Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwegazi

Igazi - uketshezi begazi enikeza kwezitho nezicubu izakhi kanye oxygenic. ke Kanye uhlelo lymph yakha afundwa uketshezi lomzimba. It wenza eziningi imisebenzi ebalulekile: ukudla, excretory, ovikelayo zokuphefumula, mechanical, ukuqondisa, ukulawula izinga lokushisa.

Ukwakheka igazi lomuntu siyahluka kakhulu ngeminyaka. Kumele kuthiwe izingane kukhona umzimba okukhulu kakhulu, ngakho umzimba wabo senani elikhulu kakhulu ngayinye 1 kg esisindo kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala cishe amalitha amahlanu noma ayisithupha e- lolu ketshezi begazi.

Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa plasma (uketshezi ingxenye) futhi izakhi kwakhiwa (erythrocyte, leukocyte, nezinhlayiya zegazi). Ubuningi kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kuncike umbala waso. I-plasma akububonisi amaprotheni (fibrinogen) ibizwa ngokuthi serum. Lolu ketshezi begazi has ukusabela kancane ane-alikhali.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali igazi - izinhlelo sesikhashana. Okuxhunyanwa igazi isebenza zihlanganisa Bicarbonate (7% we mass isiyonke), phosphate (1%), amaprotheni (10%), i-hemoglobin futhi oksigemoglobinovaya (ukuze 81%) kanye esidi (1%) kohlelo. Ngo-plasma ubuswa Bicarbonate, phosphate, amaprotheni acid emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazini - hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, e-hemoglobin - oksigemoglobinovaya futhi acid. Ukwakheka kohlelo sesikhashana esidi iqukethe acid organic (acetate, lactate, pyruvic, njll) kanye nosawoti wabo lezisekelo eqinile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu Hydro futhi athwala umoya-mpilo sesikhashana sohlelo.

I chemical ukubunjwa igazi. Igazi libhekene njalo amakhemikhali ukwakheka. I-plasma kuyinto 55-60% wenani igazi ivolumu 90% lamanzi. Ukudla okuqinile zimumethe organic (9%) kanye nokumbiwa (1%) material. izinto eziyisisekelo Organic ngamaphrotheni, eziningi zazo kwemiqondo esibindini.

I amaprotheni yokwakheka igazi. Ubude ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi egazini ezincelisayo zokhahlamba kusuka 6 kuya ku-8%. Kukhona cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaprotheni izingxenye plasma. Bona zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenyana ezincane ezintathu: albumin, i globulin futhi fibrinogen. amaprotheni oketshezi olungenambala olusegazini, awasalayo emva ukususwa fibrinagena ngokuthi igazi serum amaprotheni.

Albumins zinengxenye ezokuthutha izakhi eziningi izinto eziphila abakhuthele (ama-carbohydrate, acid okunamafutha, amavithamini, ion wezinto ezingaphili, ama bilirubin). Angenele ukulawulwa kwamanzi nokumbiwa umzimba. Serum globulin abangu yizingxenye ezintathu alpha-, beta- futhi gamma-globulin. Globulin uyisa fatty acid, ama-hormone steroid, amavithamini fat-encibilikayo, nemizimba mzimba.

I-carbohydrate yokwakheka igazi. I-plasma iqukethe monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), glycogen, glucosamine monosaccharides phosphate kanye neminye imikhiqizo Lesisemkhatsini carbohydrate umzimba. Kwenqwaba carbohydrate emelelwa glucose. Glucose nezinye monosaccharides e oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi e khulula namaprotheni-eboshiwe uthi. Okuqukethwe glucose exhumene ifinyelela 40-50% we carbohydrate okuqukethwe ingqikithi. Phakathi carbohydrate Lesisemkhatsini imikhiqizo umzimba lactate walulama acid, okuqukethwe okwandisa ngokucijile ngemva kokuzivivinya esindayo.

I lokuhlushwa glucose kungenziwa kuhluka eziningi isifo uthi. Lo mkhuba Hyperglycemia nobuntu sikashukela, i-hyperthyroidism, ukushaqeka, izinzwa, imfiva.

I lipid yokwakheka igazi. I-plasma iqukethe kuze kufinyelele 0.7% futhi lipids xaxa. Lipids basesimweni khulula namaprotheni-eboshiwe uthi. lipid lokuhlushwa izinguquko plasma ku egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-ezihlanganisa isifo sofuba, kungaba ukufinyelela 3-10%.

Igazi amagesi. Lokhu biofluid yakhiwa Oxygen (i-oksijini), carbon dioxide futhi nitrogen wamahhala, wabopha uthi. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, mayelana 99,5-99,7% nge-oksijini elihlobene ne-hemoglobin, futhi 03-0,5% lisasesimweni khulula.