Sithola amandla ukuhilizisana. Formula amandla kokukhuhlana

Friction - into esikulo njalo ebhekene ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Nquma ngomshikisho elimazayo noma eziwusizo, akunakwenzeka. Yenza ngisho step on the ice ezishelelayo umzimba esindayo, phezu anolaka asphalt ukuhamba ubumnandi. Yekuchumana izimoto ngaphandle Lubrication uzokhathala isheshe.

Lolu cwaningo friction, ulwazi lwezici zalo eziyisisekelo evumela umuntu ukuyisebenzisa.

Amandla friction physics

Force eyenziwe ukunyakaza noma ukuzama ukunyakaza ebusweni yomzimba yomunye, aqondiswe ohlangothini ukunyakaza isetshenziswa emizimbeni ezihambayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-force ukuhilizisana. Module amandla kokukhuhlana, ifomula zazo kuncike nemingcele eziningi, iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo of ukumelana.

Hlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo friction:

• ukuphumula;

• ngokuhambisa;

• Rolling.

Noma yimuphi umzamo wokubuyisa ukuwushintsha into esindayo (iKhabhinethi, itshe) kuholela agcizelele mabutho angabantu. Kulokhu, ukuhamba kuncike akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhola. It kuvimbela ukungqubuzana lokuphumula.

isimo yokuphumula

Elilinganiswayo amandla ifomula friction static akakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile. Ngenxa isenzo lwesithathu umthetho Newton ukubaluleka amasosha okugcina ukuthula ukumelana kuncike amandla osetshenziswayo.

Nge bathuthukisa imizamo nekwenyusa amandla ukuhilizisana.

0 tr.pokoya max

ukuhilizisana static kuvimbela ezishayelelwe ku esihlahleni ukuze bawe; izinkinobho, intambo ithungwe sihlale siqine endaweni yaso. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umuntu kuyivumela ukuhamba ukumelana ethule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siqondiswe ukunyakaza komuntu, okuyinto ephambene isimo jikelele izindaba.

ukushelela mkhuba

Njengoba kwanda amandla zangaphandle, umzimba ukushayela nenani kunazozonke static ngomshikisho amandla ke siyahamba. Amandla friction kubhekwa enqubeni ngokuhambisa lomunye ebusweni nomzimba. Inani layo incike izakhiwo evele uxhumana futhi mpo amandla izenzo phezu.

Ifomula ukubala bebutho kokukhuhlana ilele: F = μR, lapho μ- proportionality Coefficient (ngokuhambisa ngomshikisho), F - ukuphoqa mpo (evamile) ingcindezi.

Omunye ushayela ukunyakaza amandla - ngokuhambisa amandla kokukhuhlana, ifomula zazo kulotshwe usebenzisa phansi yokusabela force. Ngoba umthetho wesithathu Newton enze ingcindezi evamile futhi phansi ukuphendula ngendlela efanayo e nokubaluleka obuhlukile isiqondiso P = N.

Ngaphambi kokuthola amandla kokukhuhlana, okuyinto kuba ifomu ifomula ezahlukene (F = μ N), ukunquma yokusabela force.

hudula Coefficient lapho beya yethulwa Ucwaningo ngoba evele ezimbili bezihlikihla incike izinga lokucubungula nezezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ithebula. Isici ukumelana ngoba evele ezahlukene

Ubuningi static ngomshikisho amandla, ifomula eye wawulotshwe ngenhla uthi, linganquma kanye elislayidayo amandla kokukhuhlana.

Lokhu kuba ebalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ukuzimisela amabutho ukushayela ukumelana naye. Ngokwesibonelo, incwadi enophephela isandla sicindezelwe zivela phezulu, umba ngaphansi isenzo uhlezi ukumelana ezenzeka phakathi kwesandla kanye incwadi. Inani ukumelana kuncike ukubaluleka mpo ingcindezi amandla encwadini.

Lo mkhuba ugingqe

Inguquko wawobaba kusukela bushelelezi ukuba izinqola kubhekwe izinguquko. Amasondo okusungulile - kufike komkhulu wabo okusungulile isintu. ngomshikisho Rolling ukuthi kwenzeka uma ukuhamba isondo ebusweni kakhulu kunabayeni ukubaluleka ngokuhambisa ukumelana.

Okuvela ugingqe ngomshikisho amabutho elihlobene ne ingcindezi amabutho evamile kwamasondo kwamanzi, has a imvelo esihlukanisa siye. Ngenxa ukusonteka kancane isondo kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuvumelana amabutho ingcindezi endaweni yesikhulumi isikhungo futhi kwakhiwa ngaleso imiphetho yayo. Lo mehluko wenza inquma amandla futhi ukuvela ukumelana kweqa.

ifomula Kubalwa kweqa ngomshikisho amabutho sivame inqubo efanayo plain. Umehluko kungabonwa kuphela abakuzuzile isilinganiso ukumelana.

