Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin: Kunezindaba ukuhlaziywa "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu"

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin ingenye abalobi edume kunazo Russian we maphakathi XIX leminyaka. Imisebenzi yakhe ziye yalotshwa njengezingoma zohlobo oluthile inganekwane, kodwa essence yabo ngisho simple, futhi baqonde okushiwo akuncikile phezu, njengasezinsukwini ebuntwaneni nozakwabo evamile.

On the yomlobi

Ukutadisha umsebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin, omunye sekunzima ukuthola kulo okungenani eyodwa inganekwane. Emibhalweni yakhe umbhali ngokuvamile isebenzisa njengoba elibi idivayisi etemibhalo. Ingqikithi reception ihaba kakhulu, reductio isikhangiso absurdum njengoba izithombe abalingiswa kanye izenzakalo ezenzeka kubo. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin kungase kubonakale scary futhi unonya kakhulu, ngisho umuntu omdala, ake abantwana sisodwa.

Omunye imisebenzi edume kunazo Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin kuyinto inganekwane "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu." Kuyo, njengoba emisebenzini yakhe yonke, it has a nohlonze. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuhlaziya yezinganekwane Saltykov-Shchedrin sika "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu," kumelwe sikhumbule indaba yayo.

indaba

Tale iqala neqiniso ukuthi umlingisi losemcoka, unogwaja, impisi yamathafa siphela esidlule endlini. Wolf okrikivaet hare umcela ukuba lakhe, kodwa umzalwane akuvimbi, futhi eminye unezela abahambayo. Impisi lungamfica futhi isola ukuthi nonogwaja akalalelanga okokuqala. Ihlathi nomzingeli awuyeka eduze isihlahla futhi uthi ngeke udle ezinsukwini 5.

A hare ukuthi wagijima waya umakoti wakhe. Lapha uhlezi, uthi isikhathi sokufa futhi ubona - ezisheshayo kuye umzalwane likamakoti. UMfoweth 'ulandisa indlela ezimbi umlobokazi, futhi ingxoxo lizwakele Wolf nge yena-impisi. Bayaphuma futhi ukubika ukuthi ezikhishwe elika nonogwaja ukuze ngithi goodbye. Kodwa nge isimo ukuthi bayobuyela udliwe ngosuku. Isihlobo Ngokuzayo nje ukuhlala futhi, esimweni non-refoulement, Kuyodliwa. Uma unogwaja ebuya, kungenzeka ukuthi zombili yiba nesihe.

Hare ugijimela umakoti isebenzisa fast ngokwanele. Indoda imtshela yonke indaba lezihlobo zakhe. Ukubuya bekungeke kube iyathandeka, kodwa izwi unikezwa, futhi amagama hare ze thula. Ngakho-ke, bye nge umakoti, unogwaja ugijimela emuva.

Isebenzisa, futhi ngendlela wahlangana izithiyo ahlukahlukene, futhi unomuzwa wokuthi akanayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukucabanga ayibhampise wonke amabutho kanye kuphela unezela abahambayo. Phela, ayezinike izwi lakhe. Ekugcineni, nomvundla ngokulambisa uphatha ukulondoloza umfowabo umakoti. A impisi futhi bathi baze babe, nakakhulu iyohlala ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Mhlawumbe lapho nomusa.

ukuhlaziya

Ukuze anikeze umbono ophelele umkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuhlaziya inganekwane "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu" ohlelweni:

• yobudala isici.
• lokusungula Izici kombhali.
• Abalingiswa.
• Kufanekisa nesithombe.

Isakhiwo akuyona jikelele, kodwa ikuvumela ukwakha logic kunesidingo. Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, yezinganekwane ukuhlaziywa "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu" ukuba kwenziwe, ngokuvamile wabhala izingcezu ezindabeni zamanje. Ngakho, ekhulwini XIX kwaba nezokusigcoba kakhulu isihloko ukunganeliseki emandleni obukhosi nokucindezelwa nguhulumeni. Lokhu kufanele kunakwe ngokuhlaziya yezinganekwane Saltykov-Shchedrin sika "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu."

kwezakhi ehlukehlukene yomphakathi ukuze aphendule iziphathimandla ngezindlela ezahlukene. Othile uye wangisekela futhi wazama ukuzihlanganisa nothile, kunalokho, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze ushintshe isimo. Nokho, iningi labantu ahaqa yokwesaba izimpumputhe, futhi lutho babekwazi ukukwenza kodwa abalalela. Iphinde wayechaza ukuthini Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-inganekwane "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu" kufanele ziqalise ukuze ubonise - nonogwaja lifanekisela ngokunembile uhlobo yokugcina zabantu.

Abantu abafani: smart, uyisiwula, onesibindi, ngobugwala. Nokho, konke lokhu akusho lutho uma bengenayo amabutho ukuze ziyakwenyanyisa umcindezeli. Ngesimo impisi hare yizicukuthwane uyadelela lezihlakaniphi ubonisa ukwethembeka nobuqotho bakhe maqondana omunye ocindezela kubo.

Ekhuluma ngendlela hare njengoba kuchazwe Saltykov-Shchedrin, yezinganekwane ukuhlaziywa "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu" kufanele bahlathulule ugqozi protagonist. Igama nonogwaja - ngokwethembeka. Wayengeke ukuwuchitha. Nokho, lokhu kuholela yokuthi ukuphila luba buthaka Lomvundla, ngoba ubonisa izimfanelo zayo ezinhle maqondana impisi, okuyinto waqale wamphatha ngonya.

Hare neze icala. Wavele wagijimela umlobokazi, futhi impisi ngokuzithandela kunquma ukulishiya ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Noma kunjalo iziphambano hare phezu ngokwalo uqukethe izwi. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi yonke onogwaja lomkhaya liqhubeka umzalwane engajabule ahluleka kuzo ukubonisa isibindi futhi ukubaleka impisi, nomvundla ayikwazanga ubuyele emuva, hhayi izwi lakhe, nomakoti namanje umuntu.

isiphetho

Saltykov-Shchedrin, ogama ukuhlaziywa kwakungelona inganekwane "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu" so simple, ngendlela evamile wazichaza ngokoqobo elibi isikhathi sakhe. Phela, abantu-izinyoni ekhulwini XIX, babebaningi, futhi lokhu ukulalela inkinga abamnene ingathiyeki kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa Russia njengoba isimo.

Ekuphetheni

Ngakho lena kwakuyimpendulo ukuhlaziywa inganekwane "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu" (Saltykov-Shchedrin), ngokuvumelana cebo ingasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya eminye imisebenzi. Njengoba ubona, elula Uma unganakile, indaba kwaba caricature eliqhakazile abantu bangaleso sikhathi, futhi incazelo yalo ngaphakathi ekujuleni. Ukuze uzwisise ukudalwa umbhali, kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi akalokothi abhale lutho lutho. Yonke imininingwane esiqintini edingekayo ukuze umfundi ukuba siqonde incazelo ezijulile, okuyinto ifakwe umkhiqizo. Lawa ezithakazelisayo yezinganekwane Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin.