Uyini Phenology? kokuma phenological

zokuqapha njalo izinguquko ezithile zonyaka zenziwa ngesisekelo izenzakalo emangalisayo yendalo. Yonke idatha leyakheke e uhlelo olulodwa. ibizwa ngokuthi - ovamile phenology. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngaphezulu yayisazi lesi siyalo. Sithola ukuthi efunda ngesayensi phenology.

amagama

Umlando esemthethweni phenology lwaluqala nekhulu le-19. Leli gama kwaze wokuqala ohlongozwayo Charles Morran (sezitshalo ezivela eBelgium). Phenology njengoba isayensi uhlelo lolwazi futhi ukuqoqwa idatha imihlola kwesizini nemvelo, izimbangela zazo kanye nesikhathi sokuvela. Ukuqaphelwa zenziwa ngesisekelo the fenoindikatorov okuthiwa (ukuthi iyini - sizoxoxa nje). Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi izifundo phenology, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ngokuhamba izifundo ukucacisa amaphethini ngekwendzawo nezesikhasana izinguquko eyindilinga lezinto zemvelo kanye namaqembu ahlobene ne-ukujikeleza Umhlaba uzungeza ilanga unyaka wonke.

izinkomba

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, okubonwayo phenological zenziwa ngesisekelo izenzakalo emangalisayo bemvelo. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zihlanganisa cherry izimbali, ukuvela "ngozankosi" ngebhange, noma yellowing amaqabunga. Zonke lezi zimpawu abizwa ngokuthi "fenoindikatory". Bona elichaza ukwedlulela imvelo komunye isigaba kuze kube komunye kwesizini.

Incazelo lokushisa

Ngesisekelo lezi amapharamitha definition esikhethekile zemvelo. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, inguquko esitebeleni isilinganiso lokushisa nsuku zonke ngenhla 0 degrees kubhekwa obhekwe zezulu kwentwasahlobo, futhi abangaphezu kuka-15 - ehlobo. Ukukhuluma ngokuthi yini phenology, asikwazi ukuthi lonke uhlelo izifundo esekelwe ukuhlaziywa izinkathi anobude obungalingani. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ezibhekwa izinguquko ezithile ngaphezulu lokushisa izinkomba - degrees ezinhlanu. Ngenxa yalokho, inkathi ngalinye ihlukaniswe ngezigodi ngilokhu - izigaba phenological. isikhathi ngasinye has awayo zemvelo (izenzakalo). Siyabonga kubo, abacwaningi ukuhlukanisa isigaba omunye nomunye. Izinkathi izenzakalo isici kakhulu amagama abo siqu, okuyinto awashintsheki ekhalendeni kazwelonke.

indlela ucwaningo

Izinkathi zonyaka nezikhathi zonyaka zivumelana nomunye. Visual kokuma phenological, yindlela wendabuko noma indlela, ucwaningo, uvumele ukubhaliswa zokukhokha nesenzakalo izenzakalo ezithile. Ukuze kuzuzwe comparability idatha etholwe abacwaningi ezahlukene, esihlelwe ngomumo ekhethekile izinhlelo, atlases nezincazelo kubo. In esinjalo edishini methodical echazwe izitshalo phenophase kanye izenzakalo ezithile zonyaka jikelele silwane. Ngezinhloso yesayensi kokuma phenological kukhona indlela ukuhlola izinto ezindawo nezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusungulwa kwemithetho.

Spring: izisekelo

Ngenhla, mayelana umbuzo yini phenology, sishilo lesi simiso isakhiwo ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi isehlane kuyala zonyaka (nezikhathi kuqhathaniswa eside elihambisana zonyaka), kukhona ezimfushane isikhathi - isigaba. Ngakho, entwasahlobo kuhlanganisa ezine podsezona. Ngamunye wabo kufanele izinkomba zabo.

snowbreak

Lesi yisihloko sokuqala podsezon entwasahlobo. Iqala nge sezemfundo ncibilika kuqala. Isikhathi ekupheleni ebizwa ngokuthi izimbali lokuqala hazel-Alder futhi hazel. Phakathi nalesi sigaba ufika larks, starlings, ama-gull futhi Ehlasela. Ngezinye birches futhi maples imakwe zokuzikhukhumeza nezinso ukunyakaza juice. Emasimini iqala ukwehla kancane kancane ubalekela iqhwa, amanzi mahhala kusuka iqhwa. Lokhu iqeda ukudoba podsezone phezu eqhweni futhi uqala ukudoba emanzini evulekile. Ezinye izakhamuzi amadamu (siphika, chub, nase futhi dace, ide, Pike) sebeqala ukulungiselela, kanti kwezinye izindawo uqale eziyizimbangela. Ezindaweni ezithile is kahle sabanjwa lesi sikhathi, bream futhi roach.

Ukuvuselelwa entwasahlobo

Ukuqala podsezona yesibili kuvumelana Alder zezimbali. Inkomba inembe kakhulu kunazo zonke sikhatsi abakhe emizini ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli sikamama nosingamama, yellowing ku ezivulekile. Qala isici imihlola kwalesi sikhathi, iqembu i-Central kugujwa ngokuvamile 15-20 April. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukunyamalala yokugcina leqhwa izidumbu amanzi. Umhlabathi iqala ukuze ome out phezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe passable abantu futhi kufinyeleleke imigwaqo ezokuthutha emuva. Lokhu, kuvula indlela yokuba Anglers ezindaweni akude. Esikhathini podsezone yesibili woodcocks ukundiza bese Cranes, kukhona izinyosi, uqale "izwi" of frog. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke kwasho ukuvuselelwa nemisundu eminingi. Kepha dwellers emfuleni, igcina zidala Pike futhi ide, chub futhi isiphika, uyaqhubeka, futhi perch futhi bream - kuphela ekuqaleni. Lokhu podsezone ezihlahleni birch iye yakhula yabenza imiqumbe, Elm "thuli".

ukuphakama entwasahlobo

Ekuqaleni eyesithathu podsezona birches kakade begqoke amahlamvu oluhlaza. Cishe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ngalesi sikhathi lapho esifudumeza. Ukwandiswa lokushisa hhayi kuphela emini kodwa ebusuku. Amakhambi nezihlahla nemithi iba mkhulu, iqala ukuqhakaza ezithelo. Insect uthola emikhulu, kanye songbirds adla nabo. Emasimini, izimfunda namahlathi kwasho Ukuvuselela Uhlaza Lwehlathi okusheshayo futhi zezimbali. Ngo amahlozi ugu izwakale nightingale Trill, futhi ezimfundeni namasimu - izigwaca. Uqala ukucula kanye corncrake, crake. Ngu indlela izimpawu kuzomele sifake kwaqedwa zidala ide futhi kwaqhubeka Podust futhi roach. Kuyaqala Jordania Pike, bream kuvula, wayekwazile kancane eziyizimbangela, chub futhi carp. Ekuqedeni podsezona kusikisela zom Lilac nsomi ngokubomvu mountain ash.

"Predlete"

podsezon Okwesine libhekene kwaqedwa zom izihlahla, vykolashivaniem umshiya utshani kanye rye ebusika. Phenomena ezenzeka kule nkathi, iyafana ukundiza ojekamanzi. Kusezweni elomile kugujwa zom Daisy-Daisy, futhi ezindaweni ezimanzi - nabadla imbuya ngothi.

Summer: 1 podsezon

Mina Okokuqala kumelwe bathi le nkathi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Okokuqala - lokhu ekuqaleni ehlobo. Mayelana naleli phuzu kubonisa zasendle izimbali rose. It yena, kuhambisana nezinye izenzakalo. Ngokwesibonelo, izingadi yokuqhuma chubushnik viburnum, emkhakheni - rye, toadflax futhi knapweed, amanzi - lily white. Likhuphuka izinga lokushisa, umoya ngaphezulu sekuqala ukufudumala. Ngalesi sikhathi, usuku ende kunazo zonke onyakeni. Sizonyuka lokushisa kule amadamu.

ehlobo "Okugcwele"

Ukuqala wesibili, oyinhloko, podsezona kuvumelana zom Linden cordata. Lesi senzakalo ebonwe ibhande emaphakathi, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-5 no-15 Julayi. Nokho, Emadolobheni amakhulu, kwenzeka kancane ekuqaleni. Njengoba i ezihambisana pointer ukuqala ehlobo eligcwele, sebenzisa nokuvuthwa elimnyama obomvu currant, sitrobheli, futhi ehlathini - amajingijolo. Ziqala ukufiphala kanye nightingale iwe cuckoos buthule. Otshanini ezisemadolobheni eziqhakaza tansy aphuzi futhi Chicory okwesibhakabhaka. Izintethe avele izinombolo ezinkulu.

Ukuwa kwe-ehlobo

Lona podsezon yesithathu nesibongo. Isikhathi libhekene ekuqaleni cranberry yokuvuthwa. Zasebusuku uthola kubonakale eside. Njengoba sekuzoqala uqala kwenze namazolo abandayo. Amazinga yamanzi nemifula kanye amachibi kancane kancane kunciphisa. Utshani elaqheshulwa ngesikhathi haymaking, ngalesi sikhathi isikhathi zikhule.

Autumn: ekuqaleni

Le sizini, sengathi ehlobo, kuhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu. Engxenyeni European Russia sonke isikhathi kuthatha izinyanga ezingu nje kwa 3. Ekuqaleni autumn libhekene ukubukeka imicu yellow umqhele i Elm, Linden kanye birch. Ukugcwaliswa podsezona abona othile ewunikela ngesikhathi isibalo laluhlata kwetjani gqama kuba okungenani zilingana. Kuvame kakhulu kuphawuliwe minyaka eyishumi ezinsukwini Septhemba, futhi ekwindla omanzi efudumele - ekuqaleni kuka-October. Ehlathini amakhowe ziqala ukuvela. Emoyeni lapho tenetnik, flying spider web. Amanzi siyaqhubeka Nokho, kuphole emizimbeni enkulu lokushisa lamanzi iconsi akuyona iyunifomu, kusukela ungqimba engenhla.

"Golden Autumn"

Eyesibili libhekene okwandile podsezon yellowing kanye defoliation. Amahlathi kancane ekuqaleni ukuba babe oluze, izinyoni abuthele imihlambi futhi bathuthele ku climes ukufudumala. Ilungiselela ukufuduka kanye ezulazulayo zibe seduze kwemigwaqo kanye ensimini imiphetho starlings futhi Ehlasela. Ukuphela leaf kuwa in Elm, e-aspen kanye birch kubonisa ekuqaleni ukuwa ejulile. Le nkathi ihlala kuze kube neqhwa kuqala. Izinga lokushisa komzimba lingaphansi, ndizela eningizimu imihlambi lokugcina amadada, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi namahansi. Amanzi futhi phansi umoya opholile ngokushesha.

pre-ubusika

Siqedile kwesikhathi ekwindla, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanayo kwathatha ebusika. Empeleni, ngoba lokhu kungenjongo podsezon lethiwa. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi, iqhwa lokuqala. isigaba Misa-up liyaphela futhi kumiswa endleleni isihlibhi.

ebusika

Le sizini, abacwaningi futhi wabelane ngezigaba ezintathu. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi izitshalo basesimweni ukuphumula okujulile, futhi zonke izinyoni ezihlukahlukene kuphela naleyo kahle ingashintshwa ukuze abandayo sezulu ebusika. Ehlathini cishe ezingenalutho - cishe yonke izilwane ezilala ubusika bonke, futhi ongenayo ukulala - yokucasha e Burrows. Ngokuvamile, ebusika iqala ukuphela Novemba futhi ihlala kuze mayelana nengxenye ka-March yesibili.

Pervozime

Ekuqaleni lokhu podsezona amadamu sokuqala sasiyingxenye ice okuhlala. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke ukudoba sipho ice. Isigaba sokugcina ezinsukwini kukaDisemba, ngenjikalanga yasebusika 20. Isikhathi sokuqala uhlelo zidla olunzulu iba kancane "Moody", njengoba yiqhwa elimboze iba izinsuku mkhulu, emifushane, namanzi incipha, umoyampilo siphela.

Umsuka ebusika

Lona podsezon yesibili. uqala, ngokuvamile ngo-February. Ngalesi sikhathi, uqala "ukucula" Tit okukhulu.

ukwa ebusika

Isigaba sokugcina iqala ukwengeza emini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuza sikhathi ngokuthi "ukuklaba ukukhanya." Eqala ukukhula icicles izindandatho amathonsi. Emini ilanga lifudumeza kakhulu.

interconnection imihlola

Ukubuyela umbuzo lokho phenology, siphawula ukuthi ngaphakathi isiyalo wafunda nje zemvelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukwencika isikhathi kwezinkathi zonyaka kanye izigaba landscape ne isimo insimu ngokuma kwezwe. Zonke izikhathi zihlobene kakhulu. isigaba ngasinye kwenzeka esikhathini esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhamba entwasahlobo ka juice ngaphambi nje iza maple. emva 2 amaviki yaqala ukuba kugujwe efihlekile ukuvuvukala birch, nakho iyisiginali for Anglers: kusho ide iba esebenzayo. Njengoba kuye kwashiwo, kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa isilinganiso emini. Nakuba engeke avuke ngenhla 5 degrees (nge uphawu), izitshalo bahlale ukuphumula bephoqeleka.

Kungani ucwaningo?

Izindlela nezinkinga phenology babe SIZUZISA, kwasekuqaleni - ngoba emnothweni kazwelonke. Regularities umsuka ukulungiswa ikhalenda ye izenzakalo ezithile zonyaka. Nazo ngokufanayo, asetshenziswa inhlangano umsebenzi ukuvikela imvelo, empini yokulwa nezifo zezitshalo ewusizo, ukuqedwa esifike izinambuzane. Ulwazi mayelana indiza mass izinyoni nezikhathi zibalulekile zezindiza. ucwaningo yesilawuli kude komhlaba idinga ukuba isikhathi eliphezulu ukuqaliswa ucwaningo ngokuya yokufuduka izinyoni. Imiphumela ezibukwayo kokuma phenological asetshenziswa umklamo zokungcebeleka, uhlela nemizila travel. Ucwaningo ivumela ukuhlonza izinkomba zendawo kwemvelo, okuyinto yena, enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukucacisa uhlobo ezithile zonyaka isimo futhi ukubikezela isimo yokukhula.

amabalazwe Phenological, ikakhulukazi emikhulu, kumelwe sihlele isimiso esisodwa noma ezinye izimboni ezithile zonyaka. amasignali Yemvelo ibalulekile ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni kanye nokuthuthukiswa izilwane nezitshalo ngokunganaki entsha. Ngakho, ngaphandle yokuthi phenology ezinjalo, ungenza Isiphetho esisobala: lena isiyalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi izindlela zocwaningo. Zonke ngaphawula ukuthi ukutadisha phenology, evumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kakhulu imvelo.