Ayzek Azimov: imihlaba kumnandi ezincwadini zakhe. Imisebenzi Ayzeka Azimova futhi ifilimu yayo lithathelwe

Ayzek Azimov - omunye wabalobi ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi enethonya elikhulu Melika. Sikanye Robert Heinlein futhi Arturom Klarkom, ingxenye okuthiwa "Big Three" isayensi abalobi eqanjiwe. Leli qiniso libonisa ukuqashelwa ozakwethu kanye lomnikelo Giant kwalokho wenza lezi zincwadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhosi amathathu omkhulu eqanjiwe kungenziwa ngokuthi nabafundisi besikhathi sethu. Asimov futhi Clarke akufeza popularize isayensi.

Biography Ayzeka Azimova. Ebuntwaneni in Soviet Russia

Petrovic (okwamanje Shumyachsky District) Smolensk esifundeni - indawo uyakhazinyuliswa kuphumela ekuzalweni Januwari 2, 1920 umfana Isaka, kamuva owaba okungcono umlobi yesayensi kwekhulu lama-20 ngo-Isaka Asimov. Kamuva wathi wazalwa ezweni elilodwa, ukuthi Yuri Gagarin, futhi ngenxa yalokho namanje sengathi ukuyiphi amazwe amabili.

Uyise umbhali, Yuda Azimov, ngaleso sikhathi umuntu ofundile. Ekuqaleni, wayehlanganyela eyingoduso ebhizinisini lomkhaya, kodwa emva kwempi baba Umgcinimabhuku. Umama lalobhalako, uHana, uRaheli, ovela emkhayeni omkhulu futhi wasebenza esitolo.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngemva kokuzalwa kwendodakazi yakhe ngo-1923 Abazali baka-Isaka bamenywa umalume wakhe, okwase kuyiminyaka iyiswe USA, wahlala khona. Umndeni enquma yathuthela eMelika.

Ayzek Azimov wagomela ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba eze e-US, abazali bakhe kwakunguMariya igama Ozimovy, kodwa izikhulu wezifiki Ubhale kubo njengoba Asimov futhi ushintshe igama yembhali isitayela American. Ngakho waba Isaka.

Abazali abakwazanga ukufunda kahle isiNgisi, ngakho ukuthola umsebenzi owawuholela akusebenzanga. Khona-ke uJuda wathenga zokudla esitolo encane futhi ngavula indawo yokuhweba. Kodwa indodana wayengafuni isiphetho umthengisi encane, futhi wanquma ukunikeza kuye imfundo enhle. Isaka yena wafunda ngenjabulo, futhi iminyaka 5 ungavakashela umtapo.

Nge ukufika uphiko lokuqeqeshela ezokwelapha akusebenzanga - kwacaca ukuthi, Asimov kabaze baba lakho ukuma emehlweni igazi. Yingaleso sikhathi sanquma ukungenela uMnyango Chemistry at Columbia University.

Okulandelayo kwaba umsebenzi wokuziphilisa omuhle. Ayzek Azimov waba uprofesa, ezinto wafundisa ngaso Boston School of Medicine. Ngo-1958, yahlatshwa eyeka umsebenzi wakhe ngokwesayensi. Kodwa inkulumo yakhe edumile ukufunda ku iminyaka eminingi.

Njengoba iba umlobi yesayensi

Asimov waqala ukubhalela njengoba ingane. Ngolunye usuku umngane wakhe, ngemva kokufunda ekuqaleni kwendaba, ucelwa ukuba uqhubeke. Bese ikusasa abalobi yesayensi, kwaba sobala ukuthi wenza into engenakwenzeka.

Izindaba lokuqala Ayzeka Azimova eshicilelwe ngo-1939 ngu John Campbell, umhleli edume kanye owathola ithalente abasha. Lokhu ngokwesibili umsebenzi eshicilelwe - "Ukufika ebusuku" - baba, ngokuvumelana Science Fiction Nephupho Abalobi Melika, kokuhle kunakho konke komhlambi kumnandi izidalwa zonke ezake zabhalwa emhlabeni.

