Isonto Ordinary. Emlandweni wamasonto abavamile eRussia

Kusukela kwamukelwa lapho ubuKristu e-Russia umqondo Orthodox kuqhame ukubaluleka orientation we ethnos Russian futhi sahlala endaweni ukhiye e njalo ngomzuzu empilweni ikholwa. Yingakho endabeni yokulondoloza emzaneni noma idolobha enhlekeleleni futhi ukwazisa uzowanqoba isitha zamakholwa zaqala ukwakha izimpawu zenkolo endaweni yesehlakalo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngakho, uhlobo olusha kokwakhiwa kwethempeli Orthodox - nsuku zonke zesonto.

ISonto njengoba Umhlahlandlela engabonakali yomuntu

Umlando esonto kwansuku eRussia owaqala ngokuvukela 996, lapho Grand Duke uVladimir, waphunyuka iqembu kusukela Pechenegs ngaphansi isembozo kwebhuloho, ngokuvumelana isithembiso, kwakhiwa kule ndawo ethempelini.

Nokho, ukwanda kweziteshi amasonto ezivamile izakhiwo zethempeli e laseRussia laqala kuphela 14 ngasekupheleni - maphakathi no-15 leminyaka, lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi asebenzayo amasimu Pskov futhi Novgorod.

Umqondo "isonto kwansuku" - ne nokugqamisa ku ilunga lesithathu - kuvula kwencazelo izakhiwo zethempeli, wadala ngosuku olulodwa, - "ingenye usuku."

Indawo ingokomoya ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

ngesilinganiso okunjalo eliphezulu ukwakhiwa yesonto kungenxa umthetho elula - esontweni kuba "ukuhlanza" indawo evundile kuphela ngemva yokwahlukaniselwa yayo, ngakho ukusebenza ezakhiweni zalo akagcini umzuzu owodwa isonto zezwe kuze kube sekupheleni ukwakhiwa kanye yokwahlukaniselwa lahlala bavikelekile amabutho ezimbi. Isenzo lilonke ukwakhiwa, kubuye eqinile ngokomoya futhi esingokwenyama isiqinisekiso esongeziwe lesibambiso yenqubo kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhonza njengephayona abantu yokubuthanela towards umusa waphezulu. Enye yalezi amathempeli, amakhulukhulu abantu babuthana, ngomzuzwana imbuthuma umusa, kuyinto iSonto Eliya abavamile eMoscow.

Dala ithempeli ukubonga lokulondoloza

Zonke amathempeli abavamile zidalwe njengezifanekiselo usizo lwaphezulu lokulabhela kungokwamakholwa. wadala Njalo amathempeli nsukuzonke imbangela enkulu - ngokuvumelana nesithembiso abantu, owanikwa propitiate Nkulunkulu, sifulathele abantu of izinhlekelele nezinhlekelele. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nenhlupho wobuntu 1390 eNovgorod, egameni oNgcwele uBaba Athanasius ngosuku olulodwa eyayibekwe, futhi ibandla busisa John nkosi. Okufanayo esontweni lakhe elimiswe Pskov ngesikhathi lesi sifo 1407 pskovityane.

E-Moscow ngo-1553, ngesikhathi umqedazwe isifo, IV Ivan le Kubi abagqoke amasonto amabili ngokhuni, eligoqiwe ngosuku olulodwa ngayingcwelisa behlonipha St. Christopher futhi Kirilla Belozorskogo. Kwakuwusuku irekhodi lokuqala emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke novogorodskih, obhekisela ukwakhiwa amasonto ezivamile ngomyalo Grand Duke.

Ngokomlando, ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa bokwakha isonto Russian

isonto Ordinary ku inqubo ukwakhiwa yakhe lihlukile Orthodox isonto lokhuni noma itshe. I joinery ezikhethekile workshop ngaphambilini ekhiqizwa ingxenye esiyinhlanganisela isonto, bese endaweni efanele futhi ngosuku olulodwa isakhiwo sonke ngokushesha kakhulu ngokuya. Yiqiniso, ngenxa compactness yayo, isonto kwansuku ayikwazanga abantu engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Nokho, inani besonto kuyinto lesifunda umphakathi naphakathi, wondliwa umpristi oyedwa.

Ngo sama walo wanamuhla esonto kwansuku kungaba okusezingeni eliphezulu - ngamamitha ayi-15, 80 square metres futhi angazamukela kuze kube abakhulekeli 150 - futhi ongaphakeme, obude kuyinto 12 metres, kodwa endaweni - square metres 49 kuphela.

isonto Ngokhuni wenziwe laminated yokwakha yaseGrisi amapulangwe noma izingodo. Modern isonto kwansuku kaningi ngaphezu not ibekwe esisekelweni, futhi yakhiwa kulesi cubes ukhonkolo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwawo esifundeni entsha ezisemadolobheni noma yasemakhaya ibalwa nsuku lwesikhashana, uzitshela ukunyakaza sethempeli endaweni entsha e ukwakhiwa yesonto elidala unomphela isilungisiwe. ethempelini Novopostavlenny futhi kudinga isikhathi imvula endaweni entsha.

