Thrombocytopenia Ezinganeni: Ubangela, Izimpawu, Ihlahlubo, Ukwelashwa

izingane eziningi kakhulu muva nje ahlupheke izifo ezingathi sína, okuyinto ngokuvamile zibulale ukuthuthuka kwazo. Vele ambalwa eminyaka adlule, bambalwa abantu wayezwile yalesi sifo, thrombocytopenia, futhi manje abaningi ngokuvamile ezitholakele izinsana. Kodwa kuyini ngempela thrombocytopenia ezinganeni ukuthi kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa yayo nendlela ukuthi kuziveza?

Thrombocytopenia Kuyini lokhu zokugula?

Thrombocytopenia - lokhu kuyinto isifo engavamile futhi engaqondakali engaveza njengoba izimpawu ngasocansini ezinye sína futhi eziyingozi ukuze zokugula kwabantu (umdlavuza,-HIV) noma isifo ezimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo kungase ukuzibonakalisa ngesimo komzimba nezinto yiluphi uhlobo lomcebo. Futhi, lesi sifo ingathinta abantu ababusebenzisa kabi utshwala, noma ukuthola umthamo omkhulu yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Kulesi sisekelo, singaphetha ngokuthi thrombocytopenia ezinganeni kanye nabantu abadala kungadalwa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, futhi kuphela udokotela abanolwazi futhi yesimanje izindlela zokuxilonga ukuvumela ukwazi kahle ukuthi senziwa ngendlela ayebukeka ngayo.

Thrombocytopenia ebuntwaneni - kuyinto zokugula, lapho indoda platelet encishisiwe ukubala, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, banesibopho egazini ekunqandeni ukopha. Ama-platelet I - platelet wukuthi ephula ubuqotho kobuso rush umkhumbi kuyo lesion leli nxeba ivaliwe, ephumula ukopha.

Yini ekwenza uphelelwe ukubukeka thrombocytopenia ezinganeni?

Ngokuvamile thrombocytopenia ezinganeni isici azalwa naso, isibonelo, njengengxenye syndromes Bernard - Soulier, Viskota - Aldrich syndrome, Fanconi nabanye. Futhi ebuntwaneni lesi sifo kungabangela umsebenzi ethuthukisiwe ye ubende - hypersplenism. Futhi bonke ngenxa yokuthi lokhu umzimba lapho amangqamuzana egazi, wachitha isikhathi sakhe, kabusha.

Encishisiwe platelet count kungase kubonise ukuthi umuntu onomdlavuza igazi. Lapho hematopoietic umnkantsha kuphele ngokuphelele zonke izinqubo ngesikhathi esifanayo isiguli alivumi nezinye izingxenye zegazi.

Ukwahlukaniswa thrombocytopenia

Lesi sifo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• Primary - ephelezelwa kuphela ukubonakala thrombotic syndrome, kuyilapho ezinye izitho zangaphakathi lesi sifo bengekho. Thrombocytopenia purpura, idiopathic futhi hemolytic uremic syndrome - kungcono zokugula amafomu eyinhloko.
• Secondary obonakala njengenhlangano yezinkinga we zokugula engaphansi, njenge-HIV, isibindi sibe sesomile noma ene-leukemia.

Kuye ngokuthi ingxenye mzimba izimbangela thrombocytopenia noma cha ukwaba amafomu amabili ngaphezulu samanje:

• thrombocytopenia Immune - livela ukubhujiswa okusheshayo platelet bedle kwamasosha omzimba. Kuleli zinga, omzimba omuntu ayiyingeni platelet luwathathe ngoba nomzimba angaphandle futhi ukhiqiza amasotsha omzimba ngokumelene nabo ukuthi zivimba kubo, kanjalo sibe sibi nakakhulu futhi isimo esinzima kangaka isiguli.
• ifomu Nonimmune angagcina uma kwenzeka umonakalo mechanical kuya izinhlayiya zegazi, ngokuvamile iningi kwenzeka ngesikhathi kunyatheliswa extracorporeal, noma isifo Marchiafava - Micheli.

