Laurentian Chronicle - umthombo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile

Ekupheleni nane - ekuqaleni ngekhulu nanhlanu kuya zanamuhla zemihla Russian okhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Lesi sikhathi sangomhla nemengamo eziningi, compilers okuyizinto ubuntu bhá kwesikhathi. Abalobi yalezi amaphepha ziqoqwa, lihunyushwe futhi ukuhlelwa irekhodi elikhona, wenze izinguquko zakho nemibono.

Ngu isiko, incwadi ngayinye entsha emibhalweni yaminyaka ekuseni ezitatimende kwadingeka empilweni Kievan Rus. ngokuvamile ababhali ubheke "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" futhi wacaphuna lamanye emavesi kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ngamunye abasha baqhubeka uchungechunge ungaphazanyiswa izindaba mayelana emadolobheni umama Russian. Bomlando sebephendukela hhayi kuphela segolide-oluyingungu Kiev nezinye emadolobheni amakhulu ka Suzdal, Ryazan, Novgorod, eMoscow, uVladimir.

Incwadi ebalulekile ethumba ukuphila zezwe lasendulo, iyona Laurentian Chronicle. Yena yaqanjwa Lawrence, owayeyindela, ngubani, kanye nabasizi bakhe wawubhala 1377. Indawo Lokudabuka ubhekwa iqoqo Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod ubukhulu, njengoba kuqinisekiswa amazwi aqoshwe amakhasi omlando. Ngakho, umlando wokuqala Russian ikhophi owedlule elahlekile isethi futhi liqukethe idatha mayelana izenzakalo ngaphambi 1305.

Laurentian Chronicle liqala ngala mazwi: "Lo Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", okuyinto lidumisa yobukhulu Russia. Futhi kufakwe iqoqo "Ukufundiswa" Kiev Prince uVladimir Monomakh, ngubani wayedume ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe nobuhlakani. Kudinga ku Bakwethu ukumisa izingxabano isikhulu, ukhohlwe amagqubu futhi ame ndawonye ngoba imbangela kwesokudla. Okulandelayo Laurentian Chronicle ngokudabukisayo liyakhuluma ngokuphela kanzima abantu Russian ngokumelene amaMongol AmaTatar, uzinikela ekufeni okubuhlungu neyezikhulu zayo, kanye ubuqhawe zabantu abavamile.

Lokhu indaba lalotshwa ku bangaphambi ekhumbulekayo Battle of Kulikovo. Ngakho-ke iqukethe nezifiso zabantu ngokunqoba phezu bahlaseli, ucingo ubunye. Between emigqeni wazizwa okubi kakhulu of ubudlelwano phakathi Golden zidlamlilo naseMoscow. Ngakho-ke, singaba kugcwale umlomo ukuthi lesi umsebenzi yayihloselwe ukukhulisa umoya wokushisekela izwe labantu.

Laurentian Chronicle limelela Russian eminingi yasendulo Okubhaliwe memo. Usuku eshiwo umsunguli wawo - e 1377 ekhalendeni lasendulo, 6885 ibalwa kusukela ekudalweni kwemhlaba. Ngokwengxenye enkulu esisondelene izinto ekamu lama-Vladimir-Suzdal 1164-1304 inkathi. Kodwa futhi iqukethe izindaba we principalities lamazwe eningizimu.

indaba Old ubelokhu yabakhanga mlando, isiko ochwepheshe nabanye ososayensi abathanda eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Yiqiniso, umthombo wokuqala ayitholakali umphakathi jikelele - usekhona ngokucophelela endaweni yokugcina ka-National Library of Russia, Petersburg. Ngokucophelela isikhumba abuyiselwe lakhishwa izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka bacele ukuba ahlole futhi isibuyekezo.

Akunjalo kudala isayithi umtapo laMengameli kubo. Boris Yeltsin ufake scan digital yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, ukuze wonke umuntu abone le dokhumenti ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Umuntu ngamunye bangagcina ngokuzama nje ukufunda umbhalo we ulimi isiSlavonic Esidala, kodwa futhi ukuba bajwayelane ekuqukethe ngesikhathi Russian lwesigodi zamanje.