Kwezakhi - ikhodi engalungile

Imininingwane ikhodi zonke amaprotheni yomzimba silotshwe DNA yeselula. 4 kuphela zinhlobo elisekela nucleic - futhi inhlanganisela ezingenakubalwa amino acid. Nature waqikelela ukuthi kuyenzeka njalo ukwehluleka kwakungelona ezibucayi futhi benza izakhi zofuzo ikhodi eziphindaphindekayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukufiphala namanje aqala. Ubizwa ngokuthi i-kuguquka. Lokhu kuliphazamise okuqoshiwe ikhodi DNA.

Iwusizo - ezingavamile

Eziningi zalezi Ukuhlanekezelwa (99%) negative okwesikhathi umzimba, okwenza kube theory untenable yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Asele ngephesenti elilodwa akakwazi ukunikeza inzuzo, kusukela hhayi zonke izinto eziphilayo soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka ukunika inzalo. Phela, ubunjalo ilungelo lokukhiqiza akuzona konke. I kuguquka kwenzeka kaningi kumaseli wesilisa - kanti amaduna aziwa ngokwemvelo basemathubeni amaningi okuthi babulawe ngaphandle kokunikeza inzalo.

basola abesifazane

Nokho, abantu - okuhlukile. uhlobo yethu yenqubo kuguquka ngokuvamile iqala ekuziphatheni abesifazane. Ukubhema, utshwala, izidakamizwa, ezifweni ezithathelwana ngobulili - kanye supply elilinganiselwe amaqanda obala ngomthelela omubi ingane isencane. Uma amadoda umthamo ephephile utshwala ekhona, abesifazane, ngisho ingilazi encane kungabangela ukwephulwa kumiswa efanele amaqanda. Nakuba owesifazane oyedwa kwabane eYurophu ujabulele inkululeko arabki adede - futhi ubelethe banezingane eziphile kahle.

ngokungalungile eqoshiwe

Kwezakhi - kuba noshintsho unomphela kuyi-DNA. Kungase kube yinto ephathelene endaweni encane noma ukuvimba e-chromosome. Kodwa ngisho kuncane kakhulu ukuphazamiseka okube usekhuluma ikhodi ye-DNA, okubangela ngempela synthesize nezinye amino acid - ngakho-ke, yonke amaprotheni okubhalwe yilo site kuzokhutshazwa.

izinhlobo ezintathu

Kwezakhi - kuphula umthetho we ingenye kwezinhlobo - noma ngofuzo wezakhi de novo wezakhi wendawo. Esimweni sokuqala, lokhu esiwufuzo. In the yesibili - ukuhlukumeza ezingeni isidoda noma amaqanda amaseli, kanye phetho ukuchayeka izingozi emva kokukhulelwa. Izingozi - kuba imikhuba hhayi kuphela ezimbi, kodwa futhi ukuba kwezimo ezingezinhle kwemvelo (kuhlanganise emisebeni). De novo kuguquka - kungukuphula kuzo zonke emangqamuzaneni omzimba, njengoba kuphakama ke kwavela emthonjeni ongaphilile. Endabeni lwesithathu, wendawo, noma ngokuguqula izakhi ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo ayenzeki ngendlela efanele usaqala futhi kube nomthelela kuwo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba, nge awokuthi ke ayihambi enzalweni, ngokungafani uhlobo iziyaluyalu lokuqala nelesibili.

Uma kuba nezinkinga uma nisanda zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kukhona kuwukwephula KaMose. Kulokhu, ingxenye amaseli kuthintwa lesi sifo, futhi abanye - cha. Kulokhu, awokuthi ingane izalwe uyaphila. izifo eziningi zofuzo akudingeki ukubona, ngoba kulesi simo, ngokuvamile kuba khona izisu. Umama ngokuvamile ingabe akakuboni nokukubona ukukhulelwa, kubukeka sengathi i-nezikhathi ezinde. Uma kuguquka akuyona ingozi futhi ezivamile, ibizwa ngokuthi polymorphism. Yilokho yiluphi uhlobo igazi umbala iris. Nokho, polymorphism kungase kwandise ingozi yezifo ezithile.