathi ezivela kuye.

Ngo 525 - 404, 343 - 332 eminyakeni BC. e. futhi 332 - 322 eminyakeni BC emandleni babe yamaPheresiya kwabaseMakedoniya ngokulandelana. Bona leliya lizwe kusukela Memphis.

ukunqabela Memphis

Kusukela 342 BC Iqala yokuncipha kokubaluleka dolobha Old Kingdom laseGibhithe. Indawo okwakukhona kuyo Memphis uyekile kube lusizo. Wayekhona ehlane. Uhulumeni omusha kwakudingeka ikwazi ukungena olwandle, esizokwenza ukudayisa emazweni Mediterranean. Ngakho-ke, leli dolobha liye walahlekelwa ukubaluleka yayo yangaphambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqala ekunqotshweni Arab yezwe kanye nokwakhiwa Cairo, okuyinto yaba inhloko-dolobha entsha. Ukuze ukwakhiwa yakhe Arabhu basebenzisa itshe Esigodlweni esihle kakhulu Memphis.

imivubukulo Memphis

Kwaphela isikhathi eside-dolobha yaseGibhithe lasendulo, Memphis, zazifihlwa ngaphansi odakeni, labo ababebanga ukuba amanzi omfula. Ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa waqala kuphela XVIII - XIX eminyaka. Kwakuthinta kugqugquzelwa ayehlasela sikaNapoleon futhi isithakazelo yaseYurophu e Egyptology, okwakubekelwa iyachuma ngaleso sikhathi.

Izwe kwakuhlezi eBrithani. AmaNgisi wathatha ephuma ezweni laseGibhithe, konke abebengakwenza ukuthutha ngemikhumbi. Labe wathola ingxenye ezakhiwe zaseNofi - unkulunkulu Ptah Amanxiwa ethempeli futhi Serapeum, amathuna Apis nangezinkunzi eGiligali. Lezi zilwane kwakufanele incarnation esemhlabeni unkulunkulu Ptah.

Amanxiwa Memphis

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke zemivubukulo enhlokodolobha yase endaweni wasendulo yamathuna zaseNofi. Ibanga 35 km kuya entshonalanga yomuzi. Kuhlanganisa amasayithi eziningana bemivubukulo - Giza, Saqqara, Abu Roash, Abusir futhi Zaviet El-Arian.

Kuyinto nje lidume ngokuthunga emanxiweni ethempelini Ptah. Kodwa kusukela kuye cishe lutho. Kodwa ezimbili eziqoshiwe kaRamses II ababemi phambi kwethempeli, baphepha osikweni cishe ngokuphelele. Banezinhliziyo ukuphakama 13 metres. Omunye wabo senziwa egwadle, elinye - kusukela e-limestone.

Ukuze ethempelini Ptah wahola Avenue of the Sphinxes, yimuphi kuphela abasinda. Pyramids futhi amathuna yamathuna zaseNofi zaphangwa futhi cishe, akashiyanga noyedwa owasalayo.

Imivubukulo iye yabonisa ukuthi Memphis isingamakhilomitha amakhilomitha amaningi. Kodwa iningi endaweni yayo kuhlala omakhelwane yokuhlala, alixhumani nomunye. Basuke ahlukeneko emhlabeni izigodlo koFaro. Ngesikhathi yokunqotshwa Arab ezingxenyeni baqala ukuhlala abantu mkhakha efanayo noma imvelaphi ethize.

Imivubukulo kuqhubeke ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. Kodwa kuze kube manje, liye wafunda engxenyeni yesine edolobheni.

Ezikhumbuzo abasindile Memphis

Omunye eziqoshiwe lokusinda kaRamses II ngo-1955, wamiswa ngo isikwele phambi esiteshini sesitimela e Cairo.

Esifanekisweni yesibili ensimini esikhethekile ensimini ka Memphis. Kwatholakala e 1820. Ingxenye imilenze engafakwanga.

Ensimini efanayo kukhona itafula eyenziwe alabhaste. Sasisetshenziselwa nokugqumisa Apis, inkunzi engcwele. Okunye okuphawulekayo imitha nesishiyagalombili Sphinx.

Kancane walondoloza yamathuna zaseNofi. Siqukethe amathuna amaningi nemibhoshongo. Ezinye iziza bakhe - Giza, Abusir, Saqqara futhi Dahshur - 1979 elahlanganiswa kwe-World Heritage List of UNESCO.

Memphis yesimanjemanje

Umuzi obalulekile yezwe Ancient Egypt, Memphis dolobha, ifikile indlela zomlando eside. Amanxiwa akhona, uqambe amanga oseningizimu-ntshonalanga Cairo. omakhelwane babo namuhla nemizana amancane badrshein futhi Mit Rakhine.

izakhamuzi zakhona, kanye nabantu abahlala kula mazwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, wahlanganyela nokufuya ukufuya izimvu. Kodwa kubo bonke abantu abanesithakazelo elikhulayo izivakashi izikhumbuzo zomlando eGibhithe sebeqala ukuba bashintshe umsebenzi wabo. Ezinye izakhamuzi bashintshele ukukhiqizwa imifanekiso ukuthi ukukhipha le-lwaseGibhithe lasendulo, nabanye - ukusebenza iziqondiso.

Kodwa uhlobo yokugcina imali akwaziwa. Ngempela, iningi imivubukulo ayiboniswanga izivakashi. Ngokwesibonelo, Nethempeli Ptah ngokuvamile wathela itafula amanzi, okwenza kube zingakwazi ukufunda umphakathi. Okunye okutholakele ezithakazelisayo avulekele kuphela ososayensi kanye abavubukuli. Izivakashi futhi anikwa kuphela ubunyoninco lezixuku yisikhathi izihlahla, ulalele umbono umlandvo lomfishane uhambe phambili.