Isakhiwo emphinjeni womuntu kanye nezici zayo

Isakhiwo umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa izindawo lapho kuhlelwa izingxenye izinhlelo bokuphila ehlukile, kuhlangene yokwakheka ajwayelekile nezinhlamvu bokuphila. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, umphimbo - endaweni lapho zikhona amaphuzu izinhlelo ezimbili - zokuphefumula futhi wokugaya ukudla. Isakhiwo emphinjeni womuntu, kanye neminyango yayo umsebenzi okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

izici yokwakheka womphimbo

Sakhiwo umphimbo womuntu, ogama uhlelo aboniswe ngezansi, kubonisa indawo iqala izimbotshana ezimbili: acinene futhi temlomo, nesiphetfo ngokulandelana kuqhoqhoqho kanye kuqhoqhoqho. Ngakho-ke, enye ingxenye emphinjeni, ezihlobene isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, ebizwa ngokuthi i-pharynx okungukuthi, pharynx, nabanye, bayingxenye umgudu wokuphefumula - larinksom (amalaka). Pharynx iyisifunda umngcele phakathi ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kanye kuqhoqhoqho. Ukudla, phansi amazinyo, wetted ngamathe futhi kancane wajinge wanamatsela ngenxa yesenzo enzyme hits empandeni ulimi. Ukucasuka receptor yayo kubangela ukusikwa reflex of imisipha ulwanga elithambile, okuholela kuvalwe emnyango ingaphakathi acinene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umnyango amalaka ukuthi sivimba epiglottis.

Kokucindezela imisipha pharynx odlulela bolus emphinjeni, okuyinto ahlabayo inamagquma, enza kuye esiswini. Pharynx, amalaka, noma, njengoba iye okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, ingxenye umgudu wokuphefumula. It uthola umoya kusukela acinene ingaphakathi, nasopharynx futhi oropharynx, ngenkathi sekuqala ukufudumala futhi kancane bahlanza kusuka uthuli. Ngo amalaka, ehlanganisa abhanqiwe futhi ayibhangqiwe uqwanga kokuba base hyaline kukhona Imicu yotshani ezimbili nokunwebeka - yezwi, elise phakathi glottis. amalaka Lower sihamba kuqhoqhoqho. kwakhiwa phambi odongeni Its ngu cartilaginous isigamu-izindandatho ukuthi luvimbele tube ukuphefumula ukunciphisa ubukhulu bayo. Udonga posterior tracheal yakhiwa imisipha abushelelezi. Umoya ugeleza ngokukhululekile kusukela kuqhoqhoqho phakathi bronchi, futhi kubo - emaphashini.

Iqhaza okuvimbelayo amalaka

Ngokufunda isakhiwo womphimbo womuntu, ukugxila amaqoqo lifoidnoy izicubu ngokuthi minadalinami. Basuke kwakhiwa histologic isakhiwo ekhethekile - parenchyma, zisakaza ku stroma, ehlanganisa ezicutshini. Amalaka Ukwakheka kwezitho lymphocyte - immunoobrazuyuschih main Ukuvikelwa umzimba isici kusuka emagciwaneni pathogenic. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi lymphopoiesis ezaziwayo. Uma ucabangela isakhiwo yokwakheka emphinjeni womuntu, amalaka okuyinto umahluko ku lasePalatine, sublingual futhi pharyngeal, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi leli lungiselelo ibonisa isithiyo zabo umsebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, laryngology ukukhuluma mayelana indandatho limfoepitelialnogo, ise-ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emngceleni we ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kanye pharynx - indandatho Pirogov-Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz. Kwezokugoma amalaka ngokuthi neuropathy umzimba ezifweni. Bona azungeze langekhulusi kuqhoqhoqho kanye kuqhoqhoqho, ivikela izinhlelo zokuphefumula futhi sokugaya ukudla se-Ukungena nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic. isakhiwo yokwakheka bokuphila womphimbo womuntu, izindlala zamanzi okuyinto ukuvikela isithiyo isivikelo emathonyeni ayingozi imvelo, kuyobe akuphelele uma asigxilanga ku ezifana izakhiwo amalaka like izikhala.

ukusebenza okuthize Kohlelo izikhala

It izingxenye lymph node ukuthi ukusithatha kushothi lokuqala izifo staphylococcal noma streptococcal sabanjwa ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Inani elikhulu lama-lymphocyte iwukudambisa kanye inhlabamkhosi amagciwane bayabulawa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Cluster efile amaseli lymph e ubovu lacunae yakha plugs, okubonisa ukuvuvukala ezivukayo ekuphenduleni Ukungena ukutheleleka emzimbeni.

umzimba Larinks izwi-like

Ngaphambili, sesibonile ezimbili ezinkulu laryngeal umsebenzi: kuba iqhaza yayo umoya Nesivikelo (epiglottis lapho ukugwinya uvala umnyango amalaka, avimbele ingress particulate ndaba kuqhoqhoqho kanye ukubukeka ngenxa yokungawutholi umoya). Kukhona ngesinye isici pharynx thina ezichaza, ngokuqhubeka ufunda isakhiwo womphimbo womuntu. Kumayelana isakhiwo enjalo yomzimba, njengekhono lokuthola uzwakale ukukhiqizwa futhi inkulumo. Khumbula ukuthi umphimbo yakhiwa uqwanga.

Phakathi cartilages arytenoid, ezihlobene kokuba kukhona yezwi - Imicu yotshani ezimbili nezimo kakhulu futhi springy. Okwamanje uthule yezwi ngaphandle, futhi glottis kuyabonakala phakathi kwale mililo emibili, isimo sanoma unxantathu isosceles. Phakathi lapho kuculwa noma ukukhuluma yezwi zivaliwe futhi emoyeni, ngivuka ovela emaphashini lapho exhaling, okubangela kunyakaza kwabo Rhythmic ziqondakala njengoba umsindo. Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi umsindo kwenzeka ngenxa kokushintsha yokuma olimini, ezindebeni izihlathi, imihlathi.

umehluko Ubulili kule nokwakheka emphinjeni

Kunezindlela eziningana izici yokwakheka bokuphila womphimbo isakhiwo womuntu elihlobene ne ubulili. Amadoda cartilages amalaka uxhumeke kwi-engxenyeni engenhla phambili larinksa ukwakha kwelivi - apula sika-Adamu no-apula sika-Adamu.

Ngo abesifazane, engela izingxenye uxhumano uqwanga yegilo ngaphezulu zibukeke lokhu protrusion ayikwazi ukutholwa. Kukhona umehluko isakhiwo yezwi. In amadoda, bade futhi obukhulu, futhi ngezwi eliphansi kakhulu. Ngo abesifazane, yezwi kukhona mancane futhi abe mfushane, izwi labo lingaphezulu kakhulu kunakuqala.

Lesi sihloko ngabuka izici yokwakheka kanye bokuphila isakhiwo womphimbo womuntu.