Amabhuku ahamba phambili umbhali

Amabhuku ahamba phambili Ayzeka Azimova eqanjiwe uhlobo - imisebenzi efana "The Gods Ngokwabo", "Base" futhi uchungechunge "Mina, Robot." Kodwa akugcini lapho indalo yakhe enkulu. Akekho ngempela owakwazi bheka kangcono esikhathini esizayo izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kuka Ayzek Azimov. "Ukuphela Kwezinto Eternity" - okungcono umbhali inoveli, eyabelwe inkinga yokungabi nesikhathi sokuhamba.

Amazing Asimov

Bhala amabhuku 500 - kubonakala ngendlela engakholeki. Abaningi abazi ngisho ukufunda kakhulu empilweni yami. Ayzek Azimov hhayi kuphela wabhala, wakwazi ukwenza ngisho lenqwaba Kwezinye izimo. Wayeba usihlalo we-American sezifundo Association, wahlanganyela popularization yesayensi, yesayensi umhleli walo magazini elibizwa ngegama lakhe. Akazange athembele ejenti etemibhalo uncamela ukwenza ibhizinisi ngokwami, owawungumnyaka isikhathi. Asimov wakwazi ukuba ngaleso club esimatasa usihlalo amadoda walo. Wenza yonke into unembeza. Ngisho inkulumo encane club kwakhe, wahlomisa ngokucophelela. Kube kunjalo ukuthi kwadingeka ukuba namahloni ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo.

Iziteleka kanye kwenkululeko izithakazelo umbhali. Esikhathini esidlule, uprofesa oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, Asimov neze kungagcini ukutadisha kuphela lo mkhakha wesayensi. Yayithanda konke. Cosmology, futurology, yezilimi, umlando, yezilimi, imithi, Psychology, anthropology - ke nje uhlu encane umbhali izinto zokuzilibazisa yesayensi. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi abanentshisekelo kulezi wesayensi, kodwa naye wafundelwa sina. Futhi incwadi Ayzeka Azimova, ezibhaliwe kula masimu yolwazi, olunembile futhi nasici njalo ukuthembeka impahla okufakiwe.

umsebenzi wesayensi popularization

Maphakathi nawo-1950, Asimov waqala ukubhalela journalism, wahlanganyela popularization yesayensi. encwadzini yakhe "Chemistry of Life" intsha yaphumelela kakhulu nabafundi, futhi wayeqaphela ukuthi ubhala obubhalwe usebenza kuba lula futhi mnandi kuka art. Uyabhala ukuze inani elikhulu kuyisayensi-emabhukwini izihloko eembalweni, i-physics, i-chemistry, ukufunda izinkanyezi. Okunengi umsebenzi wakhe kuye igxile izingane nentsha. Esikhathini etholakalayo kubo yakha Azimov watshela abafundi abasha ngezinto sina.

Indaba Asimov

Umlobi waziwa kakhulu ku sibonga emhlabeni ukuze imisebenzi yakhe uhlobo fantasy nezimfihlakalo. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi Ayzek Azimov - umlobi imisebenzi eminingi ngesimo ethandwa isayensi izincwadi. Yashaya ezihlukahlukene izithakazelo zakhe.

Adume umlobi yesayensi wabhala incwadi ngomlando eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ukudlondlobala kokuwa koMbuso, uhlanga kanye zofuzo, Roman kwemvelo yonke kanye imfihlakalo supernova. He qamba "A Short History of Biology", lapho ifomu bezijabulisa wakhuluma kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale sayensi, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Omunye umsebenzi, "Ubuchopho bomuntu", humorously uchaza owakheke ngayo nosebenza ngayo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Futhi kule ncwadi iqukethe izindaba eziningi ezithakazelisayo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa isayensi psihobiohimii.

