1. izimiso yokuQala kaPetru uPetru isimemezelo izimiso 1. Petru 1 ezihlekisayo

Ngoba umuntu nesithakazelo emlandweni isimo isiRashiya, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwadingeka abhekane nalawo ezilula lapho namuhla zingabangane ezinye izimiso uPetru 1. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana nezinqumo eziningi ezingalindelekile we wezinguquko yinkosi owaphenduka impilo yomphakathi yezwe ekupheleni XVII - ekuqaleni eminyaka XVIII lokho okubizwa ngokuthi esiphendula esibhekisa phansi.

Namuhla Petru 1 oda kufundvwe ezikoleni kanye emayunivesithi. On ezinye zazo wenziwa inhlekisa, ngamunye ibonwa njengento enhle. Kodwa lokhu kusebenza kulesi sikhathi samanje. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, le mibhalo kwakungokomnikelo iningi "lokuhlambalaza futhi diabolism."

Ezinye izinqumo yenkosi, isibonelo, i-isimemezelo ku primogeniture Petru 1 kwaholela acebe izingobe. Okunye abathintekayo imfashini, umnotho kanye nebutho lempi. Ngokungangabazeki kunendlela eyodwa kuphela: inkosi izindlela eqinile nakho ngeke kusize uzama ukuvuselela umphakathi amile isikhathi sakhe.

oda ngokulandelana

Omunye izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu emlandweni isimo isibe isimemezelo ku primogeniture uPetru 1. It yanyatheliswa ngo-1722. I dokhumenti kushintshile zonke izisekelo amandla. Manje ngineminyaka engu-hhayi indlalifa endala emkhayeni, futhi ozokwenza amise owayezomlandela eliphathelene nobukhosi bakhe.

Isinqumo ukulandelana Petru 1 kukhanselwe kuphela uMbusi uPawulu mina e 1797. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo sezinguqulo eziningi zesigodlo amasu okugumbuqela imibuso, ukubulala kanye nozungu. Nakuba ekuqaleni wakhulelwa uPetru njengoba isilinganiso izifo ngokumelene kwemizwelo olandelanayo abantu abenza awanelisekile nezinguquko.

unyaka omusha

Siphakamisa ukuba ucabangele oda ethandwa kakhulu kaPetru 1. Mhlawumbe kakhulu owaziwa samanje kukhona imithetho emibili: ekugubheni unyaka omusha nentshebe. On the yesibili Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi. Njengoba esinqumweni kuqala, bese, ngokwentando yenkosi, kusukela 1700, e kwezikhathi Russia lidlule ngendlela yaseYurophu.

Lokho manje unyaka akazange aqale ngo-September, futhi lokuqala luka-January. Uma kubalwa izikhathi kusuke uqhutshwa kusukela esikhathini sokuzalwa kukaKristu, hhayi kusukela ekudalweni kwemhlaba njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ngakho, esikhundleni ngenyanga yesine ka 7208, kuye kwaba kuqala 1700.

nesilevu

Mhlawumbe emisha edume kunazo Russian Tsar ngemva kokubuya kwakhe yeYurophu wafika ukubakhela izintshebe. Okulandelayo uzonikezwa oda eziningi Petru 1, ezihlekisayo kanye sina. Kodwa akekho kubo oye wabangela intukuthelo ezinjalo phakathi boyars, njengaleli.

Ngakho, ngo-ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha iduna oneminyaka engu-eqoqwe abameleli imikhaya ezihloniphekayo, wathatha isikele nginqume ezinye intshebe. Izenzo ezinjalo uhlome umphakathi ku ukushaqeka.

Kodwa inkosi esencane akagcinanga lapho. Yena ufuna intela izintshebe. Noma ubani efuna ukugcina izinwele ebusweni, kwadingeka ukuba ukhokhe imali ethile njalo ngonyaka endaweni yomcebo.

Ngakho, ukwazi kwaba ruble angamakhulu ayisithupha ngonyaka, abathengisi - ikhulu, umuzi wabantu ayisithupha aphathwa ngayo, futhi izinceku nabanye - amathathu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi kwakuyizinsuku isamba esinzulu ngalezo zinsuku. Kule intela yonyaka zivimbele abalimi kuphela, kodwa emnyango emzini, futhi kwadingeka bakhokhe amapeni kusukela entshebeni yakhe.

imibuzo imfashini

izimiso eziningi Petru 1 ku imphilo yesive. Ngosizo lwabo, inkosi abezama izikhulu Russian ukubukeka European.

Okokuqala, ngokuchitha kakhulu ukwakhiwa Petersburg, uMbusi waya enkonzweni isikhathi ibhuloho lezingodo. Ngakho-ke, wakhipha ukuvinjelwa metallic izithende izithende. Ukuze kusungulwe yabo wahlawuliswa, ukudayiswa - ukuphucwa impahla kanye eyizigqila.

