Amino acid izinsalela ezakhiwe-molecule?

Kulaba acid acid izinsalela wamaprotheni molecule akha. polymers ezinjalo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngezinto zemvelo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. It yakhiwa izakhi zamakhemikhali ezifana carbon, kukhona i-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen samanje. I acid nucleic babe phosphorus, futhi njengengxenye amaprotheni amaningi aqukethe nesibabule.

izici kwesakhiwo

Kusukela izinsalela acid acid engqamuzaneni zakhiwe ngezingodo amaprotheni amangqamuzana, banalo okusezingeni eliphezulu isihlobo mass yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Zibizwa ngokuthi makropolimerami. Njengoba izibonelo ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo compounds zihlanganisa alcohols, acid carboxylic, ama-nucleotide, monosaccharides, amino acid.

macromolecules

It is eyakhelwe amino acid izinsalela of amaprotheni-molecule kwadingeka kwezinhlelo imisebenzi ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, alo mass isihlobo yamangqamuzana umelwe ku uhla Kusukela kwabayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ukuze kwesigidi. Ngo-molecule amaprotheni compounds, acid nucleic, polysaccharides Kusolwa ethile ngokuphinda amayunithi.

Monomers ngokuthi ama-molecule elula ukuthi kukhona isisekelo ukwakheka polymer molecule. Yikuphi molecule Akhiwa kusuka amino acid? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ajwayelekile kunoma abafundi esikoleni esiphakeme. Monomer ngabo kukhona amino acid. Ukuze polysaccharides kwakudingeka monosaccharides, futhi ama-nucleotide ayadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe acid nucleic.

Meaning of biopolymers

Ngakho, izinsalela acid acid zakhiwa amaprotheni molecule enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukwakhiwa umsebenzi wabo. It ikuvumela ukwakha amaprotheni molecule acace i eziphilayo ngabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni molecule - umthombo wamandla, ngakho amaprotheni zihlanganisa ukudla nsuku zonke. Kumaseli equkethwe amanani angalingani organic compounds. Ngokwesibonelo, i-izilwane libhekene predominance of lipids namaprotheni ezitshalweni - isamba elanele carbohydrate.

Of izinsalela acid acid wesilwane amaprotheni molecule akha. "Izitini" okunjalo okuyizinto amphoteric chemical compounds ahlelwe i-molecule ye amaprotheni ilandelane ezithile. Okwamanje kukhona ulwazi mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu acid ezingamakhulu amabili acid, kodwa ukwakheka amaprotheni zemvelo esetshenziswa amabili kuphela. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-amaprotheni-ukwakha. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphrotheni kwakhiwe interlaces ka alanine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. On umbuzo izinsalela acid acid ezakhiwe molecule abafundi tinika tibonelo amaprotheni isilwane.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali

I amino acid okuyinto bayakwazi ukwakha macromolecule, iqembu acid futhi iqembu carboxyl eziboshiwe komunye carbon athomu. Kuyinto lesi sici ihlanganisa inombolo engenhla. Izinsalela acid acid kuhluke indlela yokwakheka olukhulu. Kungenzeka hydrophilic noma hydrophobic, polar noma non-polar, onikeza izakhiwo ezithile amino acid.

Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi amino acid uyakwazi ukwakha i-molecule proteinaceous possesses elinye iqembu carboxyl (e ngezithako zawo kukhona hydroxyl carbonyl) amino iqembu futhi omunye, ngakho zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo molecule hlangothi.

Kukhona acid eziyisisekelo acid kokuba amaqembu acid eziningana, kanye acid esidi acid, okuyinto yakhiwa ezinye amaqembu carboxyl. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-athomu nesibabule molecule cysteine.

ongakhetha zamagama

eziphilayo Autotrophic synthesize amino acid esuka wezinto izinto nitrogen-oqukethe kanye imikhiqizo ye-photosynthesis.

eziphilayo Heterotrophic asetshenziswa njengoba primary umthombo ukudla kwama-amino acid. Njengengxenye umzimba womuntu umqondo kusuka imikhiqizo acid acid umzimba. compounds okunjalo ezibhekwa nezilandiso. Njengoba umthombo kubalulekile amino acid engakwazi kwemiqondo emzimbeni womuntu, usebenzisa ukudla okuthile. Yini acid abizwa ngokuthi kubalulekile ukuze umuntu? Lokhu lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Ukuze umzimba wengane kukhona ezimbili ezibalulekile amino acid: histidine futhi arginine.

Njengoba amino acid ayizakhi amphoteric, basuke libhekene reactivity okusezingeni eliphezulu. Phakathi eyodwa acid acid kanye iqembu carboxyl ka-molecule yesibili yakha chemical isibopho, ngokuthi peptide (amide) isibopho.

Ngenxa yokusabela chemical enjalo kuveza komugqa peptide isakhiwo. Omunye ekupheleni kwakwakhe entsha ine iqembu acid, kanti eyesibili has a khulula carboxyl iqembu. isakhiwo olunjalo olwenza dipeptide uxhumana namanye amangqamuzana, amino acid, ukwakha polypeptide kwakwakhe.

isiphetho

I peptides zibaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuphila komuntu. Polypeptides e isakhiwo zabo kukhona ubuthi, imithi elwa namagciwane, kanye ezinye hormone. Polypeptide amaketanga lingabhalwa ezinkulungwane amino acid ahlelwe thize. Ukube nje ama-izinsalela acid acid yakhiwa amaprotheni macromolecules, bebizwa elula.

Uma isakhiwo engqamuzaneni amaprotheni akuyona kuphela izingxenye acid acid, kodwa futhi cations yensimbi, manganese, zinc, ushukela, ama-nucleotide, lipids, kulesi simo-molecule ye ibizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba amaprotheni ezivamile elula ukuhlukanisa fibrin, igazi albumins, ama-enzyme.

Inxanxathela amaprotheni molecule ukuthola amasosha omzimba (immunoglobulin, ayisiza) enzyme. Kunezinhlobo ezine yenhlangano kwesakhiwo yezinhlayiya amaprotheni. isakhiwo eyinhloko ukulandelana komugqa acid acid izinsalela zixhunywe peptide (amide) izibopho.

Ithola imisebenzi, izindawo, kanye ifomu amaprotheni. Ngesisekelo izakhiwo eziyinhloko ukudala ezahlukene izinguqulo izakhiwo. Zonke izinto eziphilayo has isakhiwo yaso ehlukile okuyinto kudala ezinye izinkinga ngenxa zamagama. Ngokwesibonelo, kuphakama izinkinga lapho ukhetha ejenti zokwenza imithi ngenxa abacacisiwe.