Singabongi: isakhiwo ngokuningiliziwe

Joint amadolo, isakhiwo okumele eyaziwayo ukuthi wonke umuntu abathintekayo kwezemidlalo, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni womuntu. Lakhiwa amathambo amathathu. Isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela amadolo yomuntu ngenxa indawo yayo. I amaphethelo ala mathambo obumba isakhiwo limbozwa uqwanga obukhulu kakhulu 6 mm obukhulu. Linikeza omunye wemisebenzi emikhulu ngokuhlanganyela - ukushaqeka ukumuncwa uma uhamba.

Kwedolo ngokuhlanganyela, isakhiwo

Photo usikhombisa isakhiwo eziyisisekelo emalungeni: imisipha, amathambo, meniscus, nemisipha (cruciate), imizwa nemithambo yegazi. Qala ebuka isakhiwo yayo amathambo. Kumiswa isihlanganisi by amathambo amathathu. Amabili eside - tibia ijabulise futhi kunawo wonke. Eyesithathu - the patella. Yena imikiswe ukuma elincane kakhulu. It sise phambi. Kunawo wonke phansi yakha condyles - ziboya embozwe uqwanga. Lezi projection kukhona nabo okubizwa ngokuthi tibial ithafa, eyakhiwa yena, ka halves ezimbili. I patella ihamba ku umkhombe ye ukucindezeleka lapho kumiswa condyles. Lokhu futhi kuthiwa yi inkatho patellofemoral. Fibula isebangeni singatsheki kusukela tibialis. Ngo ukwakheka kwedolo ingabe akukuningi yini okuhilelekile.

Isakhiwo kanye nencazelo uqwanga

Umsebenzi lendwangu - shock Damping, ukunciphisa amandla kokukhuhlana ngesikhathi ukunyakaza. Kuyadingeka, lapho ithambo evele ezimbili ukukuthinta ngokumelene nomunye. uqwanga Articular wenziwe phakathi nesikhathi esifushane. Esikhathini knee ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela imikhawulo kunawo wonke futhi tibia, kodwa futhi ebusweni patella. izicubu Uqwanga kuyinto ngezinhlobo eziningi. Esikhathini knee - hyaline. Isici yalesi Indwangu kuyinto okuqukethwe amanzi high in the ketshezi intercellular. Lokhu kunikeza eguquguqukayo kanye kusiza ukuvikela ukulimala joint kwedolo.

Isakhiwo nemisipha futhi menisci

Okuwugqinsi zezinzwa izicubu ekwakhekeni, le kokungathembeki uphela amathambo ngokuthi nemisipha. Endabeni idolo egobolondweni lelunga baqinise yayo izakhiwo ezinjalo ezimbili kusukela ngaphandle - the ezilingene medial. Futhi ezimbili ngaphakathi - phambi futhi cruciate labaqaphi elingemuva. Ibeka imingcele ezindleleni ezinyakazayo ngokweqile ohlangothini anteroposterior, ekuvimbeleni siye isihlobo ukuba kunawo wonke. Zonke nemisipha amadolo kumcoka ukusebenza kwawo esitebeleni. Phakathi kunawo wonke kanye tibia ahlelwe okwakheke ezimbili ngokuthi meniscus. Lemisebenti ingaphindze ngokuthi uqwanga, nakuba isakhiwo ngayo ihlukile isakhiwo hyaluronic esehlanganise ebusweni articular. Menisci bagcwalise isikhala phakathi ithafa tibial futhi ekupheleni articular ka kunawo wonke.
Kwabonakala sengathi ukukhonza njengephayona gasket nezimo, ukuphinde sihambise isisindo. Ngaphandle kwawo, wonke umuntu namandla aso ngabe igxile ngesinye isikhathi ku ithafa tibial. Tinhlobo letimbili menisci (medial kanye lateral) uxhumeke kwi-umsipha lateral. I lateral (yangaphandle) akuvamile ezilimele ngenxa ukuhamba kwaso okukhulu. I kwangaphakathi (medial) meniscus etholakala eduze kwangaphakathi umsipha ezilingene has a lability aphansi. Lokhu kungenxa ukuhlukumezeka yayo njalo. Ngo maphakathi meniscus mkhulu kunokhalo emaphethelweni - it yakha umgodi elincane ithafa tibial, futhi kwenza ngokuhlanganyela sizinze kakhulu. Uma emisipheni kwakungafanele, siyoba ukungalingani okukhulu ezingalweni nasemilenzeni ephansi, futhi kangaki ona joint kwedolo. Isakhiwo amalungu asekelayo inikeza amadolo ukuzinza kuye

Bursa

Baqamba amanga eduze ezicubwini. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke - patellar (ngaphansi umsipha quadriceps), it acishe akasakhulumi nge ngalo ingaphakathi ngokuhlanganyela. Umhlane ujulile isikhwama podnadkolennaya e ukujiya ngokuhlanganyela - kancane kancane. Lapho ngokugcwalisa ezinye zalezi uketshezi lwamalunga ungakheka izinhlumba.

Imisipha ehilelekile flexion nokwelulwa ngokuhlanganyela

Uma uyikha phezulu le phambi kwethanga kuyinto quadriceps. Lapho ekunciphiseni emlenzeni unbent ngesikhathi ngokuhlanganyela kwedolo. Imisipha patella itholakala ukujiya, akhonza njengesigaba Fulcrum nokushintsha isiqondiso motion esidingekile. It kwandisa amandla kwemisipha wathi. Flexors shank (kunawo wonke futhi mayelana idolo) bese kuba umlenze izimisele ngesikhathi ngokuhlanganyela kwedolo.

innervation

Cabanga emsipheni popliteal. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke lezo esisogwini ebusweni ezingemuva ngokuhlanganyela. Lokhu ezinzwa - igatsha le-sciatic. Inikeza innervation olubucayi futhi motor egobolondweni lelunga. Ngenhla ngokuhlanganyela ihlukanisa phakathi tibial nezinzwa peroneal. Ziyakwazi Kuhle kokusho ngoba uma amadolo ukulimala avame lilimele. Futhi ngemuva capsule onika emsipheni obturator. Ezinye amagatsha tibial emsipheni ukuzwela ukunikeza ingxenye yayo posteromedial. Peroneal innervate posteroexternal futhi perednenaruzhnuyu ebusweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isidumbu kancane zokwakheka efanayo ezihambayo, njengoba kwamadolo - isakhiwo kanye innervation ngenombolo enkulu esishintshashintshayo agqagqene inikeza sensitivity high.

liningi igazi

vasculature Olubanzi ezizungezile kwedolo, siqukethe imithambo ezine eziyinhloko, okuyinto kuhlobene bese bakha plexus semithambo (mayelana 13 amanethiwekhi ezifana e-surface ngokuhlanganyela) futhi ngaphakathi kuwo. Esokuqala futhi ngobukhulu Umthambo - femoral. Popliteal, tibial anterior ejulile futhi kancane kancane. Bonke ukuthuthukisa kwegazi eseduze uma kwenzeka ukuthi omunye izitsha izoboshezelwa. Isakhiwo yokwakheka Umthambo popliteal kalula ukucabanga, ukukucaza kube izingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala - phezulu. I sigqoka kungcono olwenziwa ezingeni lesibili. umthambo okukha phezulu emalungeni amadolo ahlelwe izingqimba ezimbili. Deeper emelelwa vein omkhulu saphenous. Surface - inethiwekhi emithambo yegazi evela owengeziwe. Lesi sakamuva ingekho wonke umuntu. Ebusweni ezingemuva ngokuhlanganyela amadolo ushukumisela Vienna encane ongama. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba isiqu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezimbili. Beka ngulona logeleta iyahlukahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile awe popliteal.