Isikhathi Ordovician we Paleozoic Era: yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Ordovician (uhlelo) - ungqimba yesibili ka inhlabathi leqembu Paleozoic emlandweni we komhlaba planethi. Igama lisuselwa isizwe asendulo Ordovician. Babehlala Wales, e-UK. Nkathi njengenkondlo ebonisa uhlelo ezizimele. It likhona iminyaka kwezigidi ezinhlanu eyikhulu edlule futhi yathatha iminyaka engu kwezigidi ezingu ayisithupha. Isikhathi esabelwe iningi iziqhingi lanamuhla futhi kuwo wonke amazwekazi.

Geology Ordovician System

Ekuqaleni kwenkathi amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika bebelokhu eduze eYurophu nase-Afrika. Australia, wayelama ne Afrika futhi yayiyingxenye Asia. Omunye zezingongolo kuyinto engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Afrika, enye - engxenyeni esenyakatho the Pacific Ocean. Ekuqaleni le Ordovician kakhulu eningizimu Umhlaba matasa nezwekazi Gondwana. Yayihlanganisa zamanje i-Ningizimu Melika, eseNingizimu Atlantic Ocean, e-Australia, e-Afrika, North-Asia nase-Indian Ocean. Kancane kancane, aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika (Lawrence) babé ehlukile komunye nomunye. ezingeni Sea liyakhuphuka. Iningi izwe ku Ezindaweni efudumele. Ngo Gondwana abangu yezimayini, futhi kamuva zamaqhwa ezwekazini. ENingizimu Melika futhi enyakatho ntshonalanga Afrika bahlala inhlabathi phansi moraines, yashiya inkathi Paleozoic.

Ordovician e eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya, e eningizimu yeFrance, Spain libhekene Uqweqwe. Ngo-Brazil ne-West Sahara iminonjana ice futhi wathola. Ukwanda kwezindawo ulwandle zenzeka Ordovician phakathi. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi esentshonalanga amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, iGreat Britain, e ibhande Ural-Mongolian, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia, iminonjana Ordovician inhlabathi ukufinyelela ukuba amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Kulezi zindawo, kwakukhona okuningi kwezintaba-mlilo lava zanqwabelana kwezakhi. Thola futhi chert: ijaspi, ftanidy. ERussia kwesikhathi Ordovician sibonwa-East European, platform laseSiberia, esifundeni esise-Ural, Novaya Zemlya, phezu okusha laseSiberia Islands, eNhlonhlweni Taimyr e eKazakhstan nase-Asia Ephakathi.

isimo sezulu System Ordovician

Ngo sezulu Ordovician lahlukaniswa laba izinhlobo ezine: ezishisayo, athokomele, nakwezifudumele, nival. Esikhathini Ordovician Late ukuthi ukupholisa. Ezindaweni ezishisayo izinga lokushisa lehla ngo-degree amahlanu, ezifundeni nakwezifudumele - nanhlanu. Kakhulu kubanda zindawo eliphezulu kakhulu. Ziyamazi Ordovician kwakukhona sezulu siqala ukufudumala, kuqhathaniswa ne inkathi edlule. Lokhu kufakazela ukusatshalaliswa namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe.

Minerals Kuhlelo Ordovician

Phakathi amaminerali obakheka ngale nkathi, walulama uwoyela negesi. Ikakhulukazi eziningi ezifakwa kwalesi sikhathi eNyakatho Melika. Futhi waqokomisa idiphozi lamafutha oluthambile, phosphorite. Lezi ezifakwa zichazwe ngezinqubo Geological lapho magma okwakuhilelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, e Kazakhstan ezifakwa manganese insimbi barytes.

Sea e-Ordovician

Ziyamazi Ordovician kukhona ukunwetshwa izikhala zasolwandle. Ulwandle luqala ukujula kakhulu kuba aphansi. Lezi zinguquko kwasithinta kakhulu ekuqongeleleni ungqimba enkulu inzika, okuyinto amelwa black kodaka. Siqukethe umlotha kuqhume intabamlilo, clastic amatshe nesihlabathi. yolwandle engajulile atholiwe endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Nyakatfo Melika naseYurophu.

Izimila nezilwane we Ordovician

Ulwelwe esikhathini Ordovician akukashintshi lapho kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esedlule. Kubonakala izitshalo sokuqala ngqa emhlabeni. Basuke ikakhulukazi emelelwa wona.

Ukuphila amanzi kule nkathi ngempela ahlukahlukene. Yingakho-ke kubhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni Earth. Kwakheka izinhlobo ezinkulu zilwanyana zasolwandle. Kukhona inhlanzi yokuqala. Kuphela incane kakhulu, mayelana ezinhlanu ngamasentimitha. At sea izidalwa yaqala ukubonakala nesembozo kanzima. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi izinto eziphilayo laqala ukwenyuka ngenhla inhlabathi ngezansi sondle ngenhla olwandle. Bayanda kukhona izilwane abazondla emanzini asolwandle. Amanye amaqembu yezilwane ezinomgogodla ziye zashintsha, abanye abasanda kuqala ukuthuthukisa. Ekupheleni kwe-Ordovician avele eziphilayo yezilwane ezinomgogodla. Kusukela kolwandle echinoderm Bubbles wabonakala, ulwandle lily. Okwamanje, izinto eziphilayo ezifana ulwandle iminduze nolwandle izinkanyezi futhi akhona.

Ngenhla ulwandle iminduze sintanta umhlambi jellyfish - lena isithombe esihle ezikhathini zasendulo. Abanikazi nazo eseqala ukushona izimpilo zabo. Gastropods futhi elasmobranch emelelwa inqwaba zilwane. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa Ordovician cephalopods chetyrehzhabernyh kwenzeka - a abamele bakudala Nautiloidea. manje La magciwane siphila ekujuleni kwe-Indian Ocean. Sinks abamele lezi izidalwa eziphilayo lasendulo ayeqondile, njengoba kuqhathaniswa amagobolondo lwalugobile zezinto eziphilayo yesimanje nautilus. Lezi clams babe indlela yokuphila umhlaseli.

izilwane omusha kulo nkathi kwaba graptolites. Bona ukukhiqiza kabusha by luthela. Graptolites amakoloni wadala. Ngaphambili, bekhuluma ngayo le coelenterates, manje - ukuze krylozhabernym ezingenamgogodla. Ngalesi sikhathi, graptolites hhayi ukuphila, kodwa kukhona izihlobo zabo ezikude. Omunye wabo uhlala eNorth Sea - kuyinto Rhabdopleura normanni. Futhi, kukhona iqembu eziphilayo esisiza kwamakhorali ukwakha zamakhorali. Futhi uvele ngalesi sikhathi - ke bryozoans. Zikhona manje, njenge la magciwane kwi amahle lace sezihlahla. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kwenzeka aromorphoses Ordovician eziphilayo.

Izakhamuzi kwezilwandle

I sandstone e Colorado izingcezwana izinhlanzi jawless atholakele. Esusiwe nezinye izinsalela izidalwa yezilwane ezinomgogodla, efana ushaka. Fossils abonisa ukuthi Ordovician ezahlukene jawless ezilwaneni lanamuhla.

Izilwane yokuqala Sasinamazinyo - ke conodonts. Lezi zidalwa zifana induna. Imihlathi yazo bengafani imihlathi izidalwa eziphilayo. Ososayensi baye abalwa zinhlobo angamakhulu ayisithupha eziphilayo wahlala olwandle esikhathini ngenhla. I snap ebandayo kwaba ngesinye sezizathu i-nokuqothulwa kwezinto eziphilayo eziningi. yolwandle engajulile babé yasethafeni, izilwane elwandle kwafa. Umphumela efanayo waziqonda nezilwane kwalesi sikhathi.

Isizathu sokuba ukushabalala isilwane eziphilayo

Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi mass ukushabalala izidalwa:

1. Burst ye-gamma rays ngaphakathi zesimiso sonozungezilanga.
2. Ukuwa kwe-emizimbeni ezinkulu ezivela emkhathini. izingcezwana yabo noma emkhathini wathola kuze kube yilolu suku.
3. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi kumiswa entabeni izinhlelo. namadwala badlula umoya futhi enhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokho lezi zinqubo uphansi carbon, esithinta kwembulunga.
4. Ukuhambisa Gondwana kuya-South Pole kwaholela ekubeni snap ebandayo, bese engu ice, ukwehla kwe izinga lamanzi olwandle.
5. I saturation izilwandle izinsimbi emhlabeni. Ngatadisha plankton naleso sikhathi iqukethe amazinga aphakeme ezihlukahlukene izinsimbi. ubuthi Water iphutha izinsimbi.

Ngumuphi ngokubona kwakho kulaba izinguqulo kubonakale obuphathekayo, futhi kungani izilwane ezingasekho Ordovician, okwamanje akwaziwa.