Abaningi izincwadi yomlobi nje kudingeka ukuba bafundele izingane. Omunye wabo - "Popular Anatomy." Ayzek Azimov ke usitshela ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nesakhiwo emangalisayo zomzimba womuntu. Ngendlela yakhe isici kalula ukukhuluma ngezinto ezinzima umbhali ezama ukuvusa isithakazelo yomfundi nokwakheka.

incwadi Eziyiqiniso ebhaliwe Ayzeka Azimova njalo ethakazelisayo, ulimi kuyaqondakala. Uyakwazi ukukhuluma ngezinto ezinzima kakhulu kumnandi futhi ezithakazelisayo.

Hlahluba okuzayo. Yini Kwasekusithi kusukela umbhali ezibikezelwe

Ngesinye isikhathi ngesihloko ethandwa kakhulu kwaba isibikezelo Ngokuzayo lwesintu eyaziwa abalobi yesayensi. Ikakhulukazi eziningi zimo ezihlukene abangu okuphakanyiswe Asimov futhi Arturom Klarkom. I mqondo awumusha. Ngu Jules Verne emibhalweni yakhe wachaza okutholakele eziningi eziye zashiwo umuntu kwaze kwaba kamuva.

Ngesicelo iphephandaba "The New York Times" ngo-1964, Ayzek Azimov wenza isibikezelo mayelana nendlela izwe izobukeka eminyakeni 50, ngo-2014. Lokhu kubonakala isimanga, kodwa iningi yesayensi noma ezizathwini lifezekile, noma labikezela ngokunembile kakhulu. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona isibikezelo ngendlela emsulwa ifomu eziphethweni zayo ngokuphathelene nekusasa umbhali isintu ezenziwe ngesisekelo ubuchwepheshe ekhona. Noma kunjalo, ukunemba zezinkulumo zakhe kuyinto okushesha ngendlela edidayo.

Yini lifezekile:

1. TV ku-3D.
2. Ukupheka uzobe ezenzakalelayo ngezindlela eziningi. Ekhishini kuyodingeka idivayisi "avtogotovki" umsebenzi.
3. labantu Umhlaba uyofinyelela 6 bhiliyoni phesheya.
4. Phakathi nengxoxo nomuntu at uhla, kungabonwa. Amafoni kuyoba ephathekayo futhi bazonikezwa isikrini. Nge sizokwazi ukusebenza izithombe nokufunda izincwadi. Satellites ukusiza ukuxhumana umuntu noma kuphi emhlabeni.
5. Robots ungatholi ukusakazwa.
6. Lelisu lizosebenza ngaphandle ngentambo kagesi ngoba amabhethri noma accumulator.
7. Umuntu akazange cababa Mars, kodwa uhlelo lizodalelwa ikoloni layo.
8. It uyosebenzisa amandla elanga.
9. isifundo computer science ziyokhokhwa ezikoleni.
10. Ingabe ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa Arctic ehlane, kanye eshalofini kwamanzi.

Amafilimu esekelwe imisebenzi Ayzeka Azimova. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ifilimu lithathelwe

Bambalwa abalobi kungaba ozibongayo ukuthi izincwadi zabo ziye liphefumulelwe abenzi mafilimu ukudala ama-movie okusekelwe kuzo. Imisebenzi Ayzeka Azimova wathwebula ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Ngo-1999, Screens out "Bicentennial Man", wathwebula phezu noveli by co-Silverberg futhi Asimov sika "Positron indoda." Futhi isisekelo kwaba umbhali encane indaba igama elifanayo njengoba isithombe esingu. Lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana ukuvela amarobhothi esikhathini esizayo, njalo ngokuthi eqanjiwe. kwemvelo olungenzeka intelligence yokufakelwa, amathuba ingxabano esintwini, amarobhothi zokuphepha, ningabesabi; esintwini - uhla izimpikiswano ezaphakanyiswa Azimov emsebenzini wakhe ubanzi kakhulu.

Le filimu kubhekwa inkinga kakhulu: uma irobhothi bangaba indoda. I protagonist tape - Andrew Android, lolungenamaphutsa kudlalwa Robinom Uilyamsom.