Nature ukumelana

Lapho kushintshwa maholoholo we evele ngomshikisho nokushintsha ukubaluleka ibutho ukuhilizisana. With ukwanda okukhulu evele amabili angomakhelwane ibukeke uhlevane ezilele abukhali. Lapho ukusakaza is ophumile izitho zomzimba e ukuxhumana nomunye. Oxhumana endaweni Imininingwane incane. Lapho ushayela noma izama ezinyakazayo zemizimba "iphakama" ukudala ukumelana. Ubukhulu bebutho ngomshikisho akuxhomekile endaweni evele contact.

Kubonakala sengathi evele ezimbili ngokuphelele bushelelezi akufanele ukuzwa ngokuphelele ukumelana. Ngo umkhuba ibutho ngomshikisho kulokhu esiphezulu. Lokhu kuchazwe ubunjalo okuvela ukungafani amabutho. Lokhu amandla kazibuthe esebenza phakathi kwama-athomu yemizimba abasizanayo.

izinqubo Mechanical kungukuthi ephelezelwa ukungezwani nemvelo, azinakwenzeka, ngoba kungenzeka "nqamula" ukuxhumana kagesi kweenhlangano icala lapho. Ukuthola uzibuse amabutho ukumelana phezu izikhundla isihlobo yemizimba kusivumela ukubabiza nonpotential.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, amandla friction, ifomula zazo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi Isivinini yemizimba uxhumana kuyinto wakhona kabili ijubane okuhambisanayo. Ngalokhu amandla osebenza amandla ukuze ukumelana viscous ketshezi.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela in the ketshezi kanye negesi

Okunzima okuqinile in uketshezi noma igesi, uketshezi eduze eqinile kuhambisana ukumelana viscous. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo kuthiwa wenziwa nokuxhumana izingqimba okusamanzi entrained okuqinile phakathi ukunyakaza. Ezahlukene isivinini izingqimba - umthombo friction viscous. Isici yalesi imihlola - akukho ngomshikisho ketshezi static. Kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bale zangaphandle umthelela umzimba waqalisa, ngokuba in the ketshezi.

Kuye ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya yokumelana amandla kunqunywa ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya, ukuma komzimba ezihambayo viscosity uketshezi. Isidumo amanzi namafutha zomzimba owodwa kuhambisana ukumelana ahlukahlukene ngobukhulu.

Ukuze velocities ezincane: F = kV, lapho k - proportionality Coefficient kuncike Ubukhulu komugqa umzimba kanye izakhiwo medium, v - Isivinini zomzimba.

uketshezi lokushisa sithinta ngomshikisho therein. Ngo sezulu nesithwathwa imoto sishiswa ukuze amafutha sekuqala ukufudumala (viscosity incipha) futhi yasiza ekunciphiseni ukubhujiswa injini e yokuxhumana.

Ukwanda isivinini

nokwanda okuphawulekayo Isivinini komzimba kungenza flow yezinxushunxushu, ukumelana kwandisa ngokucijile. Ukubaluleka yilezi: esigcawini velocity, kwabantu naphakathi nomzimba surface area. Ifomula bebutho ngomshikisho liba uhlobo oluhlukile:

F = kV ² lapho k - proportionality Coefficient kuncike komzimba nezakhiwo medium, v - Isivinini zomzimba.

Uma umzimba ukunikeza umumo ovikelekile, isiyaluyalu zingancishiswa. Ubujamo amahlengethwa umzimba nemikhomo - isibonelo esiphelele imithetho yemvelo ezithinta izinga kwezilwane.

indlela yamandla

Yenza umsebenzi umzimba kuvimbela ukumelana ukufuduka of the medium. Uma usebenzisa umthetho ukulondolozwa amandla uthi ushintsho amandla awayindwayo elilingana nebutho ukuhilizisana.

Umsebenzi amandla libalwe ifomula: A = Fscosα, lapho F - force, ngaphansi isenzo lapho umzimba washukunyiswa s ibanga, α - engela phakathi izinkomba force kanye ukufuduka.

Ngokusobala, amandla ukuhudula kuyinto okuphambene kuya ukunyakaza komzimba, lapho cosα = -1. Sebenza amabutho kokukhuhlana ifomula lapho A ine uhlobo _Tp = - FS, ukubaluleka ezimbi. Uma lokhu amandla mechanical iguqulwe ibe wezangaphakathi (ukusonteka, Ukushisa).