"Impi Nokuthula" - inkinga inoveli. "Impi Nokuthula" L. N. UTolstoy

Le noveli "Impi Nokuthula", umsebenzi eyisisekelo umbhali omkhulu Russian Bala Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, kwalotshwa ngesikhathi kusuka 1863 kuya 1869

Loluhlelo yomsebenzi, umlobi ubumbe eside ngaphambi lokubhala, ebhekisela isihloko the Decembrists kuvukela, eyaqala Petersburg Disemba 14, 1825. ULeo Tolstoy ebekwe ukukhombisa ukuphila emphakathini Russian kwaleso sikhathi, futhi kusukela ukunyakaza ukuphikiswa, imiphakathi ehlukahlukene ngomshoshaphansi kweqhaza Decembrists kwakungamadodana olukhulu kakhulu futhi ebalulekile empilweni zezombangazwe isimo Russian, umbhali wanquma ukusebenzisa le timu njengoba ngesisekelo umsebenzi wakhe.

Incazelo yaleli noveli

Encwadini esethulweni okusalungiswa kuya elotshwe ngobuciko esizayo "Impi Nokuthula" nezindaba inoveli Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy eyabizwa ngokuthi ukufuna umlingisi lomcoka. Umlobi wasikisela ukuthi kuyoba umfanekiso Decembrists, omunye amaqhawe isikhathi, ukubuyela nomkhaya wakhe baya emakhaya ngemva isixhumanisi. Nokho, esiqintini inoveli safuna incazelo nobuntu umlingiswa oyinhloko kusukela ebusheni bakhe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwakudingekile ukuze ubuyele emuva eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, ngo-esidlule yakhe. Umlobi wanquma ukuqala indaba nge 1805. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le linesihloko kule noveli "Impi Nokuthula" Ngabamba incazelo ebanzi kunaleyo lapho zisasho mayelana Decembrists, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ngokuhamba ubhala inoveli kwasekuqaleni kwaba impi yokulwa Napoleon nemicimbi, ngandlela-thile esixhumene nalo .

ukunakwa komlobi uye wawugxilisa neMpi Patriotic ka 1812 kanye isikhathi ngaphambi ayehlasela ibutho French eholwa Napoleon Bonaparte. Noma kunjalo, izahluko ezimbalwa imisebenzi sidle ka 1860 ngaphansi kwegama "Decembrists" UTolstoy wasebenzisa inoveli "Impi Nokuthula". Inkinga iba ukwakhiwa inoveli kwesiqinti, okuyinto inhloso yombhali wawuwukuhlanganisa cishe umlando ekhulwini-quarter abantu Russian futhi ibutho Russian. Umlobi wakwenza, umsebenzi yena abhekana lolungenamaphutsa.

Izibonelo nobuqhawe inoveli

Umsebenzi wakhe esaqopha umlando "Impi Nokuthula" by UTolstoy Lev Nikolaevich wabhala iminyaka eyisithupha, ezifanayo lelandzisako ukujula kanye namandla we amanoveli ezincwadini hlaba is hhayi ningi. asinazo izithombe Roman umxhwele, umlingisi ngamunye iqiniswe ngezinga eliphezulu Ngokuqinisekile, ubuqhawe of amasosha Russian isobala - abasuke belwa nabo ngenxa yesizathu nje, imikhaya yabo, ngoba ezweni lenkaba yawo. Isibonelo induna Tushin nebhethri yayo, indlela ephansi ukhiye lesitha. isibindi ezingakaze zibe khona. yebutho Russian e Battle of Borodino, lapho isinqumo isiphetho Russia, umlobi wachaza okwesabisayo okungokwemvelo, kodwa nangawo wonke amazwi enovelini Yiqiniso, kuyiqiniso. Isimo salo isiFulentshi, yebo, akemi akunakuqhathaniswa ngomoya lokulwa lamasosha isiRashiya, kule, ngokwengxenye enkulu, futhi wabeka isisekelo ukunqoba eyinhloko yempi Russian. Zonke izinhlamvu of UTolstoy kubonakala enovelini njengoba alwa izwe lazo.

Literature Painting

Lapho ubhala umkhiqizo "Impi Nokuthula" zokuthumela inkinga itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kwaba into eqanjiwe, le ebanzi ensimini, ingxube yalezi zindawo womuntu. Lva Tolstogo izinhlamvu zilotshiwe obucayi, imivimbo enembile, ikhono lakhe etemibhalo ingafaniswa Umdwebo by Paolo Veronese, naye kahle uzibophezele yonke imininingwane ubuso izinhlamvu zakhe phezu emidwebweni enkulu Palace saseVenice Doge, futhi amaqhawe la amakhulu.

Inani bokubeka imisebenzi

Esikhathini inoveli "Impi Nokuthula" by UTolstoy ezivezwe emakhasini azo zonke kwezakhi kwezenhlalo, kusukela isosha elula umbusi nethimba lakhe. Ibonisa bonke ubudala, isigaba ezahlukene, abacebile nabampofu, ukwethembeka nokungathembeki, enempilo futhi ngiyagula. umphakathi isiRashiya, amakilasi aphansi futhi abasesigabeni esiphakathi, inkosi nezikhonzi zakhe - zonke ukuthola indawo imisebenzi enkulu kwezincwadi ngesikhathi.

Umsebenzi wobuciko eduze zithandelana namaqiniso okuphila, isixuku abavamile, abekelwe emaceleni ingxenye umphakathi ungamandla ngezinye izikhathi zasendle zingalawuleki, eliqhutshwa ungacabanganga. ukubulala yesehlakalo Vereshchagin isibonelo. Brutal, unya ezimbi ngenxa umfutho esusa konke endleleni yayo - lena abantu isiRashiya, umlando uyazi izibonelo ezimbalwa. Nanti iphuzu eliyinhloko kule noveli "Impi Nokuthula" - ukukhombisa umphakathi isiRashiya, zonke zako kanye nebubi.