Iphuzu olandelayo ukhathazekile ibutho. Njengoba Petr Veliky waziphatha kabi ukubuyekeza futhi sithuthuka, le abayinakanga yonke imininingwane ngokoqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, umyalo wakhishwa "izinkinobho ithungwe ku ngaphambili iyunifomu sesosha." Lesi isilinganiso kwaba ukunweba ukuphila we izingubo breech, njengoba ukusula umlomo wakhe baba emikhonweni engenakwenzeka.

Bafaka emizini imfashini European. UMbusi wakhipha umyalo wokuba zonke ukuba esikhundleni bendabuko ingubo ende amasudi iDemo "isitayela Hungarian".

Futhi ekugcineni, ladies yizicukuthwane ajeziswe ukuqapha freshness nelineni ukuze "hhayi ukuzibangela amahloni amakhosi angaphandle ngephunga engcolile, amakha babe nempumelelo."

On the ukwakhiwa kanye nekhwalithi

Omunye edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa esinqumweni Petru 1 kwi izinga. Akukhona njengoba othandwayo eziningi imithetho engenangqondo, yamukelwa inkosi, kodwa ngosizo ibutho Russian amqoba at Poltava.

Ngakho, ukuze uthole ukuthi isibhamu ne Tula isitshalo akuzona quality enhle kakhulu, umbusi ngaphambilini kumnikazi obhekene ukuboshwa imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa. Khona-ke, base ezimiselwe isijeziso ngesimo lokubulala ngeziswebhu sokuhamba ekudingisweni. Petr Veliky wanquma eduze iqaphe izinga emphahleni efektri. Ukuze ulawule khona athunyelwe Tula Arms lonke oda. Ukuze noma imuphi umshado kufanele isijeziso izinduku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi omusha, Demidov, inkosi yayala ukwakha eqhugwaneni bonke abasebenzi, njengoba umnikazi.

Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane lesi simemezelo Petru 1 esakhiweni. Lapho inkosi uhlose ukuqala ukwakhiwa Petersburg, wabenqabela sokwakha endlini itshe zwe. Ngakho-ke, zonke izazi bahlangana ukusebenza iNeva.
Ngakho, umbusi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, yakwazi ukwakha umuzi.

izindaba lempi

Omunye ezilula edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa namuhla isimemezelo kaPetru 1 ku inceku. Empeleni, ukuba khona yayo engakaze kungase kutholakale, kodwa ezinsukwini zethu, bathi, ezindebeni wonke umuntu. On kuzoxoxwa kamuva esihlokweni.

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Manje asikhulumi odumile "isimemezelo iwubuphukuphuku likaPetru, 'futhi ezintweni ezibaluleke ngempela. Ngakho, inkosi nempi Sweden siyidinga lamaphoyisa oqeqeshiwe. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuba unike abantu bakwamanye amazwe ezithembisa izikhundla ebuthweni Russian. Ngakho, wonke amadoda empi YaseYurophu ngo GABA, nakho izinduna bamenywa ukuba izwe lethu ku-iholo, kabili nomholo lamaphoyisa yasekhaya.

Igagasi lokuqala "ayizisebenzi", ngokusho besikhathi sakhe likaPetru, 'esixukwini esinesiyaluyalu ka rogues. " Ngakho, amaphoyisa angaphandle ngenyanga yokuqala yenkonzo owayezinikele abaseSweden. Kodwa ukuhluleka akumthenanga amandla kombusi, futhi ekugcineni, wawufinyelela umgomo. Ibutho Russian aqeqeshwa kanye rearmed.

By the way, ngokuphathelene ngcono ke kunobufakazi sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi zesonto ku isibhamu ngemuva "ukuphoxeka ngesikhathi Narva". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapha lo mbusi yabonisa umoya wokupha. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zesonto, akayikwaphula kungahoxiswa, wathathela iqashwe. Ngemva kokunqoba Poltava yinkosi Swedish kusuka izibhamu ethumba ngaphambilini ukusakaza izinsimbi ubabuyisele endaweni.

izimiso zomnotho

Petr Veliky wethula 1 nemibono emisha kwezomnotho. Sibheka ezintathu kwalesi simemezelo, okuyinto kakhulu Inyakazisé izisekelo Russian bendabuko.

Ngakho, nangokwesinqumo sokwahlulela kuqala, isimo kwethulwa "zithembiso ukuphikiswa ukufunjathiswa." Amacala afanayo okuthathwa isigwebo sokufa. Ukuvimbela izimbangela ukuthi push izikhulu enze ubugebengu, umbusi ephakanyiswe amaholo abasebenzi bakahulumeni. Kodwa okwakwenqatshelwe "yimuphi ukufumbathisa, ukuhweba, inkontileka nasezithembisweni zakhe."

