Ukukhiqizwa Kwezentengiselwano e-USSR: Uhlelo Lokuqala Lweminyaka emihlanu

Uhlelo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu lubizwa ngokuthi yimigomo yemigomo yokuqala yonyaka emihlanu ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-USSR ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930. Ngenxa yalesi sikhathi, izwe lathola isakhiwo esinamandla sezemishini-ezempi.

Yiziphi izinto ezidingekayo zokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kweSoviet Union? Inqubomgomo entsha yezomnotho ehlulekile, noma i-NEP, okungukuthi inkinga yokuthenga okusanhlamvu ngo-1927-28, yahola ubuholi esinqumweni sokushintsha inkambo yezomnotho kanye nokuqala kokuguqulwa kohlelo lonke lweNyunyana.

Iminyaka yonyaka wokuqala wezinhlelo ezinhlanu-1928 (usuku lokutholwa kwepulani) - 1932 (usuku lokuphela, okungukuthi, ukugcwaliseka kwayo yonke imisebenzi yesigaba sokuqala sokukhiqiza).

Ukushintshwa kwenqubomgomo entsha kanye nokwamukelwa kwecebo lokuqala leminyaka emihlanu kwenziwa eNkomfeni ye-16 ye-CPSU (B.). Uhlelo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu lwaqala ngo-Okthoba 1928. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho uhlelo lwamukelwa khona, kodwa kwakungekho imisebenzi ecacile.

Imiphi imigomo uhulumeni wase-USSR ayezibekela yona? Okokuqala, kwakudingeka ukunqoba ukubuyela emuva kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokujwayelekile kwezwe; Okwesibili, iSoviet Union kwadingeka isuse ukuxhomekeka kwezomnotho, ngokuyinhloko kusuka emithini yempi; Okwesithathu, iziphathimandla zabhekana nomsebenzi obalulekile: ukwakha isakhiwo esinamandla sempi-yezimboni; Okwesine, ukukhiqizwa kwemboni kwakuwukunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokubambisana.

Uhlelo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu lunezici zalo siqu:

• Amazinga aphezulu (ukukhiqizwa kwezokukhiqiza kubizwa ngokuthi "ukucindezelwa");
• Izikhathi ezifishane ezimfushane (izikhalazo ezidumile "Unika oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala eminyakeni engu-4!);
• Ukungahambisani nentuthuko: i-predominance yembonini enzima ngaphezu kokukhanya;
• Ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemboni ngokusebenzisa ukugcinwa kwekhaya.

Ubuholi beSoviet Union basebenzisa zonke izindlela zokuheha abantu "ekwakheni" okukhulu. Amakhulu abantu, ebona izikhalo ezikhungathekile, zahamba zazakhela izitshalo, izitimela ezibekiwe, zahlanganyela ekwakheni izitshalo zamandla. Kule nkathi, kwavela ama-posters amaningi ahloniphekile aseSoviet, ekhombisa konke okusemandleni okuziqhenya kwabantu ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngesikhathi sohlelo lweNyaka Eyisithupha Lokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kwaqalwa, okuhambisana nokuhlehliswa. Unyaka wesibili wecebo lokuqala leminyaka emihlanu uzobizwa kamuva ngokuthi "unyaka wezinhlekelele ezinkulu." Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo intengo lapho amapulazi namafemu aqoqiwe adalwa khona. Zingaki imindeni eyonakalisiwe yashiywa amakhaya abo, bangaki abantu abafa emakhazeni ...

Ngo-1932 uhlelo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu lwaphela. Imiphumela yalo yile ndlela elandelayo:

• Isakhiwo esinamandla sokuvikela sakhiwe;
• Ukungasebenzi kwaqedwa;
• Ukuzimela kwezomnotho kwe-USSR kwafinyelelwa;
• Uhlelo oluhlelwe umnotho weSoviet Union lwasungulwa ;
• Uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu luvuselele ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezwe.

Uhlelo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu lwaluphumelele kusukela ekubukeni kokufeza imisebenzi: I-DnieproGES, i-Uralmash yasungulwa, izitshalo ezinkulu ze-metallurgical zavela, phakathi kwabo isitshalo eMagnitogorsk, eKheababinsk, Norilsk naseNovovnetsk. I-metro yokuqala yavulwa eMoscow, amakhomikhali e-tractor eStalingrad naseKharkov aqala imisebenzi yawo. Ngakho-ke, i-USSR yathola amandla amakhulu empi kanye nokuzimela kwezimboni.