Ukubalwa umzimba ukushisa: isibonelo. Ukubalwa endaweni, amandla umzimba ukushisa

Ukubalwa umzimba ukushisa manje kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu. Noma iyiphi inhlangano ekhiqiza ayothengisa imishini enjalo ngokuvamile unikeza wonke umuntu isimiso sabo ukunxenxa. It ingalandwa mahhala kusukela website yenkampani noma ukuze akwazi ehhovisi lakho uchwepheshe zabo azofika ukuyifaka mahhala. Nokho, ngenxa izibalo ezinjengalezi lilungile, singathembela kuye nangokungabi uhlakaniphile uma umenzi ngokulwa ku ithenda nge izimbangi zayo? Ihlola wokubala electronic kudinga ulwazi noma okungenani ekuqondeni yezindlela zesimanje ekubalweni ukushisa. Ake sizame sokulungisa imininingwane.

Uyini umzimba ukushisa

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukubala umzimba ukushisa, masikhumbule, futhi hlobo luni thuluzi? Teplomassoobmennyh apharathasi (aka ukushisa, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukushisa exchange apharathasi noma TOA) - kudivayisi ukudluliselwa ukushisa komunye kokupholisayo kwenye. Ngo inqubo kokupholisayo lokushisa izinguquko futhi ushintshe ukuminyana zabo futhi, ngokufanelekile, mass indices izinto. Yingakho izinqubo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ukushisa nokudluliselwa mass.

izinhlobo ukudluliswa ukushisa

Manje asikhulume mayelana nezinhlobo ukudluliswa ukushisa - zintathu kuphela. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo - ukudluliswa ukushisa bemisebe. Njengoba isibonelo, singakhumbula le Sunbathingkuva ebhishi ngosuku zasehlobo ezifudumele. Futhi ngisho lezi kwabebhange ukushisa zingatholakala emakethe (tube emoyeni heater). Nokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu ekhaya bafudumale, amakamelo ku indlu sithenga uwoyela noma bafudumale electric. Lena isibonelo olunye uhlobo lokudluliselwa ukushisa - Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows. Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows kungokwemvelo, okungalindelekile (akhiphe futhi ebhokisini kufanele umzimba) noma nge drive mechanical (nge fan, isibonelo). Uhlobo yokugcina kuphumelela kangcono.

Nokho, indlela engcono kakhulu ukudlulisa ukushisa - iyona conductivity ezishisayo, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, conduction (conduction English -. "Conductivity"). Noma yimuphi unjiniyela ngubani ozohlala ubambe design ezishisayo we umzimba ukushisa, okokuqala ucabange indlela ukukhetha imishini esebenza kahle e ubuncane isikhala. Futhi ukufinyelela lokhu conduction. Isibonelo lena ephumelela kunazo usuku TOA - ipuleti ukushisa. Plate TOA nge ncazelo - a umzimba ukushisa ukuthi idlulisela ukushisa kusukela kokupholisayo komunye ngokusebenzisa ngodonga oluhlukanisa kubo. Umkhawulo endaweni kungenzeka ukuxhumana phakathi abanemimoya ezimbili kanye izinto kweqiniso ezikhethiwe, iphrofayli yabo amapuleti Ubukhulu ukujiya akhethiwe ukunciphisa hardware kuyilapho kulondolozwa izici yokuqala yobuchwepheshe edingekayo kule nqubo.

izinhlobo ukushisa

Ngaphambi afeze ukubala umzimba ukushisa zinqunywa uhlobo yayo. Zonke TOA zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: recuperative futhi okuzivuselela ukushisa. The main umehluko therebetween simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: ku TOA recuperative ukushisa exchange senzeka ngokusebenzisa ngodonga oluhlukanisa naphakathi ukushisa ezimbili, futhi nabo nomunye kwabezindaba ezimbili okuzivuselela, ngokuvamile ezidinga kuhlangana okwalandela nokuhlukaniswa e separators ekhethekile. Okuzivuselela ukushisa zihlukaniswe ukushisa kanye ukuxuba nge umlomo wombhobho (sigameko umile noma Intermediate). ukukhuluma Cishe, ibhakede lamanzi ashisayo, nibekezelela emakhazeni, noma ingilazi itiye hot, wafaka selehlile ku esiqandisini (ungalokothi ungakwenzi!) - lokhu isibonelo esinjalo kuhlangana TOA. A ethela itiye esosweni futhi lwaluyophola ke ngakho sithola isibonelo okuzivuselela ukushisa ne umlomo wombhobho (esosweni, kulesi sibonelo udlala umlomo wombhobho ingxenye), okuyinto eqala emoyeni ambient futhi kuthatha lokushisa yayo, bese ukhetha ingxenye nokuvutha batheleka ke itiye esishisayo afuna kokubili phambili imidiya ezishisayo yakhoibrium imodi. Yeke, njengombana sizama usuyitholile kakade ekusetshenzisweni ngaphezulu conductivity ezishisayo ukuze uthumele ukushisa komunye naphakathi komunye, Ngakho-ke, eziningi eziwusizo ngaphakathi ngokuya ukudluliswa ukushisa (futhi kabanzi) TOA namuhla - yebo, recuperative.

