ONgcwele Dormition Isigodlo Sviyazhsk

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVI, nge ukunemba ikakhulukazi eRussia zalwa umzabalazo nomakhelwane wakhe nolaka - yaseKazan Khanate. Ukuze impi required ukwesekwa base okuthembekile, futhi ukuze enze lokhu, ngo-1551, ngaphambi nje kokuba bamba Kazan Ivanom Groznym, yasungulwa edolobheni inqaba Sviyazhsk. Indawo ekhethiwe ngaye emlonyeni Sviyagi. Ngokushesha, idolobha lwakhula lwaba isikhungo wesifunda, futhi 1555 ke kusungulwa cloister lezindela, eyaziwa kamuva ngokuthi kweNyuka Sviazhsky Monastery.

Kumila Kazan bhishobhi kanye sezindela

Unyaka ka isisekelo sezindela kwaphawula esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile empilweni esifundeni - Ngenxa yokuthi kwase kumiswe Kazan besifunda-bhishobhi. Lokhu kwenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ekunqobeni ekhazimulayo izingalo isiRashiya, uqede ukubusa Tatar khans loMfula i-iVolga. Kule ndaba, Isigodlo yasungulwa lapha kufanele iyisikhungo imisebenzi engokomoya, ezemfundo nesithunywa sevangeli. Akhe gijimi past amabili eminyaka, bethwele ukukhanya zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni kulo lonke Ephakathi iVolga esifundeni.

Umuntu owasungula le sezindela kanye li lwayo lokuqala kwaba Archimandrite Herman (Sadyrov Field). Ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe Isigodlo sakhula futhi ngaqina emzimbeni. Ngezikhathi zothuthuva kakhulu. Broken eduze Kazan AmaTatar ehlakazekile emhlabeni futhi zenziwe iqoqo lezigilamkhuba agasele emizini ezungezile. Hhayi esasisetshenzelwa nezifiki kuleli cloister, kuphazamisekile umthandazo, ukuba bathathe izikhali.

I ezincisha injabulo enkulu, Archimandrite Herman

ngendlela ephawulekayo kakhulu senkonzo wokwelusa, lidlule Archimandrite Herman. Ukushiya nabo isikhathi ezisekelwe Sviazhsky Isigodlo, wahola bonke Kazan bhishobhi, ekubeni umbhishobhi yayo yesibili. Ngo-1566, ngomyalo wabaholi Ivana Groznogo, wafika e Moscow, lapho ecelwa ukuba bakhuphukele eMoscow umnyango wedolobha esikhundleni bawela lokungamukelwa bobukhosi Metropolitan Philip.

Nokho, kusukela udumo omkhulu onje, futhi enqaba, sicheme nombhishobhi ahlaza laqala ukugxeka ububi obenziwa izikhonzi tsarist. Kude esigodlweni ngokushesha, Archimandrite waqeda inkambo yakhe yasemhlabeni ngo-1567. Izimo sokufa kwakhe zisekhona akucacile. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo wabulawa, futhi ngakolunye - ushonile ngesikhathi umqedazwe isifo.

Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wesigodlo lokuqala sezindela wakhazinyuliswa e ubuso abangcwele, futhi ngo-1592 izinsalela lakhe ibingamashumi shrine eyinhloko yesigodlo. Incwadi kweNyuka Cathedral, lapho bebehlala khona wembelwa, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde okuningi amarekhodi, siyafakaza ukuthi izimangaliso uzambulele imithandazo amakholwa futhi izindela ngokwabo.

Iminyaka ukuchuma Isigodlo

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Isigodlo kufanele kubhekwe XVI-XVIII eminyaka. Kulezi emakhulwini amabili Sviyazhsk Monastery iyona abacebe lonke Ephakathi iVolga futhi kwaba ngisho phakathi amabili yokuchuma okukhulu eRussia. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi kubhekwa Archimandrite ukubaluleka lwesikhombisa isimo. Endaweni eyayithengwe Isigodlo kuya maphakathi nekhulu XVIII, ababehlala futhi besebenza kuzo 7.200 abalimi besilisa. Inani elifanayo kubo kwakungekaNkulunkulu lonke zezindela we Kazan bhishobhi ndawonye.

Efuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, futhi ngokuningilizwe kangaka: Sviazhsky sezindela possessed wokunyathelisa, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukushicilela izincwadi yesonto kokuba baqale ukwenza amaphayona eMoscow Ivan Fyodorov. imikhiqizo yabo ezihlukahlukene nezindleko yezwe. Lapho 1764 eMbusweni Russian owawuse kabusha lezindela, le Sviazhsky oNgcwele Dormition Monastery ingezwe ekilasini lokuqala, okuyinto kubhekwa aphakeme. Inhlonipho enjalo i ukhishwa kuphela nguye yedwa kuzo zonke zezindela we Kazan besifunda-bhishobhi. Kuphela emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane nambili ukuthi bahluke efanayo hola Virgin Monastery e Kazan.

Inkathi inkolo kwamazwe isonto

Nezinguquko ngenhla lwenteke uCatherine II, ngaphambi ukwehla waqala abacebile ukuqhakaza abode. Ikakhulu abadlale indima futhi waphawula kule nkathi, ngokuvumelana nesimo sokwehla komnotho wedolobha Sviyazhsk, kanye phansi kulandela sabantu. Nokho, isizathu esiyinhloko kwenziwa nguhulumeni we inkolo kwamazwe Izigodlo.

Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi kokubusa kwakhe uCatherine II waphishekela umgomo okuhloswe ngaso wayencisha kungenzeka ithonya isonto ezindabeni isimo. Enye indlela yokufinyelela lo mgomo kwakuwukunciphisa ezomnotho zabantu amathempeli nezigodlo zezindela. Kuze kube yimanje, i-Manifesto yanyatheliswa Februwari 24, 1764 owawuthi lidlule ku ubunikazi isimo wonke amazwe isonto.

Kweminyaka eminingi yokwehla ka wezindela nokuqala inguquko

Bancishwa ngaleyo ndlela izinto oyinhloko wemali, Sviazhsky Assumption Monastery kancane kancane waqala ukuthatha izikhundla zabo. Engingakusho nje ukuthi isibalo izakhamuzi zakhona, kanye abangaphezu kwekhulu izindela izimfundamakhwela ziyaye, ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX lancipha amabili nanhlanu, futhi amazinga okuphila kwaba ngaphansana kwezinye zezindela we Kazan besifunda-bhishobhi.

Iminyaka eyalandela inguquko, baletha nabo asemrarweni lonke Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Mina yayiphumula futhi Sviyazhsk Monastery. Umphathi wakhe wokugcina, uMbhishobhi u-Ambrose (imisindo) zibulale isixuku esingahlelekile yamasosha. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, ngesikhathi izwe ekugcineni wasanguluka ngu ubuhlanya ezikhuthaza ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, yena abagcotshwa, futhi umhlaba kawumazanga njengoba ukholo olusha Ambrose.

Inkathi orgy yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

Phakathi neminyaka uNkulunkulu akekho umbuso edolobheni Sviyazhsk waba ekamu endaweni okuqinile. umzimba Izigodlo kanye eduze kubo amathempeli zaphangwa nomdlavuza nge izinsalela ngokungabhubhiyo St Herman wavuleka, bawona. Esikhathini sezindela iminyaka eminingi ibekwe khona manje kuleli koloni ngoba delinquents juvenile le ukukhoseliswa uhlanya. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo izinkinga, endaweni enkulu eduze nayo edolobheni ngemva ukwakhiwa kwalesi Kuibyshev kwesigubhu wawudla izindwali futhi Sviyazhsk babe isiqhingi.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Kuphela obhekwe Ezikhathini zanamuhla, lapho ebandla aqala zibuyiselwe aphucwe impahla yakhe ngokungemthetho, zonke izakhiwo, ezazihlanganisa Sviazhsky sezindela waphindiselwa amakholwa. Okuwukuphela kwaba ingxenye encane, okuyinto eyaba yingxenye Museum-reserve. It uye wakhonza njengomdala evundile okungamila kuyo imvuselelo komuzi. Amathempeli abuyiselwe uqalisiwe kanye kuphazamisekile zesonto bese wahlamba phezu ukukhala emfuleni Sviyaga we izinsimbi sezindela.

