Imininingwane icubungula ekuphileni nemvelo. Umqondo inqubo ulwazi

izinqubo Imininingwane emvelweni kakhulu ezivamile ezingaphezu kuka-ke kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Ezihlobene nazo ochitha amahlamvu ekwindla, ukuhluma kwezinhlobo spring izimbali nezinye mkhuba ajwayelekile. Ikhono ukugcina, ezithumela futhi zamukele ulwazi - esinye sezici lokuphila ndaba. Ngaphandle-ke alikwazi ukuba umzimba evamile, lithathelwe imvelo, imfundo nokunye. izinqubo Imininingwane ngokwemvelo wezinto ezingaphili futhi zikhona, kodwa zihlukaniswa izici eziningana futhi ngokuyinhloko ukukhonza njengoba isilinganiso esithile sokuhleleka kohlelo.

Imininingwane ikuyo yonke indawo

Kuyini Imininingwane? Namuhla, kunamabandla izincazelo eziningana kwethemu. Njalo isayensi, ekubhekaneni ulwazi (olufana konke izihloko ulwazi), isebenzisa Ukuqonda kwakhe akuphenyeki. I jikelele definition isibonisi kunzima. Intuitively, wonke umuntu uyaqonda ulwazi olunye ulwazi kanye nolwazi mayelana nezwe. Sciences zezibalo zale kunezelwa idatha etholwe nikhuluma futhi emva imisebenzi ethile. Ngo-physics, ulwazi - wuhlelo isilinganiso esithile sokuhleleka, kuba okuphambene entropy futhi esivela kunoma iyiphi izinto ezibonakalayo. Ifilosofi, lokhu kubizwa ngokusentshenziswa ifomu okungezona izinto ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile.

izakhiwo

Ngokusho ulimi iningi, ulwazi kunciphisa ukungaqiniseki ngokunikeza ulwazi mayelana nezwe kanye nekufaka ligalelo ngokuletha uhlelo kwelinye uthi abaningi. Kulula ukuqonda, ukuhlaziya inqubo izinqumo. Le ndoda ngokuvamile ngeke ukwazi ukukhetha phakathi ongakhetha eziningana yokuziphatha kuze kube ubhekwa ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngalesi simo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa kwaholela esinqumweni esifanele, kwakufanele kube njalo iqoqo izici, ezifana lo:

• ukuzwakala;
• Umbuso indawo;
• ukugcwala;
• umnqopho;
• ukuthembeka;
• lokuhambisana.

Umqondo inqubo ulwazi

Zonke izenzo ahlukahlukene ukuthi engenziwa ngolwazi, ngokuthi ulwazi izinqubo. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuthola nokusesha, ukuwudlulisa ukukopisha, ukuhlela zokuhlunga, ukuvikelwa kanye yomlando.

izinqubo Imininingwane ngokwemvelo atholakala abayenzayo. Noma yimuphi umzimba, unicellular noma amaningi, njalo kokuthola ulwazi mayelana imvelo eziholela izinguquko ezahlukene ekuziphatheni noma imvelo yangaphakathi. Ngaphandle nokuqoqwa, processing kanye ukugcinwa kolwazi Kunzima ukucabanga umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya iyiphi into. Isibonelo elula - umqondo womuntu. Enkabeni yalo, akusiyo lutho kodwa inqubo ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo of ulwazi imvelo, isimo umzimba, kanye ulwazi olugcinwe kwi-inkumbulo, nokunye.

Insiza YokuThola uLwazi

Zonke izibonelo izinqubo Imininingwane ngokwemvelo, kwenzeka kuzona ngokwazo uhlelo oluthile. Kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu:

• Transmitter (umthombo);
• isamukeli (umamukeli);
• wokuxhumana.

Transmitter kungenzeka yimuphi umzimba noma imvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi constriction noma ukunwetshwa kwenzeka ngaphansi isenzo yokukhanya. Umthombo ulwazi inqubo enjalo isikhala emhlabeni umuntu noma isilwane. Umamukeli kuleli cala kuyi-retina.

isiteshi Ukuxhumana ibizwa ngokuthi imvelo lecinisekisa ukulethwa ulwazi. Lokhu ingaba njengesihluthulelo umsindo noma igagasi ezibukwayo kanye ezinyakazayo vibrational medium yinto ehlukile.

Basic ulwazi izinqubo

Yonke isethi yezenzo ukuthi engenziwa ngolwazi ezihlanganiswe izigaba eziningana:

• ukudluliswa;
• isitoreji;
• iqoqo;
• ukucubungula.

Ikhompyutha - isibonelo omangalisayo kolwazi izinqubo. It uthola idatha futhi sicubungula nabo, inikeza ulwazi oludingekayo noma kulungisa ukusebenza kohlelo, ngifuna amaqiniso ahilelekile ngokuvumelana nezimfuno elinqunyiwe, ke ungumthombo kolwazi umamukeli. I-computer-prototype kuyinto ubuchopho bomuntu. Wabuye njalo kuwuthinta ukugeleza ulwazi, kodwa izinqubo e ekujuleni zayo, izikhathi eziningi ngaphezu kwezihlalo eyinkimbinkimbi waleyo eyinqaba kumshini.

Ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yokudlulisa ulwazi

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, izinqubo ulwazi imvelo kwenzeke uhlelo ehlanganisa umthombo, isiteshi kanye umamukeli. Ngo inqubo yokudlulisela idatha kusuka iqoqo amasignali isiteshi eze umamukeli. Kulokhu, okushiwo ngokomzimba isignali kuvamise kungabi ezifanayo nencazelo umyalezo. Ukuze uthole incazelo efanele ulwazi olusetshenziselwa isethi bavumelana imithetho kanye nezivumelwano. Ziyakwazi ezidingekile kube nekucondza ngalokufanako okuqukethwe umyalezo kuzo zonke izigaba ukusebenza naye. Le mithetho ingase ihlanganise sokuqonda Morse code nezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo, imithetho ukufunda izimpawu zomgwaqo, amagama, nokunye.

On isibonelo yiluphi ulimi Kulula ukubona ukuthi injongo Imininingwane kuskrolelwa hhayi kuphela izici amasignali, kodwa futhi indawo yabo. Ngalo mqondo eyodwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo womyalezo ngamunye ngocansi kungenzeka ingasebenza modified kuncike izici umamukeli. Uma ulwazi zidlulele kubantu, nencazelo yabo kunqunywa izici ezihlukahlukene, kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ukuthi isimo bokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka umyalezo ofanayo ngocansi ngezindlela eziningi, usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo amagama ulimi noma imigudu yokuxhumana. Ngakho, ukugxila into ungasebenzisa ilebula "Qaphela!", Ukusetshenziswa umbala obomvu noma amaningi tibabato.

umsindo

Ucwaningo kolwazi izinqubo kuhlanganisa isifundo kwemiqondo efana umsindo. Kukholakala ukuthi uma umlayezo ongaqhubeki ulwazi oluwusizo, athwala umsindo. Ngakho kungaba azimisele ukuthi kuneqiniso engenamsebenzi kusukela iphuzu eliwusizo umbono kolwazi, kodwa futhi imiyalezo eyayakhiwa amasignali umamukeli ayikwazi ukuhumusha. Noise kungenziwa ngokuthi nedatha abalahlekelwe lokuhambisana. Okungukuthi, noma yiluphi ulwazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ngenxa yezimo ezihlukahlukene ungavula ku umsindo. Hhayi ngaphansi kungenzeka yinqubo reverse. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Icelandic umbhalo ulimi kuyoba engenamsebenzi kulabo engazazi ke indoda futhi kunengqondo esimweni umhumushi noma isichazamazwi.

Indoda Umphakathi

izinqubo Imininingwane emphakathini akuzona bahluke kulabo abakwamanye amazinga kwenhlangano. Storage, ukuwudlulisa nokucubungulwa kolwazi emphakathini Kwenziwa esebenzisa izikhungo ekhethekile kwezenhlalo kanye nezindlela. Omunye wemisebenzi emphakathini - ukudluliswa kolwazi. Kuncike kuba ukudluliswa kolwazi kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane idluliselwe kwesinye. Ngezindlela ezithile lokhu kufana inqubo ukukopisha impahla sitholwa njengefa.

izinqubo Imininingwane emphakathini, kucinisekisa kuhlangana kwemicabango yayo. Ukwehluleka uthumele ulwazi zanqwabelana, kuhlanganise imithetho eziholela ukwehlukana ukwakheka olulodwa ukuze abantu esebenza kuphela ngesisekelo ezizathwini eziphila esingokwemvelo.

Izinqubo zokulondoloza

Emphakathini, njengasezulwini umzimba ngamanye, kunzima ukudlulisa ulwazi ngaphandle uyibeka. Yolwazi, imitapo yolwazi, zomlando kanye iminyuziyamu aqukethe ingcebo yolwazi. Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokuthumela ukuba abafundi, othisha wahlanganyela ulwazi ukucubungula. Bona uhlukanise, idatha lemifanekiso, amaqiniso khetha ethize ngokuvumelana luhlelo lwekucecesha, nokunye.

Umlando uye wafakaza izinguquko eziningana okukhulu elihlobene ne ukucutshungulwa kolwazi kanye kwaholela ekuqongeleleni okwandisa yolwazi. Okunjalo Imininingwane linemibhikisho akunakubangelwa kokusungulwa lokubhala, ukunyathelisa, ikhompyutha, amandla ukuvulwa. Ukusungulwa kwe-computer kwaba umphumela onengqondo ekuqongeleleni ulwazi. I computer akwazi ukuba sithole futhi sicubungule esiningi ulwazi, abasindise futhi lossless yokudlulisela.

I imihlola bemvelo: izibonelo Imininingwane izinqubo

Ulwazi ivela imvelo, bayakwazi ningazi nje abantu. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo, amaseli olulodwa nezinto ezincane eziphilayo abanjwe amasignali futhi aphendule kubo ngandlela-thile. Abscission bamahlamvu e ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo ukukhula amahlumela, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-ezithile postures inja lapho esondela Umphikisi, ukwabiwa izinto ezidingekayo zibe cytoplasm we amoeba ... Zonke lezi zenzakalo bemvelo - izibonelo izinguquko ohlelweni emva kokuthola ulwazi.

Endabeni izitshalo kuba umthombo wokwaziswa imvelo. Ukudluliswa kwedatha kwenziwa phakathi amaseli izicubu. Ukuze isici nezilwane exchange of ulwazi, futhi kumuntu nomuntu.

Omunye izikhathi ukhiye endle - ukudluliswa kolwazi zofuzo. Kule nqubo kungenzeka ukwehlukanisa umthombo (DNA ne-RNA), alfabhethi nge iqoqo imithetho ukuze ulifunde yayo (isimiso sezakhi zofuzo: i-adenine, ne-thymine, i-guanine ne-cytosine), ulwazi kucutshungulwa isinyathelo (umbhalo we-DNA), njalo njalo.

cybernetics

Theme: "Ulwazi Izinqubo" - omunye ehamba phambili e cybernetics. Kuyinto isayensi ukulawula nokuxhumana emphakathini, izilwane zasendle kanye nobuchwepheshe. Umsunguli cybernetics Norbert Viner kubhekwe. Ucwaningo kolwazi icubungula isayensi edingekayo ukuze siqonde izici control eyodwa noma kwenye ohlelweni. Ngo cybernetics umphathi ukukhululwa kanye into ephethwe. Bona ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa phambili bese ukuhlanekezela link. Kusukela into control (isib, womuntu) uthola amasignali (ulwazi) kuya elawulwa (PC), ngenxa lapho yokugcina ukhiqiza isenzo esithile. Khona-ke wasuthisa emuva ukulawula ithola ulwazi izinguquko.

izinqubo Cybernetic ezihlobene umsebenzi wanoma yimuphi eziphilayo. izimiso ukuphathwa alala ngesisekelo umphakathi, kanye zekhompyutha. Empeleni umqondo cybernetics wazalwa ngo ukufuna ezivamile indlela imitsetfo yekuhlatiya umsebenzi eziphilayo, futhi imishini ehlukahlukene nokuqaphela ukufana ukuziphatha umphakathi kanye nemiphakathi zemvelo.

Ngakho, ulwazi icubungula ngokwemvelo - esinye sezici zezilokazane yanoma yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi. Basuke kwahambisana yizimiso phambili bese ukuhlanekezela izixhumanisi kanye neqhaza ukugcinwa kwamakhilomitha njalo imvelo yangaphakathi futhi impendulo esifike izinguquko emhlabeni ezungeze. izinqubo Imininingwane ngokwemvelo ezingaphili (ngaphandle kwemishini, izinhlanganisela ezenziwa umuntu) ukugeleza olulodwa-esiteji. Kubalulekile ayifani ngenhla ukungezwani kwawo, - Ulwazi ngobulili kusukela umthombo kunyamalale. Izilwane zasendle futhi imishini simanga awuzange waphawula. Ezimweni eziningi, ulwazi ngocansi namanje agcinwe umthombo.

Umqondo inqubo Imininingwane esetshenziswa wesayensi ezahlukene. It kungenziwa ngokuthi imikhakha eyahlukene. Imininingwane umbono uwukuthi sisasebenza nanamuhla ukuchaza ezihlukahlukene izinqubo.