Dzhon Lokk: imibono eziyisisekelo. Dzhon Lokk - Isazi sefilosofi esiyiNgisi

Izimfundiso Dzhona Lokka kwakufanele nomthelela kwi imibuzo wefilosofi, imfundo, umthetho futhi isimo, okwakukhona olufanele phakathi nekhulu le-17. Nguye owasungula we izimfundiso ezintsha zezombusazwe kanye lomthetho, okuyinto kamuva yase yaziwa ngokuthi "isifundiso ekuseni wobunxiwankulu liberalism."

biography

Locke wazalwa ngo 1632 emndenini kwamaPuritan. Bafunde at Westminster Isikole Christ Church College. Ngo ekolishi, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezesayensi uthisha LamaGreki ulimi, ifilosofi kanye mpendulo. Phakathi nale nkathi iboshelwe ajwayelane edumile usosayensi yemvelo URobert Boyle. Ndawonye kanye naye, Locke wachitha kokuqondisa metrological, i-chemistry wafunda ngokujulile. Ngemva kwalokho, Dzhon Lokk sina wafunda wezokwelapha nasemkhakheni 1668 yaba ilungu le iRoyal Society of London.

Ngo 1667, Dzhon Lokk wahlangana Nkosi Eshli Kuperom. Lo muntu okungavamile iphikisana emagcekeni ezigodlo futhi wagxeka umbuso kwamanje. Dzhon Lokk eshiya befundisa futhi upha izindlu weNkosi Cooper njengoba umngane wakhe, umngane nodokotela siqu.

ezombangazwe umzamo kuhlulekile umbuso esigodlweni ophoqelelwe Nkosi Ashley ukuba abalekele ugu abahlala bomdabu. Ukulandela kuye yathuthela eNetherlands futhi Dzhon Lokk. Imibono eziyisisekelo owaletha ososayensi abaziwayo, kwamiswa ngokungenaphutha ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Ayichitha ngelezizwe, baye baba ukundlula emsebenzini Locke sika.

Izinguquko ezenzeka e-England ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, Locke avunyelwa ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Isazi sefilosofi ukusebenza ngokuzithandela uhulumeni omusha futhi phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi edingekayo ukuze izikhundla ezibalulekile ngaphansi kwabaphathi abasha. Thumela obhekene yezokuhwebelana kanye amakoloni waba zakamuva umsebenzi usosayensi sika. isifo samaphaphu kubangela ukuba asule esikhundleni sakhe, futhi ukuphila kwakhe konke ayihlala edolobheni Oates, ifa abangane bakhe abaseduze.

Okulandelayo ifilosofi

The main umsebenzi zefilosofi usosayensi futhi kwaziwa kahle ukuthi njengoba "Indzaba Ngokuphathelene Ukuqonda Human." Esikhathini indatshana kwembula simiso enokwehla (lokuhlola) nefilosofi. Isisekelo iziphetho akuzona yokucabanga enengqondo, kodwa isipiliyoni sangempela. Ngakho uthi Dzhon Lokk. Ifilosofi leli cebo wayelwa emhlabeni-ohlelweni olukhona. Kulesi umsebenzi, usosayensi ibonisa ukuthi isisekelo lapho kutadishwa izwe kuyinto sezinzwa, futhi kuphela ngosizo ukubhekwa ingafinyelela ulwazi ithembekile, ngempela futhi ibe sobala.

Eceleni inkolo

imisebenzi Scientific wesazi sefilosofi nokukhathalela ngentuthuko ka ezikhungweni zenkolo ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi e-England. wesandla eyaziwayo "Ukuvikeleka non-conformism" futhi "An Essay on ukubekezelela", olwasungulwa Dzhon Lokk. Uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka ngamafuphi kulezi azibhala awashicilelwe, futhi uhlelo ngokugcwele amadivayisi isonto, inkinga endabeni yenkululeko yokulalela unembeza nenkolo yethulwa kuleli "Incwadi Ngokuphathelene ukubekezelela."

Lo msebenzi usungula wonke umuntu ilungelo lenkululeko kanembeza. Usosayensi unxusa zikahulumeni ukuqaphela kukhethwa inkolo welungelo inalienable zonke isakhamuzi. Ibandla kweqiniso emisebenzini yayo, ngokuvumelana usosayensi, ukuba ephikisayo onesihe nonozwela; amandla zeSonto nezimfundiso zeSonto kumele ayeke udlame kunoma yiluphi uhlobo. Nokho, ukubekezelelana ethembekile akufanele ukunweba kulabo ungayazi imithetho wezomthetho isimo, ophika izindinganiso zokuziphatha somphakathi ukuba khona kweNkosi, ngokuvumelana Dzhon Lokk. Umqondo oyinhloko 'Incwadi Ngokuphathelene ukubekezelela "- ukulingana kwamalungelo abo bonke imiphakathi engokwenkolo futhi ukwehlukana isimo igunya lesonto.

"Ukuba nengqondo kobuKristu njengoba uvezwa emiBhalweni," umsebenzi yakamuva wesazi sefilosofi, lapho ugomela ubunye noNkulunkulu. UbuKristu ngokuyinhloko - iqoqo izindinganiso ezigxilile zokuziphatha, okuyinto kufanele ihambisane wonke umuntu, ngokusho Dzhon Lokk. IziNyathelo wesazi sefilosofi emkhakheni wenkolo, izimfundiso zenkolo ziye zayibeka induku ezindaweni ezimbili ezintsha - deism English latitudinarizmom - imfundiso kaZiqu wokwamukela.

Okulandelayo kuyinkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela umthetho

umbono wakhe ummango wentsandvo J. kudivayisi. Locke evezwe umsebenzi "ezimbili azibhala wezoHulumeni". Isisekelo imisebenzi-ifundiso isimo izindawo elivela kuzo "kungokwemvelo" umphakathi abantu. Ngokusho usosayensi, ekuqaleni ukuba khona abantu abangeke asazile impi, bonke bayalingana, futhi "akekho yayinkulu kunamanye." Nokho, umphakathi enjalo, akukho emizimbeni okugada, okwakuyoholela ukuqeda umehluko, ukuxazulula ngempahla, esetshenziswa ukwenza lokugwetshwa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe amalungelo ezakhamuzi zabantu bakha umphakathi zezombusazwe - isimo. zemfundo Ukuthula yomphakathi esekelwe kwemvume yabo bonke abantu - ukuthi siyini isisekelo ukudalwa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. Ngakho uthi Dzhon Lokk.

Umqondo oyinhloko isimo inguquko yezenhlalo kumiswa iziphathimandla zezombusazwe kanye zokwahlulela, okwakuyoholela ukuvikela amalungelo abo bonke abantu. Ukuze isimo unelungelo lokusebenzisa amandla ukuze bazivikele ekuhlaselweni angaphandle, kanye ukuqapha nokulandela imithetho yasekhaya. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela Dzhona Lokka ebekwe kulo msebenzi, uthi ilungelo lokususa uhulumeni izakhamuzi abangafuni ukwenza imisebenzi yabo noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla.

Okulandelayo ku pedagogy

"Abanye Imicabango Ngokuphathelene Ezemfundo." - indzaba John Locke, lapho yena uveza ukuthi imvelo has ngethonya wengane juqu. Ekuqaleni sokuthuthuka, ingane ngaphansi kwethonya abazali nabafundisi abafuna kuye model zokuziphatha. Njengoba zikhula ingane ithola khulula. Wakhokha ukunakekela sefilosofi kanye imfundo ngokomzimba izingane. Imfundo, njengoba kushiwo incwadi, kufanele esekelwe ukusetshenziswa nolwazi ongalusebenzisa kudingekile ekuphileni emphakathini ngendlela yobunxiwankulu, kunokuba cwaningo isayensi esikoleni ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo. Lo msebenzi uye wagxeka uMbhishobhi Worcester, ubani Locke ngokuphindaphindiwe bahlanganyele polemics, sivikele imibono yabo.

Mark kumlando

Isazi sefilosofi, ummeli, umholi wezenkolo, uthisha kanye isikhulumi - konke lokhu Dzhon Lokk. ifilosofi yakhe azibhala ukuhlangabezana nezimfuno okusebenzayo kanye theory kwekhulu entsha - ngekhulu le-Enlightment, okutholakele, ngesayensi entsha futhi uthi ezintsha.