Ngokuvamile kuba thrombocytopenia mzimba kubonakala izingane, ulwahlukanise ngemacembu eziningana.

Amaqembu thrombocytopenia mzimba

Ingabe 4 amaqembu eyinhloko thrombocytopenia mzimba:

1. Isoimmune - ifomu lapho platelet kuthiwa libhujiswa ukungavumelani omunye izinhlelo lwegazi. Kungase kube ngenxa umamukeli ukumpontshelwa ne-platelet ngabafokazi phambi amasosha noma Ukungena amasosha ingane ngokusebenzisa esibelethweni sikamama ngokujovwa.
2. Transimmunnaya - kwenzeka uma umama autoantibodies, ohlushwa ifomu sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, idlule placenta nangemuva kokuzalwa ngokushesha wabonakaliswa thrombocytopenia e neonates.
3. Geteroimmunnaya - leli qembu lihlotshaniswa nokwahluleka isakhiwo antigenic ka-platelet, okuyinto kuthonywa igciwane noma ukuvela uhlobo olusha omzimba.
4. Sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba - iqembu lapho amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa ngokumelene komuntu uhlobo siqu lwamasosha omzimba oluvame unmodified.

Kodwa lokho kuphakamisa ukubukeka kwalesi sifo, elibangela phambili kuso, ngaphandle isici esiwufuzo?

Izimbangela thrombocytopenia

Ngokuvamile thrombocytopenia ezinganeni kungenziwa senziwa izinto ezifana:

• amanani ezinganele ka izakhi mkhondo emzimbeni.
• Ukudakwa.
• Ukusabela iguliswa imikhiqizo nezwe.
• inqubo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba emzimbeni.
• Enye zokugula ngokuvamile i-HIV, isifo sokusha noma ene-leukemia.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela isifo futhi umthelela izici zangaphandle ebangela izifo uyayibonisa yini, kungase futhi avuse umuthi okunikezwe isiguli.

Yini imithi kungase kubangele ukuthuthukiswa thrombocytopenia?

Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa, nososayensi eziningi ucwaningo, ngokuvamile thrombocytopenia ezinsaneni livela ngenxa imithi elandelayo amaqembu:

• Imithi elwa namagciwane ngokuvamile "Chloramphenicol" noma sulfonamides.
• Isisu - "Furosemide" noma "Hydrochlorothiazide".
• Anticonvulsant "Phenobarbital".
• Antipsychotics - "prochlorperazine" noma "meprobamate."
• izidakamizwa Antithyroid - "Tiamazol".
• Izidakamizwa ngokumelene sikashukela - "glibenclamide" futhi "Glipizide".
• izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala - "Indomethacin".

Kodwa yini le izimpawu zingase zibonise ukuthi isiguli thrombocytopenia?

symptomatology lesi sifo

Manifest kuzo zonke isiguli kungase kudingeke ezahlukene thrombocytopenia, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa, ngaleyo ndlela futhi ngabanye, kodwa ezikhathini eziningi abantu abaningi izimpawu zifana kakhulu:

• Nokopha esikhumbeni futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Kubonakaliswa ngesimo nezimagqabhagqabha obomvu owayemude encane. Ziyakwazi kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni lapho izingubo bazokwenza lokho nakuBafana kakhulu umzimba. Lezi izindawo musa ubuhlungu noma yimuphi ukungakhululeki, musa aphume ashone ngaphezu ebusweni isikhumba noma nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Kungaba iphuzu bayigubungele izindawo ezinkulu. Ungase futhi ithola obomvu, oluhlaza noma umbala ogqamile aphuzi luhlaza olimele.
• umongozima njalo. Acinene mucosa ngobuningi enikeziwe ngegazi, futhi inani elikhulu capillary abanazo. Ngenxa zokunciphisa kumiswa platelet anda capillary fragility, ngaleyo ndlela noma imuphi sneezing, imihuzuko noma imikhuhlane angase avuse ukopha ukuthi ingahlala imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-10.

