Mudflow ngo Sochi, Georgia, Taba noLars

Ukuba nesithakazelo izenzakalo ezweni futhi izwe ngokubheka izindaba izifunzo, kuvamile ukubona izithombe, amavidiyo yezinhlekelele zemvelo okubangelwa mudslide. Wezinhlekelele emhlabeni kuba more: Ingabe indaba yesivuvu jikelele idinga ukuba asolwe, mhlawumbe, umsebenzi womuntu, noma iplanethi yethu uqobo egcina ezithile "inhlekelele" yomlando walo kwabanye nezinye izizathu, kodwa imiphumela yezinhlekelele zihlale okufanayo. abantu Uthukile, ababaleki, amakhaya elahlekile nezinto ezibonakalayo, wabulala izinkomo kanye namathafa wayonakalisiwe, izolo kuphela kwakubonakala inganekwane, futhi namuhla bafana isithombe amafilimu on isihloko apocalypse. Kusukela okufanayo ngendlela mudflow, yini engenziwa ukuze ugweme nokufa nokubhujiswa, noma wenze nemiphumela okungenani inhlekelele?

Kuyini wezolimo emvelweni?

Igama elisuka Arabhu. Ukuhumusha kusho "flow yezinxushunxushu". Anodaka udaka isisindo, begijima ngejubane elikhulu, ayihlwanyelayo ukufa, uzokhukhula konke endleleni yayo - izakhiwo, namathafa, kanye nazo zonke izakhamuzi zakhona, kusukela izilwane nabantu. Mudflow kuqukethe inclusions kanzima: amatshe ezinkulu kanye nezincane, idwala izinhlayiya, ngenhlanhla, kungaba enkulu Isibalo esingaphezulu kwengxenye isisindo ingqikithi. uma uya ezindaweni eziningi ezintabeni lapho isikhathi eside, banomlando omude, ngokujabula ukugwema izinhlekelele zemvelo, kodwa ngokwemvelo kukhona into engavamile, oluyisimangaliso (okusheshayo nasemvuleni zeluliwe, ukufudumala okusheshayo, ngokuhlanganiswa ukuncibilika ngokushesha kakhulu iqhwa, a yeqhwa ezintabeni) - kanye Something Wicked Ngale Ndlela Iza. Isebenzisa izakhi kudlangile ngokuvamile esifushane, amahora ambalwa, kodwa lokhu kungaphezu ngokwanele ukuze abangele ungalungiseki eminyakeni embalwa umonakalo imvelo kanye nabantu, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, kwathiwa emva kwafika 2013 mudslide eGeorgia. Khona-ke, ngenxa inhlekelele liye ikhubazeke ngokuphelele traffic. umonakalo Enough sina uye waletha futhi mudflow e Taba (kuzovela ngomzuzwana).

izici

Mudflow has a eliphezulu kakhulu ijubane ezihambayo. Mud isisindo ngokuvamile zavele, ngaphandle kokuvumela ngokwanele ukuthatha izinyathelo tekusebenta ukuvikela abantu nemvelo. Mudflow ehlanganisa rock kanzima wenziwa ngesilinganiso kwamamitha ngomzuzwana 2.4 kuya 6.4. Ngenxa nokunyamalala ezizungezile landscape kungathatha zezinkulumo ehluke ngokuphelele: amatshe nje kwamahora ambalwa udle ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni entsha nemifudlana, ungqimba doti nokungcola ihlanganisa Piedmont evundile ethafeni esetshenziswa kakhulu yokutshala izimila nokuklaba. Ukuqhakaza Valley iba efile futhi ongakulungele eziphilayo kanye nomsebenzi. Mudflow angaya ngezigaba eziningana, ngamunye igagasi elisha okwengeziwe okwandisa ubukhulu inhlekelele.

Ziyini izimbangela zalesi simo yemvelo?

1. Stormy nasemvuleni isikhathi eside. Uma injalo indaba lendawo 'isikhukhula emhlabeni ", babebheke ncamashi ne avela ezintabeni mudflows, ababhubhayo abantu kanye nezakhiwo.
2. Cijela ukufudumala, okuyinto has a uhlamvu ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, noma off-inkathi, okungase kubangele ukuncibilika kweqhwa kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Kutholwe ngaphansi emzaneni yeqhwa uhlale kwengozi.
3. Ezindaweni nge ukuchema kuzo esikhulu emlanjeni kungaba igoqe ingxenye enkulu phansi udoti futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuvimba wamanzi, ulithumele kwenye, indlela ezingalindelekile, inhlamvu izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze.

Yini ukukhonza izici njengoba ezengeziwe, ingqondo enhlekeleleni?

Tree izimpande uqinise kahle izingqimba engenhla kwenhlabathi, ekuvimbeleni ke ekuphokopheleni, ngisho lapho zihlatshwa notshwala yimvula enamandla noma weathering ngoba ukugawula sokungacabangi ihlathi emasimini - yezimbangela eziyinhloko okwandisa kokusongelwa izinhlekelele zemvelo yalolu hlobo. Yahlala izimbangela zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: ngenxa ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye ukuphumelela landslip.

