Zingaki izinhliziyo babe ingwane? Isakhiwo-octopus. isithombe

Ingabe uyazi ukuthi okuningi mayelana ingwane? Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona babe nemilenze eziyisishiyagalombili? Ngokwesibonelo, ingabe uyazi ukuthi zingaki izinhliziyo i-octopus? Yebo, umbuzo wabuza nakanjani kweqiniso. Phela, i-octopus akusilo elilodwa inhliziyo kodwa ezimbalwa! Noma yini lezi zidalwa?

Asivume. Futhi hhayi nje ezinhliziyweni eziningi kanjani i-octopus, kodwa ngokuvamile, kungcono isilo ezinjalo, lapho kungatholakala.

imbaza enkulu

Ingwane (isithombe ngezansi) libhekisela cephalopods. Lezi zidalwa siphile esikhaleni olwandle wonke, kusukela e-Arctic kuze kuyofika e-Antarctic futhi aliqede. Namanje ingwane awukwazi ukubekezelela abantu amanzi ahlanzekile, le usawoti Banike engengaphansi kwengu-30 amaphesenti.

Ubukhulu yabo futhi ihluke kakhulu kwethi ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukuthi 6.7 amamitha. Kodwa bonke "ukukhula isilinganiso" fana them - kuba 1.5-2 amamitha. I enkulu ingwane bukhoma at the ogwini Colombia: ezinye nesisindo 15-20 kg, kanye tentacles ubude babo kuhluka 2 kuya ku-2.5 mitha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu!

ingwane ezinkulukazi Iningi latholakala Western Canada. Lokhu giant octopus kuhlaziywe 242 khilogremu, futhi ubude tentacles safinyelela 10 metres! Kubi, cishe umbukwane. Manje zonke izindaba mayelana amatilosi Kraken akwazi ukucwila umkhumbi, ayisekho kubonakale izindaba nje silly.

Sakhiwo sangaphandle-octopus

Izingwane umzimba esithambile okusaqanda, begqoke nesiphuku (isikhumba-kwemisipha sac). Isiphuku abushelelezi, ne nezinduna noma esishwabene (kuye ngohlobo octopus). Ngaphakathi, ngaphansi kwalo, izidumbu.

Isiphuku ikhonza njengombonisi isitoreji amanzi. Njengoba-octopus - isidalwa ulwandle, ngaphandle kwamanzi ngeke nhlobo. Ukuze uthole phezu komhlaba, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kudinga amasheya ketshezi. Lokhu reserve kwanele amahora amane. Nokho, kwaba nezigameko lapho ingwane wahlala phansi esingaphezu kosuku.

Enhloko amehlo ingwane sika makhulu, njengalaba bobunye iningi izidalwa ekujuleni kolwandle, abafundi square emise.

Small ingwane umlomo, nge pair of emihlathini eqinile. Ngaphandle, kancane like umlomo wenyoni upholi sika. Ngakho, ubizwa ngokuthi - "uqhwaku". Emlonyeni kuyinto yayifanekisela nomxhantela kolimi ( "odontofora"). Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba kufanele gills, okuyinto banesibopho isizinda oksijini evela emanzini.

Hands-tentacles

Suka kusukela ekhanda eziyisishiyagalombili tentacles izingalo ezungeze umlomo. Ohlangothini kwangaphakathi ngayinye tentacles kukhona amaswidi ngawo ngwane iyakwazi ubambe isizinda noma lunamathele izinto ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngesinye "ingalo" of amaswidi lingafika ku-220! Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo ukuthi amaswidi babe le analyzer ezibukwayo. Ngakho i-octopus iyingqayizivele ngempela: akwazi ukubona ngezitho zakhe!

Ingwane avame izisulu ekuhlaseleni izitha. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo wanika izingwane ikhono ukwenqaba nemilenze zabo ukuze aphunyuke. Isitha ngeke kuphela indondo. Le mpahla ungaphakathi isayensi ngokuthi autotomy. imisipha izingalo zaso baqala shwabanisa kangangokuba kuholela ukudabuka. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi ngosuku olulandelayo isilonda iqala nokuba baphulukise, futhi yebo kabusha likhula. Wena uthi, like isibankwa. Kodwa, akukho. Isibankwa uyakwazi ukulahla umsila kuphela endaweni ethile, engasekho, akukho kancane. Futhi ngwane ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa "isandla" nomaphi lapho ufuna.

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi-octopus

Izingwane babe ubuchopho omkhulu, esivikela capsule uqwanga (skull). Ubuchopho yakhiwa 64 ukwabelana ngisho has ekuqaleni cortex. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo qhathanisa ingwane yengqondo engqondweni kati ezifuywayo. Izingwane uyakwazi imizwa futhi sihlakaniphe kakhulu. Banezinhliziyo nenkumbulo enhle, ngisho akwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi ngamajamo weJiyomethri.

Njengezinye zidalwa, kusukela kwesincane ingwane adle isibindi, esiswini, wesinye pheshana emathunjini. Ngokwesibonelo, emphinjeni maqondana esiswini lingena isibindi kanye nobuchopho. Emphinjeni mncane kakhulu, ngakho ngaphambi ukugwinya ukudla, cute ingwane ubulala "uqhwaku" yakhe. Khona-ke, kakade esiswini ekugayeni ukudla ngosizo juice wokugaya ukudla, okuyinto ukukhiqiza pancreas. Esikhathini esiswini, i-octopus has a inqubo - tsekum, okuyinto unomthwalo ukumuncwa kwezakhi. Isibindi kuyinto ingwane - enkulu ensundu umzimba okweqanda. It wenza imisebenzi eminingana: ncela ama-amino acid, ama-enzyme, ukhiqiza futhi izitolo izakhamzimba.

Esikhathini emuva Yekhanda kukhona izinhlaka yakhoibrium - statocysts. It abagcwele ngaphakathi okuyinto ketshezi lilondolozwe futhi amatshe calcareous (statoliths). Lapho ingwane umzimba eshintsha isikhundla emkhathini, amatshe ukuhambisa futhi mbeni ezindongeni Bubbles ehlanganiswa amaseli ebucayi ukuthi abakucasulayo kakhulu ingwane. Ngale ndlela-ke kungenziwa ukuqondiswa isikhala ngisho ngaphandle ukukhanya.

Encwadini neseleko ingemuva ekhethekile ingwane igcina stock uyinki anobuthi, okuyizinto lokuthola usizo oluyilo ezinkantolo kakhulu. Isikhumba (noma kunalokho, i-octopus isiphuku) namaseli ethize: hromotoforam futhi iridiotsistam abahlangabezana ikhono ukushintsha umbala. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka aqukethe abamnyama, obomvu, ensundu, orange futhi eba nezakhi zombala ezenza ophuzi. Okwesibili vumela ingwane ezinemibala ngokunsomi, oluhlaza, noma okwesibhakabhaka metallic umbala.

Izingwane kakhulu athuthukile isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Imisipha nesikhumba ezindaweni eziningi ube capillary ukuthi ukukhonza ukuhambisa imithambo ukuze ngemithambo.

Zingaki izinhliziyo i-octopus

Ngakho sifika kulo okuningi okuthakazelisayo imibuzo. Kusobala vele ukuthi lezi zidalwa akuzona inhliziyo eyodwa. Kodwa-ke yini? Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu uyoba umangale namuhla. Ngemva ingwane 3 izinhliziyo. Three! Akekho abameleli ezincelisayo, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, noma izinyoni simanga akuyona. Yebo, zikhona, izinhliziyo ezine, njengasezulwini ezincelisayo, ezintathu-gumbi, like izilwane zasemhlabeni, noma ngisho eyodwa-chamber (inhlanzi) zenhliziyo. Kodwa inhliziyo eyodwa kuwo wonke umuntu!

Khona-ke kungani ingwane 3 izinhliziyo? Khumbula ukuthi inhliziyo - imisipha ukuthi ukusika ngesilinganiso esithile, uzotshala igazi ngendlela eziphilayo by. Ngakho, cephalopods, okuyinto zihlanganisa ingwane, akuzona kakhulu gills "yimpumelelo": zakha namandla igazi ukumelana. Ngakho-ke, inhliziyo eyodwa nje ngeke naso ngokuphumelelayo.

Sisebenza kanjani?

Ngakho i-octopus izinhliziyo ezintathu. Into eyodwa - into esemqoka ukuthi ushayela ngegazi nxazonke nomzimba we-octopus. Lena inhliziyo liqukethe Atria emibili ventricle ezincane. Futhi esinye inhliziyo ezincikene gills (banayo ingwane emibili). Lezi inhliziyo ezincane. Asiza imisipha eyinhloko ibenze igazi ngokusebenzisa gills, lapho kakade ezigcwele umoya-mpilo, sibuyisela kuya ATRIUM enkulu inhliziyo. bona "gill" futhi ngenxa yalokho okuthiwa.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singakanani izinhliziyo i-octopus, zozela zonke, ukulwa ngendlela efanayo. Imvamisa lezi Kufinyeta luncike lokushisa lamanzi, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo. Ngakho, ukubanda kwamanzi, kancane beat yenhliziyo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezingeni lokushisa 20-22 degrees imisipha inkontileka endaweni ethile izikhathi 40-50 ngomzuzu.

Phela, inhliziyo-octopus, noma kunalokho inhliziyo, akuyona kuphela sici silwanyana. eyinqaba kakhulu futhi igazi lakhe. Yena ukucabanga esiluhlaza! Into ukuthi unakho enzyme kakhiye equkethe oxides zethusi.