Ngaleso sikhathi, kwezokwelapha abantu, ngempela kude ngisho izisekelo izikebhe kwakuvamile eRussia. Ngakho-ke, omunye umthetho uyenqaba ukuba "ekusebenziseni wemithi zokwelapha kubo bonke abantu ukuthi akuzona ngakwesokudla."

Iqiniso zokugcina siwukuntela kunokuba iqiniso. Ngakho, ukuze ezisekhona lesisho elandelayo enkosini: "Ukuqoqwa izintela - amasela ezibalulekile. Abanaso ukukhokhela izisebenzi, bese uvala ucingo kanye ngonyaka, eyodwa kuya kwenye awuzange povadno ".

Ukuthuthukiswa izinyathelo

UMbusi Petr Veliky 1, ngemva ebuya ohambweni ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu okwesikhashana, ucabangisise libizwa ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthula eMbusweni Russian. Ngaphezu nezinye izindaba eziningi savuswa nezindaba lokuhlanzeka, ukuvikelwa umlilo ngcono.

Okokuqala, mthetho "Ngo pureness eMoscow." Wawajezisa zonke izakhamizi ukulandela udoti lapho sihamba emigwaqweni nalapho ezinkantolo. "Uma kuphunyuka umuntu walaba ke, ukuthatha aphume edolobheni futhi wangcwatshwa emhlabathini." Uma uqaphela imfucuza unmade kusuka egcekeni lakho, kutfula tinhlawulo noma wahlela ukuba ajeziswe ngezinduku.

Isinqumo sesibili ezihlobene kuphela shipbuilding futhi ibutho lasolwandle. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukukhanda Imikhumbi ukuphila kwabo, yonke imfucuza azokhishwa. Uma okungenani eyodwa lokwela doti ukuwela amanzi, inqobo isijeziso. Ukuze ngecala lokuqala, kwakunjalo inani iholo ngenyanga eyodwa, futhi ngenxa yesibili - unyaka nengxenye. Phakathi lwesithathu lokwela udoti emfuleni, izikhulu zehliswa ezikhundleni esigabeni futhi ifayela futhi amatilosi abavamile zadingiselwa eSiberia.

Ezivelele ezingamaGreki nazo zamukela isimemezelo ngokuphepha umlilo. It wawuyala abanikazi bezindlu ukuba ukuguqula yonke amaziko, kokufaka kuzo itshe isisekelo. Futhi kudingeka eliphakathi kodonga futhi isitofu ukwenza akhiwe futhi amapayipi ukubamba lezo "indoda prolazit". Hlanza umklamo ofanayo kwadingeka ukuba kanye ngenyanga. Ngokuba non-ukugujwa kokuthwasa umthetho zabahlawulisa imali.

utshwala

Okufana isikhathi izingxenye ezahlukene emphakathini, umbhalo esinqumweni Petru 1 ngokuvamile Uyinto mayelana nokwelashwa uphuzo oludakayo. Ikakhulukazi lawo malungiselelo impi lasolwandle.

On the Assembly Kunconywa ukuba baphuze kuze kube sezingeni lokuba "snoring yakhe Teleses" ukuba angabahlambalazi izivakashi abasanda kufika abangenayo isikhathi "ukuze athole isimo amanga eziseduze, futhi amanye amakhosi."

Uma sikhuluma Navy, kwakukhona izimiso eziningana.

Okokuqala, ngokuba phesheya, kwenqatshelwe wonke umuntu - kusuka itilosi ukuze Umkhuzi "vusmert uku, ukuze ngingasebenzisi hlaza nodumo imikhumbi kanye isimo."

Okwesibili, akufanele baye bavunyelwa ku ezinkantini amatilosi, njengoba "eziyizimbangela boorish, athole futhi bahlele isiphithiphithi."

Futhi, lowo mthetho lemikhumbi yempi, ngezinye izikhathi elisetshenziselwa namuhla. Ngakho, uma indoda bahamba ebhishi, udakiwe aze ngaquleka, kodwa waba atholakele ngokulala ikhanda yakhe ohlangothini emkhunjini, kuleli cala, it is cishe hhayi ajeziswe, "Akukabi phansi, kodwa wazama emuva."

Futhi, ukuze uPeter Omkhulu ezweni lethu isibe isiko ukugubha May Day. Kwakuthinta lathathwa kwabantu baseYurophu. Ngakho, leli holide lugujwa njengoba usuku entwasahlobo namaJalimane Scandinavians. E-Moscow, imikhosi yayiqhutshwa, ubeke itafula ngazo zonke abedlula ngendlela. Ukuhlanganyela mkhosi kukhona engakwenqeni Umbusi ngokwakhe, ababiza abantu ukuthi bajoyine.