Ifilosofi noveli

Kuyo yonke le noveli Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy uzama ukwenza umqondo ekuqaleni primordial zokuphila kwabantu isiRashiya, ukucacisa izimbangela iletha yezenzo zakhe. umkhiqizo ifilosofi ukuthi intando ikhono labantu elahlekile ize noma zingekho nabo ngokoqobo, ngisuke okwenzekayo. Kuphela inkonzo ongenabugovu umbono kungashukumisa umuntu ukwenza impi ngoba imbangela kwesokudla, yihambise endaweni yokusevisa yinkundla yempi, baphoqelelwa ukuba bamukele ukufa njengendlela intela.

ngokucacile

izithombe eziningi kule noveli "Impi Nokuthula" eyethulwe umbhali lucidly, kwachazwa ngamunye. Yingakho i-, isimo sengqondo ekhethekile kwenhlonipho umbhali ukuba Kutuzov, abangekho ithalente namandla zamasu kanye ubuqhawe we iqhawe, kanye neqiniso lokuthi waqaphela ukuthi indlela kuphela, lokhu okulandelayo lapho kungenzeka ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo Napoleon. Yingakho nokunqatshelwa izimfanelo UTolstoy sika siqu Napoleon ababeqhosha impumelelo yakhe, kokubalula ukuba wedwa umsolwa. Umlobi engawayekanga imibala lapho echaza nesosha elula Karataeva uPlato uhlala, ngokusho UTolstoy, e indima nomfundisi omkhulu kunabo bonke, ngoba ebona ngokwakhe yingxenye yalo lonke nomphakathi, walahla ubuntu babo.

Umthwalo wemfanelo umbhali

Yefilosofi Lva Tolstogo akulona ukucabanga ngale ndaba, njengoba ngokuvamile kunjalo nge abalobi abaningi, kanye nokuhlaziywa zamandla imininingwane yomcimbi kwencani, ezenzeka emphakathini, kanye nekhono yakhe ekhaliphile ukuhlanganisa izingxenye disparate zibe munye, kwakheka isithombe ephelele futhi ngemvume nge yakhe igama. Umthwalo Tolstoho wazizwa esahlukweni ngasinye, engabhubhiyo ayo, captivates umfundi, okuyinto kancane kancane Useqala ukucabanga luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa ne umlobi.

izinhlamvu

Encwadini yakhe ethi "Impi Nokuthula" inkinga inoveli itholakala lokuthi ngezingcaphuno ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba abekele eceleni abalingiswa eyinhloko yonke impi Russian. Intambo ovamile emsebenzini kufika isihloko ukwesekwa sinemibandela amasosha nezinduna kubantu. Hlanzani ezweni kusukela ayehlasela Russian - kwakucatshangwa zonke izinduna, amasosha, abalimi, abasebenzi, kusho izikhulu. Ubunikazi abantu Russian ayikwazanga ngobugebengu ukuhlasela kwebutho elivela ngaphandle, angahambisani isimo sengqondo umphakathi isiRashiya, futhi uma kunjalo, umhlaseli ngokuqinisekile ubhujiswe. Lo mphumela wasebenza umbono zonke Russian. Rush ububanzi we engabandlululi ukunyakaza, ubuzwe uthando wezwe ngikudalile "club empi abantu", okuyinto ukubhubhisa isitha.

ULeo Tolstoy lempi uyaziqhenya namandla yebutho isiRashiya, siphindwe ubuzwe umhlatshelo lonke labantu isimo Russian. Abantu-iqhawe siyohlanganiswa izikhulu Russian phakathi nempi lokususa isitha. Laba bameleli be-best of izikhulu Russian welula uquqaba, phakathi kwabo Pierre Bezukhov futhi Andrey Bolkonsky, uNatasha Rostova futhi Vasily Denisov.

Ukubona Kutuzov

I hero empini uNapoleon Mihail Illarionovich Kutuzov, kwaba ngamathe nolimi kusukela amasosha akhe, yilokho wamnika amandla. Umlawuli ayitholanga esivela umbusi, ngasese bamzonda, kodwa Kutuzov e nethimba yenkosi ukwethembeka futhi kwakungadingeki, ayenakho umthombo onamandla kakhulu ugqozi - yempi, amasosha nezikhulu azinikele. Field Marshal Kutuzov iwine egcwalisa entandweni yabantu isiRashiya, nakuba bazi kahle kamhlophe injongo emi phambi kwakhe futhi lonke lelo zwe.

izincwadi

Kwebalingisi kule noveli "Impi Nokuthula" lembula bezikhali umphakathi isiRashiya, lapho kulotshwe khona ngomlando uyazi kokugqilazwa enamandla. Ikusasa abahlaseli onjalo wokufuna izikhundla njengoba uNapoleon, kuphele ukuzidla yabo, kodwa ihlazo, ngeke yini. Zomlando ngxabano lempi nakanjani izophela yokunqoba abantu Russian.

Ngo-1865, ephephabhukwini "Russian iGazethi" ezingxenyeni zokuqala ezimbili kule noveli enesihloko esithi "Unyaka 1805" yashicilelwa. Uhlelo egcwele isikhonkwane imisebenzi "Impi Nokuthula" by UTolstoy, e-oda imiqulu eyisithupha, yanyatheliswa ngo-1869.

Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy inoveli "Impi Nokuthula" phakade wangena Isikhwama segolide izincwadi emhlabeni.