Ukuma izinsimbi

Ukuncibilika metal - kuyinqubo ethize thermodynamic lapho metal crystal ngehele libhujiswa iguquka kusuka esigabeni okuqinile endaweni enamanzi.

metal ukuncibilika lokushisa - lokushisa evuthayo ingxenye sensimbi, okuyinto iqala lapho efika ushintsho isigaba (ukuncibilika). Inqubo ngokwaso crystallization futhi ukuhlanekezela bangahlukani ezixhunywe kulo. Ukuze ancibilike metal? kumele ukufuthelana usebenzisa sangaphandle ukushisa yomthombo kuya lokushisa ukuncibilika, bese uqhubeke ukuze awunikeze ukushisa ukuze unqobe amandla isigaba inguquko. Iqiniso ukuthi metal ukuncibilika lokushisa ngokwalo libonisa izinga lokushisa lapho impahla izoba isigaba yakhoibrium ekusebenzisaneni phakathi uketshezi kanye okuqinile. Ngalesi lokushisa, insimbi qwa khona kanyekanye kokubili okuqinile futhi esimweni liquid. Ukuze afeze le nqubo ukuncibilika kubalulekile overheat kwensimbi kancane sibe sikhulu kunesihlalo lokushisa yakhoibrium ukunikeza omuhle ezingaba thermodynamic. Nikeza uhlobo umfutho inqubo.

ukuncibilika metal lokushisa njalo kuphela izinto okumsulwa. Ukuba khona ukungcola ngeke bayeke ezingaba yakhoibrium kwelinye direction noma kwenye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukungcola lensimbi elinezinhlangothi izinhlobo ezihlukene crystal eheleni: kanye nokuxhumana amandla ama-athomu kuzo kuyoba ihlukile kuleyo kuleti letikhona materialah.V okumsulwa kuye ubukhulu bale lokushisa ukuncibilika metal fusible sehlukaniswe (kufika ku-600 ° C, ezifana gallium mercury), meltability naphakathi (600-1600 ° C, ithusi, aluminium) kanye ephezulu encibilika (> 1600 ° C, i-tungsten molybdenum).

Ezweni lanamuhla elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe of izinsimbi okumsulwa kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi linebanga elilinganiselwe izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Umkhakha has eside futhi uvalwe isebenzisa inhlanganisela ezahlukene izinsimbi - ingxubevange nezinhlobo izici okukhulu. Ukuma izinsimbi okuqondene Alloys ezahlukene uyophinde zehluke lokushisa ukuncibilika ingxubevange. lokuhlala ezahlukene izinto ezibangela oda ukuncibilika zabo noma crystallization. Nokho, kukhona lokuhlala yakhoibrium lapho izinsimbi okuqondene ingxubevange ancibilike noma aqinise ngesikhathi esifanayo, isb behave fana a impahla eyohlobo. Alloys maKristu abizwa eutectic.

Ukwazi izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika kubaluleke kakhulu lapho esebenza metal, lesi silinganiso kuyadingeka kokubili imingcele ukukhiqizwa kuhlaziywa Alloys nemikhiqizo metal ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa uma izinga lokushisa isigaba ukwedlulela impahla kuyiphi umkhiqizo senziwa, inquma zihibe ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Ukuze kube lula, kulezi ifinyeziwe olulodwa etafuleni. Ithebula ukuncibilika izinsimbi - zamagama yi kophenyo ngokomzimba ngezici ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Kukhona futhi kumathebula Alloys efanayo. I ukuma metal futhi kuxhomeke kakhulu ingcindezi, ngakho amathebula edatha olufanele ethile ingcindezi value (ngokuvamile isimo evamile lapho ingcindezi 101,325 KPA). Ayanda ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika ephakeme, futhi okuphambene nalokho.