Ezingeni trophic - elementi eziwukudla

Ukutadisha isakhiwo biotic kweMvelo ahlukahlukene, ososayensi baye baqaphela ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo ezitholakala kuzo zikleliswe e eziwukudla. Futhi kwalezi zibopho kulezi simiso semvelo usukela emuva kakhulu. Ngokusho kwakhe izidakamizwa ukuthi ungumthombo wamandla, kanye nezimpahla zokwakha lihamba lisuka umzimba eyodwa kuya kwenye. Leyo ngenye umzimba udla enye, futhi esikhundleni salokho ibusa lwesithathu. Nasi isibonelo esilula neketanga ezifana: utshani - inkomo - womuntu.

Futhi zonke lezi ngamaketanga kuyaqabukela behlukene - bona, bonke bandawonye eyodwa web ukudla. Ubudlelwano kule inethiwekhi ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezidla uhlaza badle izitshalo izinhlobo eziningana zazo. Kanye nezinto ezidla lezi futhi ngikhetha ngokweqile kakhulu ekukhetheni inyama ukudla kwazo. Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi webs ukudla eziningi futhi zahlukahlukene ngempela zonke - bangathumela afanelekele ku scheme olulodwa. Futhi leli qhinga libukeka kanje: eluhlaza - abathengi primary - abathengi yesibili - consuments ephakeme - Propagator. Futhi Propagator zihlale ekupheleni eziwukudla futhi abathengi kungenzeka eziningana. Zonke lezi Zibizwa amazinga trophic.

Okungukuthi, kusukela iphuzu zesayensi of umbono, ezingeni trophic - kuyiso sonke iqoqo eziphilayo ngizibona zibaluleke kangakanani ukudla iwebhu ibe yindawo ethile. Futhi-ecosystem evamile bangathembela akukho kuka 3-4 yalezi amazinga. Izinga lokuqala trophic - lena simila. Njengoba zonke ziqala eziwukudla. Eyesibili ezingeni trophic kuhlala phytophagous, okungukuthi herbivorous. It consuments oda kuqala udle flora kuphela.

Esesithathu ezingeni trophic kuhlala abathengi oda 2nd. Ziyakwazi izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuthi adle ezidla uhlaza kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka kube khona euryphages, okungukuthi omnivorous. Abakwazi ngokulinganayo kumele ixhaswe ngabakwa isitshalo, futhi ukudla isilwane. Lezi zihlanganisa izingulube, izimpungushe, kwamagundane, amaphela nezinye izinto ezifana nazo. Man Okokuthola futhi euryphages. kulelizinga nakho kungaba consuments nokuhleleka yesithathu - kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye abazondla kuphela carnivores.

Futhi zokugcina ezingeni trophic ngokuvamile elalihlala decomposers, ie eziphilayo heterotrophic. Ayayona, mineralizing futhi ekuqedeni simiso semvelo imfucuza. Ngemva "umsebenzi" yabo ukuthola compounds amaminerali elula. A decomposers babuye yizigaba ezimbili. Lokhu detritus - yezilwane ngqo ukusuthiswa izinsalela organic eziphilayo efile. Lezi zihlanganisa amanqe, amanqe, izimpungushe, izimpisi, nemisundu eminingi nezinye "scavengers".

Futhi ubheke decomposers futhi destructors. Ziyakwazi usefile ukubola "organic" izakhi wezinto ezingaphili. Ngamafuphi nje, bamsekela izinqubo yokubola futhi elibi. Lezi zihlanganisa amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta. Futhi zonke lezi amaketanga trophic ahlelwe ukuze abakhiqizi, abathengi kanye decomposers ngabo uxhumana eduze. Bahlala bebonakala ukuthi ubuqotho begodu nesakhiwo biocenosis, ngokuhlanganisa zezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya amandla notshwala. Lokhu kunomthelela ukulawulwa imvelo.

Imidwebo a trophic emvelweni isakhiwo uhlelo kungenziwa umelwe amandla mbhoshongo ageleza. ngezizathu zako ziyizindlela abakhiqizi noma 1st ezingeni trophic. Kodwa wonke amazinga okwalandela kukhona phansi futhi phezulu ocijile. Futhi kulezi amazinga ukugeleza amandla. Amandla ukuthi isuka iqophelo elilodwa, amandla okokufaka alandelayo. Futhi isizathu esiyinhloko isamba okunjalo elincane trophic amazinga e-ecosystem ngamunye ukuthi ingxenye enkulu amandla phakathi ukuhwebelana enjalo kulahleka. Kukhona umthetho 10%, futhi ngokusho kwaso kuphela ubungako bamandla ewusizo idluliswe ezingeni elilandelayo. Futhi ngo-10% - uyisihluthulelo esiphezulu. Kwezinye zemvelo, ukusebenza kahle enjalo ilingana ngephesenti elilodwa nje.