ERussia yesimanje, isonto ezimatasa kwansuku elakhiwa Ekude naseSiberia, ngenxa inaccessibility zalezi zindawo indinganiso impahla ukwakhiwa kanye nesikhathi esifushane onyakeni, edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe esontweni itshe.

Ukuhlobisa kanye iconography kwansuku Russian sesonto lobu-Orthodox

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, abefundisi eziningi abayinakanga umhlobiso ingaphakathi lethempeli, sifisa ukuqeda ngokweqile okunethezeka WaseByzantium, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubheka ezinesizotha yizicukuthwane, bemisa ibandla kudingeka indlela onesizotha futhi unake ukushaya amakhono abadwebi kanye abakhi.

Ngakho-ke, naphezu kweminyaka engaphezu ukubukeka nesizotha, isonto kwansuku uyisibonelo omangalisayo bokwakha isonto isiRashiya, anabamemezeli iconostasis Orthodox, i ngentambo zangaphandle emaphikweni emnyango futhi domes akhazimulayo.

Yiqiniso, izinto isiko - wempepho, ifonti, esiphambanweni, ikhandlela - labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe emahhovisi Diocesan.

Umpristi uyababusisa isithonjana noma waphonsa njengoba amalungu esonto isipho noma lesifunda isebenzisa izinkonzo esigcwele abadwebi.

Eliya I kwansuku - abavikela ongabonakali abantu Russian

maqondana Special futhi ukuhlonipha abantu Russian uyawuthanda u-Eliya umprofethi, ngubani kubhekwa ongumvikeli amasosha, abashayeli bezindiza namabutho sisemoyeni yeRussia.

Eliya, nomProfethi, phakathi nokuphila kwakhe i exposer oshisekayo wemikhuba yomuntu, umlweli kwabafelokazi umphindiseli esongelayo wobulungisa, ukubulawa kwabo abapristi bakaBali UYahweh uJehova nesomiso nemvula. Ngo-Russian ku Day ka-Eliya, kugujwa ngo-August 2, kwenqatshelwe umsebenzi, kanye enkolelweni yokuthi imimoya emibi bangena emanzini, ngakho kuze kube unyaka ozayo sinqatshiwe ahlambe. Kwaba usuku emadilini umndeni, okuyinto ezifundazweni eziningi kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe iposi isonto lonke.

Ithempeli ka-Eliya ezejwayelekile eMoscow

amasonto Bit banomlando omude we trohvekovuyu, ngesikhathi lapho ngezikhathi waya yimali futhi zakhiwa kabusha. Enye yalezi amasonto kuyinto iSonto Eliya, nomProfethi evamile eMoscow. Umlando walo, leli thempeli kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-16, lapho le ndawo esontweni sokhuni Grand Prince Vasily III, ngokwesithembiso Yakhiwa - "kwansuku", "Obydenko" - kangaka okuthiwa isonto uMprofethi Eliya kwansuku zonke.

Ngo-1611 isonto lashiswa amabutho Polish, e 1612 kwakukhona endlunkulu Dmitriya Pozharskogo. Ekhulwini le-17 liye yayisebenza njengenkantolo yesonto esemthethweni yamakhosi, lapho futhi wanikela imithandazo imvula lapho lomisile.

Ngo 1706, umabhalane umkhandlu Gavriil Fodorovich Derevnin nomfowabo Basil lavuselelwa Church ka-Eliya futhi kwansuku, endaweni lapho kamuva sangcwatshwa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, isihlalo sobukhosi esikhulu ezibandayo umprofethi u-Eliya Yakhiwa Refectory isonto efudumele ukuba abathandazele the nobusika, okuyinto yabhidlika kabana ngomlilo lakhiwa kabutjha 1753.

Manje ngaphakathi ezindongeni zethempeli embozwe imidwebo omangalisayo, ikakhulu ngezihloko ezivela kokuphila lomprofethi u-Eliya. Ebandleni kuyizinto ezingcwele St Augustine Kovrov futhi isithonjana Our Lady of Kazan.

Kusukela 1917 isonto nakancane ivaliwe. Nge nomlando wayo ocebile kuba hhayi kuphela isampula isithonjana Russian umdwebo bese izakhiwo esikoleni, kodwa futhi ube yindawo kakhulu ukudluliselwa kolwazi engcwele - at iSonto Eliya, nomProfethi, has a umtapo, ihholo inkulumo kanye sikole wesonto.