Arnold Schoenberg: Biography kanye nomsebenzi kafushane, izithombe

Arnold Schoenberg, emfushane zokudala okuyinto lingachazwa ngokuthi ezintsha, ephila ukuphila ezithakazelisayo futhi engenakulibaleka. Wangena umlando umculo umhlaba njengeluchungechunge wamavukelambuso owenze revolution ukwakheka, wadala esikoleni sakhe umculo, washiya yifa ezithakazelisayo nokunye Umthala wabafundi. Arnold Schoenberg - omunye bomculo kunabo bonke ekhulwini lama-20.

Ebuntwaneni Nomkhaya

Septhemba 13, 1874 ku Vienna, wazalwa Arnold Schoenberg, ogama biography ngeke kube lula, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ezihlobene umculo. umndeni Schoenberg sika wayehlala kumahamba ghetto yamaJuda. Ubaba - Samuweli Schoenberg - wazalwa ngo Pressburg, kwadingeka izicathulo isitolo esincane. Umama - Pauline Nachod - ongowokuzalwa ePrague, kwaba umfundisi upiyano. Arnold kwaba ngakhula kahle, ayengenazo izimpawu ikusasa lakhe elikhulu.

Ukuthola vocations

Kusukela esemncane unina baqala ukufundisa umculo Arnold, wanikeza ithemba. Kodwa izindlela ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo ekhaya wayengekho. Wafunda isayensi self-kwengoma. A izifundo ezimbalwa counterpoint wamnika umalokazana wakhe, umqambi wezingoma odumile Austria futhi umqhubi, elingafunwa uDade Shenberga Matilda washada - Alexander von Zemlinsky. Abaculi abangane abahle kakhulu, impilo yonke wahlala kuthambekela futhi bavame ukusizwa nomunye amathiphu ubuciko ingxabano. Kunconywa Zemlinsky uzakwabo ukuthi ube umlobi professional umculo. Umqambi esizayo Arnold Schoenberg esemncane wawuzwa ngokujulile ukubizwa kwakhe, futhi nakuba izimo babengenabo umusa wakhe, wanikeza sonke isikhathi sakhe esikhululekile umculo.

Ukuqala umculi okhokhelwayo

Umndeni wawuhlala ukuphila eyisicebi, futhi lapho uyise eshona, kuyilapho u-Arnold engu-15, futhi kwaba nzima kakhulu. Le nsizwa kwadingeka ngithathe umsebenzi. Arnold Schoenberg wasebenza njengoba ngelinye ilanga isisebenzi sasebhange, umthengisi ukuthenga wahola abasebenzi abahlabeleli, wabhala orchestrations ngoba operettas. Kodwa akangishiyanga nezifundo zakhe e umculo ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ebhala emisebenzini yakhe siqu. Kakade 1898 e Vienna okokuqala enze imisebenzi by Schoenberg yesehlakalo. Ngo-1901 waya Berlin, lapho wenza izifundo umculo Stern somculo waze kuholela inkambo kwengoma.

Ngalesi sikhathi wazana nomunye Gustavom Malerom, okuyinto kwakufanele nomthelela embonweni kwezwe Schoenberg. Ngo-1903 wabuyela Vienna futhi waqala ukusebenza esikoleni umculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nguye ophethe ukubhala umculo kule nkathi, it is ukondleka isiko esikoleni laseJalimane bomculo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Umsebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yalolu hlelo isigaba yilezi: string Sextet "isimo Ebusuku" inkondlo "Pelleas et Melisande" (1902-1903 GG.), The cantata "Izingoma Gurria" (1900-1911 GG.). Arnold Schoenberg kwahluka umthamo omkhulu umsebenzi, ekuqaleni indlela, wafundisa ngesikhathi esifanayo, wabhala umculo, wanika amakhonsathi.

Biography nomculo

Ngo Schoenberg imisebenzi umqambi sika emithathu nezikhathi: ithoni (kusuka 1898 kuya 1908), atonal (1909-1922 GG.) Futhi dodecaphony (kusukela ngo-1923). Evolution umculi exhumene zokusesha ngoba indlela entsha futhi indlela entsha. Isiphelo sakhe ixhunyaniswe kuqala nge expressionism he kamuva kwenza ezitholwe zakhe wamavukelambuso. Kuze 1907 Schoenberg wathutha ngokuvumelana bendabuko umculo we-classic. Kodwa kulo nyaka kukhona ushintsho olukhulu emhlabeni lakhe kwezobuciko, acabanga okuningi umculo, wabhala umsebenzi theory. Kukhona inkinga yolimi zakhe zomculo, ukunxanela kwandisa dissonance, kodwa namanje unawo ngokuvumelana bendabuko.