Baphi foci of yingozi?

Dangerous esikhathini eside, kungaba noma iyiphi ingxenye umfula entabeni, okuyinto aqoqana kalula eshukunyiswa amanzi imisinga inhlabathi, idwala. Kungenzeka sebeziqhumbuza noma Ruts, kanye emaphaketheni bahlakazeka mudflow.

ngezigaba foci

Imigodi - imfundo emithambekeni, besika idwala, Turf amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi, zingabantu ezincane ubude nokuphakama nokujula, futhi akusho ingozi, kuze ukusakaza, okungaholela ukuhamba amatshe. Imbobo - imfundo esekelwe ezifakwa moraine, ahlobene nezinguquko abukhali ekuphakameni. Ziyakwazi umsuka lwasendulo. sebeziqhumbuza Young kungenzeka ngenxa umsebenzi wakamuva mlilo ngenxa kwenhlabathi, mudslides. Sebeziqhumbuza imigodi emikhulu kuleli ukujula kanye nobungako. mudflow bahlakazeka kungenzeka ezindaweni intaba lapho bagxila eziningi rock izingcezwana eziyizinsalela, weathering imikhiqizo. endaweni enjalo ebusweni eside zingavela kokuzamazama komhlaba yamuva, esebenzayo inqubo zomhlaba. Ingaphezulu lezi anemifantu embozwe izilonda, lapho imikhiqizo kancane kancane buthelela doti, okungase, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukuze uhlangane ku umgudu owodwa futhi ukuceka namandla alo izinto esisogwini eyehlelayo.

Indlela yokuvimbela izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze?

Njengoba esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko sokuqoqa amanzi imfucumfucu notshwala ukushonelwa ihlathi umi, inkinga ingase ukuxazulula emasimini. izakhiwo umfutholuketshezi (okugqoma, embankments, kufunwe), baphambukisa engase ukusakaza esiyingozi zingakhiqiza omuhle eside. Ukufakwa kwamadamu endleleni emifuleni esiyingozi futhi creeks alibale ingxenye nokuxhaswa emthambekeni mass, okuyinto kancane buthaka amandla ayo okubhubhisa. Noma yimuphi omunye izakhiwo (imigodi, amachibi, amadamu) zinciphisa ingozi inhlekelele, kubalulekile ukuqinisa ezingwini, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka yabo, ikakhulukazi uma etholakala ogwini isakhiwo. Kusukela ukudlula mudflows ngokuvamile uhlushwa komzila womgwaqo, sokuvikelwa zazo kungcono ukwakha emathileyi (itshe noma ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu) phezu komgwaqo noma ngaphansi kwalo ezindaweni eziyingozi.

I izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze edume kakhulu futhi imiphumela yabo, futhi ibhalwe isayensi zomlando

1. Kusukela 17 kuya 18 Agasti 1891 e-Tyrol, e-Austria Alps, owehla a mudflow elikhulu: wave ifinyelele ukuphakama 18 metres, endaweni enkulu laligcwele ungqimba obukhulu doti ukugeleza mass.
2. Mashi 1, 1938 hit Los Angeles, yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-200.
3. July 8, 1921 Okuphakelayo hit Alma-Ata (manje i-Alma-Ata), amagagasi eziningana alethwe 3.5 million square metres emzini. m impahla kanzima.
4. Ngo-1970, kwaba khona ngengozi ePeru, yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka 60,000 ngenxa doti ukugeleza umsebenzi, futhi 800,000 besale dengwane, walahlekelwa impahla yabo, basala ngaphandle uphahla phezu kwamakhanda abo.

Izingozi namuhla

1. Januwari 24, 2013 kwafika mudslide ngo Sochi. Emiswa ngenxa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokuphumelelayo kwenziwe umsebenzi ukwakhiwa nezivikelo kwabaphathi bedolobha.
2. Meyi 8, 2014 emngceleni kweGibhite bese ngikhipha amaIsrayeli ngenxa yezimvula kwase Ugcwalise amahhotela eziningana. Kwabe sekufika mudflow e Taba, hit umgwaqo. Imiphumela zakhishwa esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto.
3. May 17, 2014 kwafika mudslide eGeorgia, eduze zokuhlala Gveleti. Flow ivinjiwe Terek emfuleni. ingxenye yomgwaqo sivaliwe "eVladikavkaz-Lars" yavela usongo okuseduze ugcwalise imizana eminingana. Inkathazo isidlulile - amanzi 'luthole' isiteshi yesikhashana, futhi izinga layo akazange idlule sezingeni eliyingozi. Lapho wehla mudslide e Lars, izinyathelo ezidingekile zithathiwe ngesikhathi, abantu balapha ngokushesha zayiswa endaweni ephephile.