Imithetho yokuziphatha emihlanganweni yesifunda

Ngaphezu ezintsha wezempi, Uhlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo nakwezinye izici zokuphila, uMbusi ekhathalele ukuvelela isiko jikelele sabantu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkosi wazama ukwenza konke njengehamba phambili namuhla efana izinqumo zalo ezingaphezu engabangela kuphela ukumamatheka.

Ngakho, cabanga oda elingavamile uPetru 1. Funny namuhla, base wamavukelambuso ngempela ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili.

Phakathi kweminye isimemezelo ethandwa kakhulu imithetho yokuziphatha emphakathini wezivakashi emihlanganweni. Okokuqala, nifanele ukugezana ngokucophelela futhi aphuce. Okwesibili, kube nengxenye elambile futhi nizithibe kangcono. Okwesithathu, musa ame lapho futhi ube ingxenye mkhosi. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukuba wazi kusengaphambili, lapho zangasese uma kwenzeka noma yini. Okwesine, udle ngokulinganisela uvunyelwe, kodwa baphuze - amaningi. By the way, kuya odakiwe eRussia wayenesimo sengqondo ekhethekile. Labo abaye ngaquleka kusukela inqwaba utshwala, kufanele eligoqiwe ngokucophelela eceleni, "ukuze singathwesi kuwele icala futhi ungagxambukeli nokudansa." Okwesihlanu, banikezwe ladies breaking izincomo, "ukuze singathwesi ukuthola ku Mordasov".

Futhi zokugcina yezimfundiso ezibaluleke. Kuyaziwa ukuthi akukho mnandi ngaphandle ingoma eyaziwa, ngakho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba axazulule abaculi nabadansi, futhi "hhayi ebhongayo imbongolo Valaam".

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka labantu

Noma kunjalo, njengoba kuphume umyalelo wokuthi lokulandelana Petru 1, leli lungiselelo kwakudingekile ukuba isimo. Ngenxa Ngokuqhubeka emkhankasweni wempi ezweni njalo kudingeka izimali impi. Ngakho, umbusi wakhipha umyalo ukubamba labantu elatholakala kaZuma.

Kodwa lesi sinyathelo asizange siveze umphumela efanele. I kulendawo ungafuni ukuba akhokhe izintela, "ziyaphi", njengoba leli lizwe isivele ukhathele empini njalo. Ngakho-ke, uPetru Alexeyevich kwadingeka ukuba afeze yokubala abantu izikhathi eziningana ezinjalo, njengoba nenombolo omusha ngamunye samakhaya kwehle.

Langaphambilini yokubala abantu imiphumela eyalotshwa cishe eminyakeni 1646 futhi 1678. Idatha lehla ngamaphesenti angu amabili phezu 1710. Ngakho-ke, ngemva omunye umzamo ngomthetho "thatha yezinganekwane nhlobo, futhi ukuletha kweqiniso (kwesikhathi nonyaka)," kaZuma intela itsetfwe capitation.

Okunye izimiso fun

Smile imbangela izinqumo yenkosi ngenhlonipho emagunyeni. Ngokwesibonelo, isinqumo Petru 1 ku inceku. Ngokusho kwakhe, "yisigqila ubuso esiphezulu kufanele kube silly futhi eshayeka ukubukeka, ukuze singathwesi kubonakale ngobuchule."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, senators ayenqatshelwe ukuzifunda inkulumo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwadingeka ukukhuluma ngamazwi azo, futhi laliqondwa ezingeni yentuthuko ngayinye.

No kancane ezithakazelisayo iyisinqumo Petru 1 ku abomvu. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukuthi akuvumelekile ukuthatha inkonzo zabantu zinokukhubazeka (ngezinwele ezibomvu ke kubhekwe njengento ezinjalo). Lo myalo okubangelwa ngokwengxenye ngokuthi "Nkulunkulu Rogue izimpawu."

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, uPetru mina izinqumo zakhe esehlanganise yonke imikhakha yomphakathi. Ngakho ngokuvamile kuba ashaywa amadoda hhayi kuphela, kodwa izintokazi. Nasi isibonelo esisodwa. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo e-Russia, isikhumba ugodo sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi umuntu 'legazi okwesibhakabhaka. " Ngakho-ke, izintokazi amazinyo ezishintshe umbala i-umehluko owawukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namazinyo ezimbi kuboniswe nokuchuma. A imali eningi - eningi ukudla ushukela. Ngakho-ke, i-emperor ngaphambilini ladies ukuxubha amazinyo akho futhi zibe mhlophe ngayo ngoshoki.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sisazi nge nezinqumo noyedwa kubabusi esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia. UMbusi uPeter the Great kwakungebona ikhanda yezwe, lapho Radel ngoba zithuthuke ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila emphakathini.

Ngisho naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namuhla ezinye izimemezelo zakhe kubangele ukumamatheka, ngesikhathi base izinyathelo wamavukelambuso.