Futhi ngo-1909, uqala esiyindilinga entsha ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngo-1911, u-Arnold Schoenberg, ogama biography buthola umfutho emhlabeni umculo, uya emuva Berlin, lapho iminyaka 4 babuka wokuba umbhidisi. Ngu nalesikhathi wayesesimweni kakade umculi owaziwa eYurophu. Ngo-1915, umqambi iminyaka emibili singayiswa empini. Le nkathi libhekene atonal Ithoni ukwenqaba umsebenzi isikhungo Schoenberg 12 imizamo ngokulinganayo isicelo ithoni esikalini chromatic. Ngo-1923, wathola isihloko uprofesa wesayensi umculo isimemo sokuyosebenza ngesikhathi Berlin School of Music. Nge eza emandleni amaNazi ngo-1933, Schoenberg waxoshwa Conservatory, futhi, ngenxa yokwesabela ekushushisweni, njengoba emelele wesizwe samaJuda, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Okokuqala waya eFrance, kwathi kamuva e-United States.

Isikhathi wesithathu umqambi imakwe ezitholwe zakhe ezinkulu. Useqala gravitate ngase inhlangano okunengqondo uchungechunge zomculo, le izingoma zakhelwe we amathoni nambili ukuthi angeke zisenzeka kumugqa ofanayo. Ngakho kukhona umculo dodecaphonic. Ngo Shengberga isebenza ngokugcwele libonise inkathi, egcwele izinguquko, kanye nakho kwakhe subjective ngokomzwelo.

imfundiso yokuziphendukela umculo

Umqambi uzamile njalo ukulawula ifomu bese esebenzisa inkulumo umculo wakhe, uyeza ikakhulukazi ngokungazi. Ngakho-ke, akhe wonke nakho eyingqopha reflections banikezwe at amaphepha ezinkulu zesayensi. Ngo-1911, u-Arnold Schoenberg wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ezinkulu theory "Imfundiso bokuthula." Kakade kulo, wachaza imibono yakhe esimayelana nokuvumelana kokuthona, okwakuyinto ebalulekile kakhulu kuye zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe. Le ncwadi ibe umsebenzi kuphela ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe umqambi. Kamuva, uthatha up ngokubhala imisebenzi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, njalo ilungisa futhi appends kubo, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, babengakholwa ishicilelwe.

Kuphela ngo-1994 ukusebenza ekukhanyeni, zenziwe umqulu owodwa - ". Ubuhlobo, counterpoint, okhestra, imfundiso yokungafi ifomu" Lezi zibona on logic zomculo futhi ecabanga ngale okhestra ka bezilolonga e counterpoint futhi awazange igcwaliswe ngumlobi sokuqanjwa, kodwa ukuze abonise indlela okwakukhona nocwaningo lwakhe. "Kubaluleka Ukwakheka Musical" yashicilelwa ngasekupheleni lama-20 amakhosi ekhulwini abafundi. Arnold Schoenberg negalelo elikhulu kuyinkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela umculo, wakwazi ukubona ukuvela umcabango zomculo futhi landulele ukuthuthukiswa yayo eminyakeni ezayo. Emibhalweni yakhe, Schoenberg ibonisa ubuqotho umkhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa umqondo zomculo kuziwa monotonalnosti umqondo.

umsebenzi Sikhungo

Umqambi impilo yonke wahlanganyela nokufundisa - lokuqala esikoleni, bese ngesikhathi somculo e-Berlin. Esekudingisweni, wayesebenza e-Boston University, Southern California, e-Los Angeles, ukufundisa umculo theory kanye nokusungulwa. Arnold Schoenberg wadala yonke isikole bomculo, ethiwa "Okwesibili saseVienna School". Wakhuliswa njengomFarisi abafundi emoyeni wokukhonza umculo, akazange ubatshele ngokuqinile balingise isibonelo sakhe, futhi ifune indlela yabo kuphela siqu kwezobuciko. abafundi abenze kahle kubhekwe A. Berg kanye Anton Webern, ubani kuze kube sekupheleni wahlala ethembekile imibono yakhe futhi ngakhula bomculo ezimele uyakufanelekela othisha bazo. Schoenberg kwaholela zonke izifundo zomculo, kugxilwe ikakhulukazi Polyphony, okuyinto kubhekwa ngesisekelo ubuhle. Kanye nabafundi bakhe umqambi aqhubeka eduze uxhumana futhi ngemva kokukhululwa kwaso, kwaba igunya labo okungahloliwe. Yilokhu ukuvumele ukuba akha namaSewula abantu abanazo.

Dodecaphony Arnolda Shenberga

Arnold Schoenberg, Biography iDemo okungase ngegama elilodwa "dodecaphony", waba ideologue futhi ze for ohlangothini olusha e umculo. Ngo zokusesha sokuloba ukonga kakhulu zomculo umqambi kuziwa umbono 12-ithoni uhlelo kwengoma. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso kwenza umqambi kabusha ufunde ukuqamba umculo, nguye eziningi ukusebenzisa ifomu, ngifuna amathuba amasha zvukochastotnogo zabo indlela.

Kubaluleka ubuchwepheshe obusha-ke ukuhlolwa upiyano izingcezu, okuyinto kusho okuningi. Kamuva, uya nokudalwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu (Suites, quartets, wezinsimbi) e isitayela esisha. Izinto azithola kakhulu ukuthonywa ukuthuthukiswa umculo ekhulwini lama-20. Umbono wakhe, angenalungelo kuhlakulelwe ngokugcwele, abangu wacosha abalandeli, yathuthukiswa, ephelelisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi ukuze yokukhathala. Ligalelo umculo ukuvela emzamweni lula ifomu zomculo.

imisebenzi esemqoka

Arnold Schoenberg bashiya umlando ongeke omkhulu zomculo. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe obaluleke kakhulu yilona opera sidle "UMose no-Aroni," umqondo ukuthi uvele 20s kwekhulu lama-20 futhi ehlanganiswe wonke kwemvelo kanye search for umqambi. Ngo opera Schoenberg sika emelela zonke umbono wakhe zefilosofi, ngomphefumulo wakhe wonke. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba imisebenzi umqambi sika zihlanganisa: "Chamber Symphony", Op. 9, opera "Lucky Hand", 5 Piano Pieces, Op. 23, "Ode kuya Napoleon".

ukuphila Siqu

Arnold Schoenberg, ogama izithombe kuyabonakala nanamuhla kuzo zonke izincwadi ku umlando umculo, wahlala ukuphila okumatasa. Ngaphezu umculo, wayematasa imidwebo, umsebenzi wakhe kuye embukisweni zemibukiso enkulu eYurophu. Wayengumuntu umngane Kokoschka, Kandinsky, kwaba ilungu Prussian Academy of Arts. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, wabhala imisebenzi mayelana 300.

Arnold Schoenberg washada okokuqala ekuseni kakhulu, ngoba ku 1898 waba munye namaProthestani. Unkosikazi bekhohliswa phezu kwakhe, waya lover wakhe, kodwa wabe esebuyela umndeni, nesoka lakhe wazibulala. Umkakhe Matilda wafa ngo-1923, futhi yaphela nenkathi yeziyaluyalu zokuphila umqambi komuntu siqu. Ngemva konyaka washada udadewabo violin nangenjabulo wahlala naye konke ukuphila. Ngo-1933 wanquma ukubuyela enkolweni yobuJuda, kanye sihamba emkhubeni ezifanele Paris esinagogeni.

Wesaba Arnolda Shenberga

Umqambi zihlakaniphe kakhulu, amakhono izibalo, kodwa futhi isimiso engenangqondo wawuyinqaba kuye. imfuna nokujaha ukwesaba eziyinqaba kokungabaza. Kuyini umqambi kakhulu esabe Arnold Schoenberg? Yena wayenenkinga yokwesaba ezingavamile - watatazela at the emehlweni 13. wazalwa Yena kule nombolo, a lifetime ukugwema izindlu amakamelo ehhotela ngaphansi kwalesi sibalo. Ngakho lokho uyesaba Arnold Schoenberg ekugcineni? Izinombolo? Cha, yebo wayesaba ukufa. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi wayezokufa ku-13 ukuthi sibalo 76 - esibalelwa 13 - ngiyomletha ukufa. Zonke unyaka wakhe oluzayo 76th lokuzalwa, wayephila ukungabaza, kwaze kwaba ngosuku oluthile sengilele ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukufa kuzofika kuye namuhla. Wachitha usuku lonke embhedeni, elinde sokucina. Lapho ilanga lishona, umfazi yaphuka kwamphoqa ukuba ayeke ukwenza izinto abayiziphukuphuku nabangahlakaniphile ukuvuka embhedeni. Kodwa kumaminithi 13 ngaphambi kwamabili, wathi igama elithi "ngokuvumelana 'futhi washiya leli zwe. Ngakho, ngo-July 13, 1951 izwe elahlekile umqambi omkhulu.