sezindela ezikhangayo

ONgcwele Assumption Monastery Sviazhsky idume Luhambo zako ezisemqoka - elidala St Nicholas Church. Nanguya yobudala efanayo njengoba iningi sezindela nokwakhiwa yayo sihlehlela emuva ngonyaka 1756. Ngilimise ka abaziweyo limestone igenge Pskov amakhosi eliholwa Ivan Shiryaev. Ngemva konyaka, insimbi wakhe umbhoshongo ingezwe ku ukuphakama imitha-43. Isakhiwo sesonto kuyinto cell lapho bebahlala ngowokuqala wesigodlo ka wezindela - St Herman. Kusukela Umlando we izakhamuzi zangaphambili Isigodlo kuyaziwa ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi kokuba Revolution, laqhubeka izinto zakhe.

Cathedral eziseduze kweNyuka lakhiwa iminyaka emihlanu kuphela kamuva, St Nicholas Church. Ngenhla kwakungisiza amakhosi efanayo Pskov. Ezinye izinguquko ayenziwe phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu eyalandela. Ukuze lokhu ingezwe ingxenye Refectory kanye sigubhu isilinda octagonal cross kwesigaba. Ngaphambili wayekade Dome nangesigqoko emise salandelwa nenhle ngaphezulu, e isitayela Ukrainian Baroque. Ngisho eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva lesi sakhiwo enamathiselwe kompheme.

Nokho, isici esiyinhloko esontweni sigcinwe kuwo lo nemidwebo inkathi Ivana Groznogo. ilukuluku okunjalo namanje kuphela endaweni eyodwa - sesonto ensimini Engcwele isimo Monastery e Yaroslavl. Abagxeki baveza ukuthi udonga imidwebo kwalesi sikhathi ezingajwayelekile kakhulu.

Kukhona amasampula ngaphambili Ubhale ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, kodwa ngekhulu XVI ushiye kulokhu uyifa okuncane kakhulu. Ngaphezu ukubaluleka yayo ngomlando nangamagugu obuciko we nemidwebo Cathedral futhi abe esingokwemvelo isici kuphela kubo engavamile: ngasentshonalanga odongeni, lapho athathwa ukumela esihogweni zonke izimfanelo zalo, e Cathedral of kweNyuka zaveza ipharadesi yesehlakalo, zona ngokwazo kudala isimo esihle kumbuki.

Compound zabesifazane Sviyazhsk Monastery

Edolobheni, ngaphandle Isigodlo, kuxoxwa okwakubekelwa, wawusegunjini eyodwa ngaphezulu - insikazi Sviazhsky Ivanovsky Sezindela. Ubelokhu umiswa ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Itholakala inhliziyo Sviyazhsk e Cathedral Square. Nokho, kungakabiphi, kwadingeka akhuthazelele uchungechunge umlilo ezinamandla, izindela waya kwelinye izwe, ngokubanika Igumbi okwakungokwenkosi ezaqedwa phambi zintathu-uSergiyu Monastery.

Namuhla esigodlweni ayizange savuka injalo manje, futhi owesifazane kuphela uSanta uJohane Compound Baptist Sviyazhsky sezindela besilisa. Nokho, zonke izinkonzo zesonto ziqhutshwa kuwo kuze kube sezingeni ebekwe charter seSonto. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akagcini ukubuyiselwa Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo ethempelini. Life wabuyela sezindela sasendulo, futhi izindonga zawo wokungenisa izihambi balinde bonke abafisa ukuza Gxila emhlabeni ethakazelisayo zakudala Orthodox.