• Ukopha izinsini. Abantu abaningi ngesikhathi ukuxubha amazinyo akho avele ukopha encane, kodwa neziguli, lokhu uphawu kakhulu liphinyiselwe ezindaweni athuthukile ngaphezulu izinsini ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele.
• Ukopha esiswini namathumbu. Kuphakama ngenxa fragility yegazi, futhi kungase kumkhathaze ngisho kubo nokwamukela ukudla okuqinile. Ngenxa yalokho, igazi lungaphuma ne indle.
• Igazi emchamweni. Lokhu uphawu livela ngoba ukuthi ukopha mucosa kwesinye kanye pheshana urinary okukhiphayo.
• nezikhathi eziningi eside kakhulu emantombazaneni. Ubude ejwayelekile umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uwubufakazi izinsuku 3-5, futhi ngenyanga thrombocytopenia okungatheni kungase kuhlale izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu eside, ngaphandle ukopha esindayo.
• ukopha Long emva ukukhishwa izinyo. Enkulumweni yayo evamile ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20, uyama, futhi uma isiguli kutholakala thrombocytopenia, kungaba isikhathi eside, futhi bonke ngenxa yokuthi i-platelet emzimbeni incane, futhi akakwazi ukubhekana umsebenzi ngokushesha.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ungaba izimbangela ezahlukahlukene kakhulu thrombocytopenia. Futhi ukwelashwa ngalinye akhethiwe ngamunye. Lesi sifo kungavuka futhi nezimpawu isici isifo, ukuba amenze. Ngesikhathi uphethwe yabo kumele kubhekwe.

izindlela zokuxilonga

Uma udokotela wabona isiguli izimpawu sici sifo, into yokuqala abamisa CBC, lapho ufuna ukwazi ezingeni izinhlayiyana zegazi. Nakani inani izinkomba nezinye umzimba - amangqamuzana abomvu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Lokho kwencazelo platelet count futhi indlela eyinhloko izifo ezifana nesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi, e izingane ezingaphansi konyaka ubudala nangaphezulu.

Okwamanje, bonke abantu abane-HIV bayelulekwa ukuthi banikele njalo segazi. Odokotela batusa ukuba baphumelele ekuhlolweni njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi ukuthatha ezingasho ngaphandle test jikelele: phezu isimo somzimba sokuzivikela futhi wegciwane.

Kukhona 5 eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuqaliswa ukuhlola:

• Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela noma yiziphi izinkomba ezisheshe ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni.
• Ukungabi bikho izimpawu amafomu lezinceku thrombocytopenia.
• Uma izihlobo asymptomatic.
• glucocorticosteroid ngempumelelo e izinhlobo ezithile zokwelapha ukungabi imithamo.
• Uma kungenzeka, ukukhomba platelet amasosha omzimba.

Kodwa indlela yokuphatha thrombocytopenia ezinganeni, yini izindlela ziyasebenza? Imithi yendabuko kuka lingasiza uphethwe futhi akunjalo?

izindlela zokwelapha i-thrombocytopenia

ukwelashwa isiguli thrombocytopenia kuyinto encike ngqo kwi Kungaziphi izizathu eziye zaholela ekubeni ubone lokhu egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. uphethwe yini kuphela ivumela ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngaphezulu. Namuhla, odokotela basebenzisa ongakhetha eziningana ekwelashweni:

• Imithi.
• Surgery.
• izindlela Ukwelashwa abantu.

Kwezinye izimo ukwelapha lesi sifo akudingeki, ke uhamba. Ngokwesibonelo, thrombocytopenia yesibili, omnene izingane ukwehla okuncane platelet ibala. Kulesi simo, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze esigulini kuphela Vitamin eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi Amalungiselelo oluqinisayo jikelele zomzimba.

