Kukhona okuningi isayensi, okwathi kufanele abe nomthelela omuhle kahle. Ngakho, kakhulu obala wabo - kungcono ukuphathwa (Labour Organization) nokumaketha (ukukhuthazwa kwezimpahla noma amasevisi). Ungaqhubeka isikhathi eside kuze kube manje. Kodwa kukhona labo mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo ochwepheshe kuphela wezwa. Futhi lokhu kusebenza Ergonomics. Njengoba isayensi, ngokuvamile ngokucacile Underrated isiyalo. Njengengxenye sihloko uzonikezwa kwencazelo ke, uchaza izinkomba kanye nokuqaliswa practice. Singasho ukuthi zikhona izisekelo ze emfushane Ergonomics. Ngakho, thina uqhubekele esihlokweni.
Kuyini Ergonomics nalokho uqhutshelwa?
Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i isiyalo yesayensi okhuluma izici of ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kanye izakhi ezahlukene izinhlelo, okungukuthi, icabangela inqubo zabasebenzi. Kukhona ubungcweti "Ergonomics". Abantu abanale ke kumele abe nolwazi mbono, imithetho, idatha kanye nezindlela ukwakhiwa, okuyinto ekugcineni akwazi ukuqinisekisa impilo yabantu nokwandisa ukusebenza jikelele kohlelo. Ergonomics kubalulekile impela inqubo design. It ucubungula nezinselele umsebenzi, ukukhiqiza, imvelo kanye uhlelo engavumelana konke mayelana nezidingo, amakhono kanye namakhono ezingokomzimba zabantu. Lapha sithatha yokulahla udoti. Uma sibeka bakubika emzini (noma ngisho endaweni yokuhlala), uyoba:
- Khokha ngaphezulu izintela kwemvelo.
- Xazulula izinkinga nabantu ababenganelisekile.
Futhi okungenani. Ngakho-ke, luyingxenye kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa kahle nezinkinga kancane sizobe ngcono ukubeka yokulahla udoti ngaphandle komuzi. Ngakho, siba nesimo kakhudlwana futhi ukufeza nezidingo Ergonomics. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi usuphothuliwe, futhi yalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Yiziphi izindawo Ergonomics?
Njengoba isiyalo yethu uhlelo ngamakhasimende (ie, ihlanganisa zonke izici futhi usebenzela ezicashile umsebenzi womuntu), ukuze uthole ukuqondisisa okungcono nekghono ke ibilokhu ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo ehlukile. Naphezu kwalokhu, Ergonomics ukusetshenziswa futhi limatasa ekuthuthukiseni indlela ephelele, esinikela ukuze kuhlolwe futhi ikhumbula kwengcondvo (engqondo), ngokomzimba, yenhlangano, nomphakathi kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile. nongoti Ergonomist ubenawo erudition enkulu kulo lonke ezindaweni ngenhla (njengoba ubuncane). Ngakho, abantu abanjalo mkhakha ngokuvamile uzilungiselele ngaphansi umsebenzi emkhakheni ethile komnotho (noma endaweni isihloko, uma sikhuluma isayensi). Ergonomists bahlale nokuguquguquka amakhono abo kanye namakhono. Ngemva kokudala ezindaweni ezintsha, futhi uthole amathemba ubudala. Naphezu ezihlukahlukene izici, amakhono kanye nezidingo Ergonomics ziye yisethi izindawo ezintathu:
- Physical.
- Kwengqondo.
- Yenhlangano.
ngokomzimba
It libuyekeza kanye cwaningo anthropometric, yokwakheka, izici biomechanical bokuphila kanye izici of umthelela wabo umsebenzi ngokomzimba isisebenzi. Yena usebenza ukuma imisebenzi, ukunyakaza okuphindayo, ukulayisha / athula okuthile, isakhiwo obusebenzayo ubeka impilo kanye nokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Lendawo Ergonomics ukwenza konke ingagwenywa imiphumela emibi umuntu ngenxa emsebenzini noma ukunciphisa kubo. Njengoba isibonelo, iziyaluyalu kokudonseka eziba khona phakathi nenkathi ukusebenza isikhathi eside kwe-computer. Lokhu kungase kwenziwe okukhethekile nokuhlola imisebenzi nenduduzo nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi kwabasebenzi ngabo.
intellective
Le ndawo ihlobene eduze ukucabanga izinqubo ezihlukahlukene. Yena uyazinaka izimfanelo zomuntu ezifana inkumbulo, bezibona, ukucabanga nezinye izinto motor impendulo. Futhi nenza izinqubo nokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kanye nezinye izakhi kohlelo nge esebenza kuwo. Kwenziwe esifundweni umsebenzi engqondo, kanjani izinqumo sezenziwe, imisebenzi ezidinga neziqu okusezingeni eliphezulu. Futhi kusebenze ukuthembeka womuntu, ukuxhumana yayo nge amasu ahlukene, futhi isinqumo isidingo sokuqeqesha kanye ukulungela ukumelana ukucindezeleka ukusebenza. Ukuhlaziya olukhethekile imisebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo ngeke kuthinte izinqubo third-party. Ngakho, ongqongqozayo odongeni cindezela asifanele ehhovisi kwesakhiwo ubunjiniyela, futhi kumelwe uqikelele ukuba izimo best. Yilokho Ergonomics practice. Kodwa akugcini lapho.
yenhlangano
Ngakho, siyaqhubeka ukuthola ukuthi kunani Ergonomics, nize eyesithathu, useqede, endaweni. Usebenta nokwenza kahle izinhlelo zenhlalakahle kanye lobuchwepheshe. Ergonomics yenhlangano usebenzela isakhiwo, izinqubo mgomo kanye nezinqubo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa umthelela lwabasebenzi, umsebenzi project, ukusebenzisana, zokuxhumana, umsebenzi kude futhi ethungatha izinga kanye ukwamukelwa of izinqumo ezifanele.
practice
Kuyini Ergonomics empeleni? Eqinisweni, lena kakhulu inqubo isikhathi ngoba sikhulumela hhayi kuphela ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwezindaba izinga, kodwa futhi sihambisane isingeniso ezenzekayo. Cabanga nje ukuthi kukhona ubuchwepheshe obusha ezokwenza ngcono kwezomnotho wamabhizinisi ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa. Ngoba wena, lokhu kucace, kodwa abaphathi, kusenzima kusadingekile ukuba kufakazelwe. Bala konke nge amafomula ebonisa izikimu, lapho, yini futhi kanjani ukubeka ubone ukuthi konke kwakwenziwa njengoba kufanele.