Ngo-2004 kwafika enye i-movie enhle - ". Mina, Robot" Ayzeka Azimova kubhekwa umbhali kule noveli kwegama elifanayo, okuyindawo isuswe. Eqinisweni, esiqintini izithombe othathwe lonke umjikelezo we umbhali wezincwadi mayelana namarobhothi. Lona omunye ezincwadini yimpumelelo kakhulu imisebenzi Asimov, okuyinto lidlulisela ngokunembile zonke izinkinga uye njalo ephakanyiswe emsebenzini wakhe.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ifilimu iphatha inkinga ka ukuvela intelligence yokufakelwa. Imithetho Amarobhothi Ayzeka Azimova yasungulwa kubo ngo-1942, izodlala indima ebalulekile endabeni. Ngokusho kwabo, robot kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe abantu hhayi ukubalimaza. Kumelwe silalele wonke umnikazi walo, uma kungaphuli umthetho obaluleke kakhulu ekuklameni amarobhothi - nobuntu.

Esikhathini ifilimu Artificial Intelligence wiki, izinkampani ngobukhulu ebuchosheni ukwenziwa amarobhothi, kancane kancane lithuthuka futhi ufika esiphethweni sokuthi isintu kuyadingeka ukuzivikela ngokwayo, ngaphandle kwalokho abantu uyobhubhisa konke. Nge uchungechunge entsha ethuthukisiwe amarobhothi, unqoba lonke idolobha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wabulala abantu abangekho empini. I uDetective protagonist Del Spooner nabangane bakhe lapho sibhekene inkampani kanye nabasebenzi robot Sonny ebhubhisa wiki. Le filimu futhi kabi inkinga ukungamukeleki yale mishini abantu ukungakwethembi kubo.

Enye owaziwa lithathelwe incwadi Ayzeka Azimova "Twilight" - movie "Black Hole" nge Vin Diesel e indima isihloko. Lena asebenzisa kakhulu khulula imisebenzi lalobhalako, cishe lutho enibaziyo inguqulo yasekuqaleni.

Ngaphezu kwalezi isikrini ezincwadini ezintathu abadumile, ngemisebenzi wombhali futhi zadalwa movie "Twilight", "Ukuphela Kwezinto Eternity" futhi "uthando Android".

Imiklomelo kanye imiklomelo

Asimov wayeziqhenya kakhulu yayo imiklomelo, ikakhulukazi endaweni fantasy. Babefanele lenqwaba, futhi akumangalisi, inikezwe amandla Amazing umsebenzi yomlobi futhi lwezincwadi yakhe imisebenzi 500 ezibhaliwe. Wathola imiklomelo eziningana, "UHugo" futhi "Nebula", waklonyeliswa Foundation of Thomas Alva Edison. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali Azimov waklonyeliswa American Chemical Society.

Ngo-1987, "Nebula" Azimov wamnikela Prize sinamagama emangalisa - "inkosi enkulu."

ukuphila komuntu umlobi

Ayzek Azimov uye waphumelela njengoba umbhali, kodwa ukuphila komlobi siqu kwakungelona kamnandi njalo. Ngo-1973, ngemva kweminyaka engu-30 sishadile, yena olahla umkakhe. Kule umshado izingane ezimbili kwesokunxele. Ngawo lowo nyaka, washada umngane wakhe ubudala UJanet Dzheppson.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila wombhali

Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi hhayi okungaka ngezindinganiso waseNtshonalanga - engu-72. Ngo-1983 Asimov wahlinzwa - ukuhlinzwa dlula enhliziyweni. Phakathi nalo, okwakushiwo umlobi utheleleke nge-HIV ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi. Akekho okusolwa reoperation lapho kuhlolisiswa etshelwa ukuthi une-AIDS. Lesi sifo esibulalayo esiye saholela ukwehluleka kwezinso, futhi ngo-April 6, 1992 umbhali omkhulu wafa.