Amakilasi Eyisisekelo kanye zama-moss: lokufanako nalokwehlukile

Omunye abakhileyo endala kakhulu kule planethi yethu kukhona izinhlobo eziningi of wona kanye ulele ezimboze izindawo ezinkulu. Lezi zitshalo bahlanganiswe behlobene ulwelwe, kodwa kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwazo.

Symbiosis Lichen limelela isikhunta ulwelwe. Phakathi mushroom Imicu yotshani sikhule ulwelwe. Okunjalo isakhiwo ulele umzimba kwenza lesi sitshalo ukuncela umswakama ngokusebenzisa sesigcilikisha fungal kanye nenqubo namaminerali ziyoncibilika kulo ketshezi organic nge ulwelwe oluhlaza. Kuqhathaniswa moss, ulele undemanding ngaphezulu kodwa enganele umswakama abune futhi bafe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi ukukhanya.

Mosses kudingeka umthunzi namanzi ukuthi ukusivumela emhlabathini nge ekhethekile umsila fibre - rhizoids, okuyinto ukwenza njenge izimpande. kwezinhlobo ezahlukene moss akheke ezahlukene, kodwa zonke ukukhiqiza kabusha by ezinhlamvu. Amanzi kunendima eyinhloko yokuzala njengoba kuba ngosizo kwabesilisa izingxabano ukufinyelela zesifazane zygote futhi umquba.

Zonke izinhlobo wona ukukhiqiza kabusha ngesikhathi liqala Lesisemkhatsini - kumiswa izitshalo asexual - protofitom engakwazi ukuveza, okuyinto ukuvuthwa capsule nge ezinhlamvu. Ngenxa meiosis futhi ifomu ezinhlamvu ziqhume proton - isakhiwo asamicwana okuyinto kamuva ibe sihlahla ungowesifazane noma owesilisa - gametophyte. Ngakho, kukhona ngaphakathi alternation of ngokobulili isizukulwane asexual.

Sabalalisa Moss izitshalo evamile ihlukaniswe 3 amakilasi:

1. Antotserotovye. Mosses kuleli kilasi kukhona ezingaphezu kuka-300, i-main ukusatshalaliswa endaweni - ezishisayo. Antotserotovye wona akheke eyinqaba - umthondo zitholakala kule aphansi izitshalo ungqimba, akha esidayisa kuyiphi kuphuma i side struchkovidny sporogony kokuba eletary - imicu ukuthi babambe ukuhlakazwa kangcono ezinhlamvu.

2. Isibindi wona amelwe subclasses marshantsievye futhi jungermanniales. I subclass lokuqala ihlanganisa izitshalo, le gametophyte ongatholakala kuhluka ukuma has engumzimba owodwa oily kancane futhi sporogonia zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo elingenalo ngodonga. Izitshalo subclass lesibili corpuscles eziningana oily futhi zahlukahlukene kakhulu ngefomu gametophyte. Liverworts ezivamile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ezisondelene nazo.

3. Listostebelnye. Mosses lezihlahla uhlobo babe amashumi amaningana ezinkulungwane (mayelana 95% wona) futhi zibandakanya subclasses ezintathu: brievye, sphagnum futhi Andreeva. Ngu Andreev izitshalo ezincane umbala obomvu-ensundu, ezikhulayo phezu kwamadwala. Ukuze sphagnum libhekene ngqo sporogonia stem capsule eyindilinga. Brievye wona zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa zonke izitshalo zinamazinyo esikhethekile spore zisakaza.

Zonke lezihlahla yathi chithi saka emahlathini nasemaxhaphozini, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke yizona moss yefilakisi Kukushkin, sphagnum leukobry - izinhlobo moss, isithombe okuyinto eyenzeka njengoba encyclopedia sina, kanye iqoqo isithombe sakho.

Mosses ukudlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni biocenoses kanye kumiswa Peat, okuyinto obusetshenziswa embonini. Uma ubhalisa ukuklanywa iziza engadini esetshenziswa moss, okuyinto kulula ukhule bebodwa, usebenzisa imvubelo, ushukela, yogurt noma iyiphi ingxenye isitshalo.