Uyini umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa

A umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa unohlobo we kumiswa yolwazi ngokwesayensi. Lokhu oluphakeme kakhulu enikeza umbono ephelele ukuxhumana neziqinile futhi amaphethini isifundo endaweni ethile engokoqobo.

A umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa buvezwa uhlelo ukwamukelwa, ngokunengqondo kuhlobene. Isakhiwo ulwazi kuwo Kwenziwa nokusetshenziswa indlela ubufakazi-based. A umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa emelela uhlelo ocwaningo oluthile, iqinisekisa ubuqotho bayo, uletha njengendlela eyodwa equkethe ulwazi. Iphuzu methodological umbono, inqobo nje uhlelo kufanele afune ukukhulisa ngokwanele futhi ngokugcwele ukuchaza, ukubonisa isikhundla, ngenkathi sigcina ubuqotho futhi ukungaguquguquki yangaphakathi.

A umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa yakhiwa eziningana izingxenye. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa ngesisekelo enokwehla (lisuselwa amaqiniso ukuhlola), ngesisekelo theory (imithetho futhi postulates abaqashwe incazelo lezinto ephelele yengxoxo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo logic (izimiso nemithetho ubufakazi futhi nikhuluma), kanye nesethi Imiphumela kanye nezitatimende.

imibono yesayensi babe yinto ehlukile imisebenzi. Futhi izindlela ezahlukene zokwakha kanye izinhlobo izinqubo awenziwanga. Kanye nalezi zinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezinhlobo idealization idealized izinto futhi ukufanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene kwezinkolelo-mbono zesayensi. Kule ndaba, kukhona uhlelo oluthile ngezigaba, owawuthi mbono zesayensi zihlukaniswe deductive, achazayo futhi mathematized.

Ukuze achazayo (enokwehla) izinhlelo zihlanganisa, isibonelo, imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, enwetshiwe Darwin, uhlelo Pavlov sika bokuphila. Emkhakheni sasinokuhlangenwe futhi imfundiso ngokolimi ngomqondo yendabuko, iningi kunemibono yanamuhla yokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nabanye. Ngokuhambisana idatha eziningi zokuhlola, wathi lwati lwendzabuko ukuchaza ethize imihlola iqembu kanye netintfo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka baphethe kwemithetho jikelele ukuthi zakha isisekelo le mfundiso. Njengomthetho, uhlelo achazayo washayelwa ulimi elula zemvelo usebenzisa amagama akhethekile ezindaweni ezithintekile ubuchwepheshe.

eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma Mathematized kuhluke ukuzibandakanya asebenzayo amathuluzi zezibalo kanye onobuhle. Imodeli kuyinto enhle design into ukuthi esikhundleni futhi inikeza abanye into ethize yangempela. Ukuze lolu hlobo umbono uwukuthi yezilimi zezibalo, izakhi zofuzo, physics theory.

Uhlobo lwesithathu kukhona izinhlelo deductive. Isidingo wokwakha kubo uvele ngenxa yezinkinga ezikhona ekucabangeni zezibalo. Imfundiso yokuqala deductive zihlanganisa "Ukuqala" of Euclid. Akhiwa ngesisekelo isimiso axiomatic. Lezi imibono yesayensi iyawakha ngezigaba eziningana. Okokuqala washayelwa yokuqala, isisekelo sokuqala. Khona-ke izinsolo ukuba itholakala kulo base. Isetshenziswa ngemcondvo deductive amathuluzi okunengqondo akuvunyelwe fixed, njengoba ubufakazi eyakhelwe ngesisekelo lezi zinsimbi. Lezi izinhlelo zisebenzisa ulimi ekhethekile semthethweni.

Igama elithi yesayensi kudalwa ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko ezithile. Kumele ibe khona into echazwe ngokwanele, incazelo egcwele kwenkululeko ngokoqobo uphenyo. Isimo kubalulekile ubuhlobo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, afanayo isipiliyoni idatha.

Ukusebenzisa izindlela zesayensi ukuhlaziywa, abacwaningi ukwakha hhayi kuphela into nezincazelo efanele isihloko ndawo, kodwa futhi ukuchaza zabo umsebenzi, isakhiwo, ukubunjwa, genesis.

Ngo inqubo ukulungisiswa ezithile (falsification, yokuqinisekisa, njll) ingasetshenziswa yiluphi uhlelo. Njengomthetho, zihlobene ukugxekwa of izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo.