Nitrogen ukuminyana

Nitrogen - chemical elementi uhlelo gqwa, abaqokelwe lokho yisiKhulu izinhlamvu N nokuba nenombolo ye-sequence 7. Kukhona N2 molecule ehlanganisa athomu amabili. Lokhu chemical yigesi kungekho nto enemibala emihle, nengenaphunga futhi kunganambitheki njengoba kuba inert ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. I kwabantu ka-nitrogen ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile (at 0 ° C ukucindezela 101,3 KPA) uyalingana 1.251 g / dm3. I element liyingxenye womhlaba ku-inani 78,09% we umthamo yayo. Waqale wathola njengoba ingxenye emoyeni udokotela Scottish Daniel uRutherford ngo-1772.

liquid nitrogen uketshezi cryogenic. Ngezinye umfutho womoya ke amathumba at - 195,8 ° C. Ngakho-ke, ingagcinwa kuphela ezitsheni elingalodwa, okuyizinto amathangi ensimbi for amagesi liquified noma Dewar flasks. Kuphela kulesi simo-ke zingagcinwa noma zithutha ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa ngenxa ukuhwamuka. Njengoba iqhwa (uketshezi carbon dioxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-carbon dioxide), liquid nitrogen isetshenziswa njengoba refrigerant. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziselwa cryopreservation wegazi, amaseli enzalo (sperm amaqanda) kanye nezinye amasampula yemvelo kanye materials. Wafuna, futhi umkhuba emtholampilo, isibonelo e cryotherapy ekususeni izinhlumba kanye warts esikhumbeni. liquid nitrogen ukuminyana kulingana 0,808 g / cm3.

Abaningi compounds ngokuphakeme ezimbonini ezibalulekile ezifana nitric acid, i-ammonia, ama-nitrate nama-organic (iziqhumane, zokubasa) kanye cyanides zimumethe N2. izibopho kakhulu eqinile nitrogen zokucathula e-molecule ukubangela izinkinga ngokubamba iqhaza yayo zamakhemikhali, kungenxa inertia yayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (lokushisa nokucindezelwa). Kubandakanya yalezi zizathu-N2 kubaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi nezezimboni. Ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile ukuba sihlale ingcindezi situ e isizinda uwoyela noma igesi. Noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza salo esisebenzayo noma sesayensi kudinga ukuba nazi ukuthi liyini ukuminyana nitrogen ngesikhathi ingcindezi ethile futhi lokushisa. Kusukela imithetho physics kanye wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto kuyaziwa ukuthi ngevolumu njalo ukwanda lokushisa kuzokhulisa ingcindezi kanye kwabantu igesi, kanye okuphambene nalokho.

Lapho futhi kungani sidinga ukwazi ukuminyana nitrogen? Ukubalwa lokhu ipharamitha isetshenziswa lapho ukuklama izinqubo ezenzeka besebenzisa i-N2, e-laboratory kanye ekukhiqizeni izinto. Ukusebenzisa elaziwayo we kwabantu igesi, kungenzeka ukubala nenqwaba umqulu othile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi uthatha ivolumu igesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile of 20 dm3 yaziwa. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukubala isisindo: m = 20 • 1,251 = 25,02 g Uma izimo ngaphandle ejwayelekile, futhi umthamo eyaziwa N2 ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kufanele kuqala ukuthola (i lwemibhalo), kwabantu nitrogen ngesikhathi ingcindezi kuchazwa futhi izinga lokushisa, futhi lesi silinganiso ke iphindwe ivolumu elalihlala igesi.

izibalo ezinjengalezi abazenzi lapho kuvezwa ekulungiseleleni ezilinganisweni impahla yenqubo amayunithi. Ziyakwazi ezidingekile ngokuziphatha izinqubo zobuchwepheshe, ukukhethwa Instrumentation, ukubala nemingcele lobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho, nokuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokumisa zonke chemical ukukhiqizwa apharathasi begodu amapayipi kufanele ngaphambi kokuvula kanye ukuphela lilungiswe kwemijondolo igesi inert - nitrogen (kuba eshibhe futhi iyatholakala kakhulu ukwedlula, isibonelo, helium noma argon). Ngokuvamile, basuke kushaywa eliningi kangangokuthi N2, okuyinto izikhathi eziningana ngevolumu izimoto noma amapayipi, indlela kuphela ukuze ususe kusukela ohlelweni yamagesi oluvuthayo kanye evala nekugwema ukuqhuma noma umlilo. Ukuhlela ukusebenza kokuma phambi ukulungisa, uchwepheshe, ngokwazi ivolumu kanye kwabantu ohlelweni uthululwa nitrogen, N2 sinquma mass, esidingeka ohlabayo.

Ukuze lula izibalo, okuyinto asidingi ngokunemba, amagesi yangempela kufanisa i igesi ekahle futhi asebenzise umthetho Avogadro sika. Njengoba isisindo 1 Mol N2 anda elilingana 28 amagremu, futhi 1 imvukuzane kwanoma iyiphi ivolumu igesi ekahle ithatha 22.4 amalitha, kwabantu nitrogen uyalingana 28 / 22.4 = 1.25 amagremu / ilitha = 1.25 g / dm3. Le ndlela isebenza ngokushesha ukuthola ukuminyana egesi ngamunye, hhayi kuphela N2. Livame ukusetshenziswa laboratories kohlaziyo.