Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrofluoric acid ngokuvamile yenziwa kunekhambi 40%, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela 50% noma 72% izixazululo. Nokho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi hydrofluoric acid noma aqueous hydrogen-fluoride. Igama lakhe lenzeka fluorspar, kusukela lapho, zibuye hydrogen-fluoride.

Hydrofluoric acid - ifomula ayo hf. Ngokubukeka, iwuketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle, has a isisindo yamangqamuzana 20,0063 g / Mol kanye ukuminyana - 1.15 g / cm³. It libhekene lokushisa: Melting - 83,6 ° C, ukubila - 19,5 ° C. Kuyinto okungezona oluvuthayo kanye nobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu.

Iziphi izici ine hydrofluoric acid? Ifomula kwale nto kusikisela ukuthi kuhlanganisa sasekhaya futhi hydrogen oyiyo. It kungokwalabo ekilasini ingozi yesibili, njengoba ezakhiwe dissociation ka sasekhaya kuyinto esinobuthi yingozi imvelo yethu.

Lapho kuqedwa i-asidi emanzini isamba ukushisa kuyinto 59,1 kJ / Mol. It ihlangana izinsimbi eziningi, ngaleyo ndlela ukwakha fluorides. Abathandwayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho ingxenye encane le acid uyakwazi ukwehlisa kwezinga-qhwa yamanzi ejwayelekile. Ngezinye ongaphakeme lokushisa hydrogen fluoride zezakhi ezilandelayo ngamanzi H2O · hf, H2O futhi H2O · 2HF · 4HF.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi hydrofluoric acid kungokwalabo naphakathi amandla acid, ke buqeda futhi silicate glass esitsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba ungoyedwa ekilasini imfuyo yayo okuyinto ihlangana Silicon oxide Sio (2). Lokhu oxide, esikhundleni salokho, indaba esemqoka esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa ingilazi. Hydrofluoric acid akunamthelela wax, ngakho-ke sisetshenziswa kabanzi yokugcina yayo. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje it is athuthelwa egcinwe kuphela iphakethe plastic, noma akhiwe ngerabha futhi iziqukathi phambili. okuhlushwa aphezulu (60%) acid ongenziwa izigubhu eqinile ezenziwe ngensimbi.

Izinsimbi, engewona nokho oncibilikayo it, kuholele, i-platinum, negolide. Technical hydrofluoric acid iqukethe ukungcola eziningana, phakathi lapho ezivamile ezifana Fe, RB, Njengoba futhi N2SiF6, SO2. Okuhle yokuhlanza acid etholwe ngokuguqula ukuze potassium difluoride. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is ukubola futhi yahlakazeka ngu amalahle fluoride hydrogen emanzini.

Lapho usebenza lawo amalabhorethri zisebenzisa izitsha kanye iziqukathi polyethylene ne PTFE futhi lemiqulu emikhulu hydrofluoric acid elondolozwe ku steel, Friend, amathangi hermetically avaliwe, futhi izinqola zempi noma amasilinda ammonia uhlobo, edingekayo ukuze abe Umbala zokuzivikela etholakalayo.

Hydrofluoric acid kuyingozi kwempilo yabantu. Uneziqu umphumela ababuthakathaka kwezidakamizwa ku psyche. Uma ngasizathu simbe yena wangena igazi, kulesi simo ukuze ugweme okunoshevu ezinzima nge ushintsho imisebenzi wokugaya ukudla bese edema yamaphaphu. Ngisho hydrofluoric acid zingaphazamisa umsebenzi inhliziyo futhi ukudakwa jikelele umzimba.

Ukuxhumana nesikhumba noma namehlo, kudala ukusha ubuhlungu ngisho at lokuhlala aphansi. Ikakhulukazi nemiphumela ebuhlungu sokungena acid nge izinzipho, ngakho sisebenze kuphela kudingeka gqoka amagilavu futhi elula ezinhle.

Uma kunjalo, isikhumba ithole acid ke ngokushesha ukususa ke ngamanzi agobhozayo futhi aphathe ne 2.5% calcium gluconate njengoba ijeli. Kodwa lokho ngeke siyeke, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Iyoyimisa Jova emthanjeni of calcium chloride.

isetshenziswa kuphi esiyingozi lesi acid? Okwamanje, ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe idwala ukwehluleka silicate ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi ezifana niobium, tantalum futhi zirconium. Kusebenza njengomnyombo kulethe le hydrogenation futhi dehydrogenation, kanye womshini fluoropolymers, freons futhi fluorosulfonic acid. Wathola isebenza embonini kawoyela. Ubethula ziphathwe imithombo kawoyela ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kawoyela.