Barometer Aneroid: ithuluzi elithile lisebenze sokulinganisa umfutho womoya

Kuyini barometer? Leli gama lobuchwepheshe ibizwa ngokuthi idivayisi sokulinganisa umfutho womoya. I kabanzi kunazo ezimbili izinhlobo eziyobonisa. Ezisetshenzisiwe mercury barometer sokulinganisa umfutho womoya ngokuyinhloko iziteshi Meteorological.
Kuyinto nzima ngokwengeziwe, kodwa linikeza enkudlwana nesilinganiso ukunemba, ngakho ososayensi kanye makudle kuye. Barometer lokhu uhlobo yasungulwa futhi lakhiwa usosayensi wase-Italy Evangelista Torricelli e 1644. yokusebenza kwalo isimiso - silinganisa ikholomu mercury okuthunyelwe emoyeni. Ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu mercury ikholomu ukuphakama lincane kakhulu (uma uthe ukuthi umfutho womoya - 760 mmHg, lokho kusho nge afanayo ngazo umoya ozungeze umhlaba wethu endaweni wokulinganisa).

Aneroid barometer - idivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba lo mqondo kudivayisi kwahlongozwa cishe ngasikhathi sinye nge kokusungulwa barometer mercury (wakwenza usosayensi efanayo ekhulwini lesikhombisa-German Gotfrid Leybnits), kodwa ukusebenza nokusebenzisa umqondo German omkhulu wathola iminyaka engamakhulu amabili kuphela. Ngo-1847, unjiniyela abanamakhono French Lucien Vidi wadala aneroid barometer kwezwe yokuqala. Uyini Umgomo we operation yayo?

Barometer yabizwa ngokuthi "aneroid", okungukuthi anhydrous. Leli gama wadala efana ukugcizelela ukuthi ithuluzi akusetshenziswa kungekho uketshezi, ngokungafani mercury barometer, lapho element inzwa kuyinto metal ketshezi.
I element aneroid abathola ivaliwe ibhokisi ezenziwe impahla lukathayela, lelo okuthi lapho ngokwandisa noma ukunciphisa umfutho womoya kancane onomfutho noma ukunwetshwa. ingalo uhlelo imiphumela kulengqungquthela umcibisholo, okuyinto ngokukhethekile ngesilinganiso iziqu ekhombisa umfutho womoya ngamamilimitha mercury.

Kunengqondo, lutho eyinkimbinkimbi aneroid barometer kungadalwa ezingeni yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe njengoba izikhathi Torricelli futhi phambi. Kungani kwenzekile? Cishe, lapha yena wadlala indima inhlanganisela yezici ezimbalwa. Ngokuyinhloko - ukungabi khona isidingo into enjalo ngesikhathi. Eqinisweni, njengoba isayensi meteorology usewusana kanye nokulutheka elincane asemkhathini ingcindezi ukwahluka sezulu lagcwaliseka kuphela ososayensi ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mhlawumbe indima eyadlalwa ukuntuleka material ofanele ukuze amabhokisi lukathayela (kumelwe kuyaqina neyamukelekayo elula ngesikhatsi operation eside). With ukuthuthukiswa isayensi kanye nezimo lokuqala nelesibili Akasekho ukuvimbela ukudalwa aneroid.

Ngemva kokusungulwa Lyuena Vidi aneroid barometer yaqala ukusakaza ngokushesha zwe emizini yabazalwane nezindawo zokuhlala. Kwakukhona ngisho uhlobo imfashini: khona kwale insimbi endlini wagcizelela isimo sezenhlalo bokusungula umninikhaya. Umuntu onjalo, ngokuya yesimanje, kwakubhekwa "njengophawu eziphambili".

Njengoba kwemukelwa ngamazwe imethrikhi uhlelo (SI), emazweni amaningi aneroid isikali esingaphezu kwesinqunywe isibe isikali kwahambisana, lapho ingcindezi kuboniswa hhayi kuphela ngamamilimitha mercury (lokhu akukona eyodwa letindzala), kodwa futhi Pascals. Kukhona isikali esingaphezu kwesinqunywe ka aneroid in imigoqo. Bar - futhi iyunithi non-system, cishe lingana kuze fike emkhathini. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukala ingcindezi emugqeni esivumelana ezingaphezu kuka ngamamilimitha mercury noma ohlelweni amayunithi.

Nokho, umkhuba yokulinganisa umfutho womoya ngamamilimitha mercury bekulokhu enamandla kakhulu. Ngisho kwamanje, isimo sezulu ibikezela umfutho womoya wabonisa kulezi non-system amayunithi.