Njengoba kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, obani abathola lesi sifo, ngaleso sikhathi banaso lesi sifo nokunakwa kakhulu akufanele kube. Abesifazane bakha umntwana, ngokuvamile uhlushwa yokuthi baye ziyancipha kakhulu amazinga platelet egazini. Ngemva kokubeletha, futhi abanye, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ezingeni kula maseli zibuyele kokujwayelekile ngaphandle iyiphi indlela yokwelapha. Uyingozi kakhulu thrombocytopenia mzimba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba aphathe kahle.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa thrombocytopenia mzimba

ifomu Immune lesi sifo ubhekwa ezimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu, yena futhi ezivamile. Utfutfukisa zokugula ku isizinda uhlelo somzimba sokuzivikela saba buthaka kubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi ingane iyagula nge umkhuhlane, SARS noma iziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela lolu hlobo sifo angase abe abaphathi ongalawuleki nodokotela izidakamizwa.

Ngaphandle mzimba ifomu sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba ezivamile, okuyinto futhi kuphakama kusukela ukwehluleka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Ukwelapha lokhu isifo, avame ukuncoma noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa immunosuppressive. Futhi, Udokotela angase anikeze isiguli imithi glucocorticosteroid, ngoba sibonga kubo ukuthi ukubala platelet luyanda.

Ezimweni lapho thrombocytopenia kwabangelwa igciwane noma ukutheleleka kwasekuqaleni ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa ukwehla count platelet. Mhlawumbe, emva kokwelashwa, zonke ubuyela evamile.

lekubukana nemfundzi ngamunye, abanegciwane iziguli. Ngakho nje kudingeka abazali ukuqapha ngokucophelela impilo yabo futhi ngokuqinile zonke izincomo udokotela.

Kwezinye izimo, ekwelapheni thrombocytopenia ukuncoma ukuhlinzwa, okungukuthi ukususwa ubende. Kodwa le ndlela ibizwa yakhetha kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma isiguli has a ingozi ebangela ukopha. Njengoba kuboniswe, iningi lezingane emva kokuhlinzwa, uma ngakuthatha imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Kodwa hhayi imithi yendabuko kuphela kusiza ekwelapheni ukuba izindlela eziphumelelayo futhi ethandwa.

izindlela Traditional ekwelapheni thrombocytopenia

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa thrombocytopenia nezingane amakhambi abantu unika imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kahle uwoyela Sesame. It ulawula ezingeni izinhlayiyana zegazi. It nje sidla ukudla by izikhathi 10 amagremu ezintathu ngosuku.

Iphinde kusiza nekufakwa Verbena. It ibhalwe kanje: 5 g Verbena abilisiwe amanzi, zihambisana ithawula futhi bavunyelwe sokunika imizuzu 30. Take it enyangeni eyodwa ingilazi ngosuku in izingxenye ezincane.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana izinyathelo ukusiza bazivikele thrombocytopenia.

zokuvimbela

Lezo zingane abagulayo kakade noma ukuthambekela ngalokhu kugula, kumelwe uhambisane izinyathelo:

• Gwema noma isiphi isimo singaholela ekulimaleni.
• Abazali kudingeka ulungise ukudla kwezingane.
• Ungathathi "aspirin" nezinye izidakamizwa bohlanga non-steroidal izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala.

Abazali kumele bagade ngokucophelela lokho okushiwo yizingane zabo udla kusiphi isitolo, nemithi ukuba linqume udokotela. Esikhungweni impilo ngisho ne udokotela umkhuhlane ukwelapha kumelwe baqaphe uphethwe etholakalayo.

isiphetho

Efingqa, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi kuphela lo mkhosi njalo kuzo zonke izincomo udokotela, zonke izidakamizwa izinyathelo kuzosiza ingane thrombocytopenia beneme futhi abazibheki lophetse. Banezingane ezinjalo kufanele ngonanzelelo abantwana babo njalo aziholele luhlolo ngudokotela. Eqinisweni, ezweni lakithi eziningi ezinjalo seziguli ezisencane, kodwa ukuphila ngokuphelele, futhi lesi sifo akazihluphi kubo.