Ukuhlaziya igazi emagama ezinganeni - okuyinto bungabonakala?

imithi yesimanje eyenza bekholelwa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuphenywa kokuphulwa umzimba, ngesikhathi lokwenza ukuxilongwa, ukunquma isu ukwelashwa. Lezi zindlela ziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ngokuvamile iqala nge igazi isivivinyo esilula With ukuthuthukiswa ukunakekelwa kakhulu.

Ukuhlaziya igazi emagama ezinganeni umthombo enkulu ulwazi mayelana impilo umntwana. Ngisho noma ingane futhi akukho ukubonakaliswa express yesifo, inqubo efana ephelele kakhulu segazi , odokotela batusa ukwenza isilinganiso prophylactic hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1 isikhathi ngesigamu ngonyaka. Futhi kunezizathu ezinhle eziningana. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yi-Institute of Pediatrics yathola ukuthi ama-80% wesibalo sabantu ingane uhlushwa uhlobo ezifihliwe igazi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni imvelo labo ababencishwe amathuba ngaphambilini yezwe. Ngaphandle isimo esinjalo kungenzeka nezimpawu kubuhlungu, kodwa lezi zingane kukhona lag abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni ngokomzimba nokuvikeleka encishisiwe, njengoba kubonakala kula imikhuhlane njalo.

Isampula yegazi esithathwayo ngokuvamile kusukela pad distal ngomunwe phakathi nge-Lancet alahlwayo oyinyumba ukuze Ingebhe ukudluliswa - noma ungenayo ukutheleleka. Amaconsi ambalwa fresh wegazi zisetshenziswa okufanayo oyinyumba ingilazi slide futhi elungisiwe. Ukuhlaziya igazi emagama ezinganeni eyenziwa nguchwepheshe nge imfundo ephakeme. Okungukuthi, i-laboratory ukhiqiza izinombolo kuphela, ingasaphathwa ukuzichaza ngokuya ekuxilongeni ingane noma ukuthi lesi sifo kungaba udokotela. Ngezinye izikhungo kwezokwelapha - kungaba eyisazi, kodwa ezimweni eziningi inqubo yenziwa wezingane wesifunda.

Lokho ongabonisa igazi ukuhlaziywa kanye emagama sabantwana ukuthi udokotela ubukeka lokuqala?

Isibalo erythrocyte (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi) e isampuli kanye nezinga elithwala umoya-mpilo. Amanani Jwayelekile akuyona esingaphansi 4.0 / l zama-erythrocyte hhayi ngaphansi kuka-120 g / L-hemoglobin. izinombolo Lower ingasaphathwa khona igazi.

Ngenxa yeselula yokwakheka igazi futhi okuqukethwe ebalulekile leukocyte (amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi). Kufanele kube okungenani abangu-9 ngesikhathi -9,5 / l. Ngaphandle inani lawo sinenai ngaphezulu kanye nokusungulwa zabo, njengoba phakathi kwabo kukhona ukwehlukana basophils, eosinophils, basophils, ama-lymphocyte futhi monocytes. Ndawonye akha okuthiwa "Umehluko segazi", okuyinto ukuhlolwa igazi kanye nencazelo izingane libonisa kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla. Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile asebenzisa igama elithi "leukocyte shift kwesokunxele", okusho ukuthi ukunyuka kwesibalo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi engxenyeni kwesokunxele ifomula, isb neutrophil futhi eosinophils. Lokhu kuvamise ibonisa inqubo ukuvuvukala acute (kuhlanganise esithathelanayo) e ingane. Kodvwa "leukocyte shift kwesokunxele" (lymphocyte futhi monocytes) likhombisa ukuthambekela iguliswa reaktsiyam.V Kwezinye izimo, ifomula kokujwayelekile "amhlophe" ukwanda igazi ebonwe inani eosinophils kuphela udokotela onolwazi kungakwenza usitshela khona KWAMAGUNDANE yisinanakazana emzimbeni (ascariasis, giardiasis, njll).

Isikhombisi esibalulekile ibonisa ukuthi igazi emagama ezinganeni iyona ESR noma ngesilinganiso sedimentation. Ngokuvamile, inombolo kumele singeqi 10-15 mm ngehora. Ukwanda lesi sibalo - uphawu eliqinisekile khona focus sokugembula ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.

Ama-platelet I (amaseli obhekene igazi ekunqandeni) kufanele okungenani 2-3 / ilitha igazi. Ukwehlisa inani yabo nofana ukuphula isikhunta kungase kubonise kokugula lezinceku (thrombocytopenia), okuyinto kufanele aphathwe kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi e izingane, njengoba abadala, azigcini ukuhlaziywa jikelele. Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene jaundice, idinga igazi amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, esithathelwe vein futhi uye ukudla. Sekuvele kukhona ngifuna bilirubin nenkhulumombiko, ama-enzyme AST, ALT, ukuhlola umsebenzi sesibindi nezinye izinombolo aqondwa kuphela ochwepheshe.

Ngokuvamile, igazi kubhekwa njengento omunye izicubu zomzimba (kanye nemisipha, amathambo) kuphela ewuketshezi. Njalo abantu egazi olusha kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha (cishe njalo ngemva kweminyaka 3-4). Kukhona ngisho indlela ukunquma ocansini ka wengane sokuvuselela igazi. Ingqikithi Its kafushane ngendlela elandelayo: abesifazane, ezisukela engu-15 yobudala (abasebasha ungabali), igazi kuyinto sokuvuselela njalo eminyakeni 3. Futhi amadoda, ngoba iminyaka engu-16, njalo eminyakeni 4. Kukholakala ukuthi uba ngaphansi kokuphatha kukabani igazi, ucansi, futhi lokhu kuyodingeka ingane. Le ndlela ngempela impikiswano, njengazo zonke izindlela ezingezona ezokwelapha ka "izinhlelo" wobulili wengane, kodwa nokho azizimbi ngokwedlulele futhi akukho ongcono ukwedlula abanye.