ukubala Thermal takhi

Noma yimuphi ekubalweni okuzivuselela ukushisa zingenziwa esekelwe imiphumela ezishisayo, izibalo wokubacindezela namandla. Ziyakwazi ayisisekelo, esisemqoka ukuklanywa imishini emisha futhi amasu asetshenziswa nokwenza isendlalelo sokubala amamodeli okwalandela yohlobo olufanayo amadivayisi umugqa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we ezishisayo TOA kubalwa ukucacisa okudingekayo ukushisa exchange surface area for operation esitebeleni of the umzimba ukushisa nokugcina imingcele edingekayo we esidayisa abezindaba. Kaningi izibalo ezifana onjiniyela banikwa amagugu ngokungadingekile nobukhulu izici imishini esizayo (impahla, ubukhulu amashubhu, amapuleti, Ubukhulu, ugongolo geometry, uhlobo Finning impahla et al.), Kodwa ngemva ukushisa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ezakhayo ukubala umzimba. Phela, uma isinyathelo unjiniyela kuqala kubhekwe kunesidingo surface area elinikeziwe ubukhulu ipayipi, isibonelo, 60 mm, futhi ubude umzimba ukushisa, ngenxa yalokho yaphendukela mayelana ayisithupha amamitha, ke kunengqondo ukuphetha inguqulelo multistage ukushisa noma tube besigaxa uhlobo, noma ukwandisa ububanzi we amashubhu.

ukubala wokubacindezela

izibalo umfutholuketshezi noma Hydro-mechanical sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza wenziwa ukuhlonza kanye nokwandisa wokubacindezela (sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza) ingcindezi ukulahleka in the umzimba ukushisa, kanye ukubala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi sizozinqoba. Ukubalwa iyiphi indlela, isiteshi noma ipayipi for ukudlula Ukushisa naphakathi silindelwe umsebenzi womuntu eyinhloko - ukufaka umfutho ukushisa exchange nqubo isayithi. Lokho, umuntu ophansi ngizodabula, kanti omunye uthole ukushisa kakhulu ngesikhathi isikhawu ubuncane busebenze. Lokhu ngokuvamile zisebenza ezengeziwe ukushisa exchange ebusweni ngesimo evele fin athuthukile (ngokuhlukana yomngcele laminar sublayer futhi kuthuthukise ukugeleza omawala). Kahle ukulinganisela maqondana e ukulahlekelwa wokubacindezela, ezindaweni yokushisa exchange ngaphezulu, le nobukhulu izici, futhi likhishwa ukushisa okukhipha kuwumphumela sesisonke ezishisayo, wokubacindezela futhi ezakhayo TOA ukubala.

kokuhlola ukubala

Ukuqinisekisa le umzimba ukushisa Kwenziwa esimweni lapho kubalulekile ukubeka inqolobane amandla nanoma yikuphi ukushisa exchange surface area. Ingaphezulu esiqiwini ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene futhi ezimweni ezahlukene, uma kunjalo kudingwa imigomo inkomba, uma umenzi enquma ukwenza wekhasi ezengeziwe ukuba ncamashi isiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu ukushisa bayokhululwa on umbuso, futhi ukunciphisa amaphutha izibalo. Kwezinye izimo, ukubhuka ayadingeka ukuqoqa kwesakhiwo Ubukhulu Imiphumela kwezinye (evaporators, economizers) ku ekubalweni umthamo we umzimba ukushisa is ngokukhethekile owethulwa wekhasi ebusweni phezu compressor uwoyela ukungcoliswa ekhona wesifunda ifriji. Yebo, futhi ompofu izinga amanzi kumele kunakwe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ekusebenzeni ukushisa, ikakhulukazi okushisa aphakeme, i-ukugqwala luhlala phezu apharathasi ukushisa exchange, ukunciphisa ukushisa sokudlulisa Coefficient, futhi nakanjani okuholela ukuncipha yisinanakazana ukushisa ukusuka. Ngakho-ke unjiniyela njengonekhono, ekubalweni ukushisa "amanzi amanzi", unaka ngokukhethekile kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe ezengeziwe ukushisa exchange ebusweni. Ihlola ukubala futhi bachitha ukuze ubone ukuthi imishini abakhethiwe sizosebenza nezinye, izindlela yesibili. Ngokwesibonelo, e central emoyeni isimo (air-supply ukufaka) heater Ukushisa lokuqala nelesibili elisetshenziswa nenkathi ebandayo, futhi kuvamile ukuba ehlobo lwaluyophola moya yokudla ngamanzi abandayo emoyeni ukushisa tube. Bayozwa kanjani ukusebenza futhi okuyokwenza nemingcele ukuhlola span ukubala.

ucwaningo izilinganiso

Ucwaningo TOA izibalo eyenziwa ngesisekelo imiphumela ukubala ezishisayo kanye yokuqinisekisa. Ziyakwazi kunesidingo, njengoba umthetho, ukwenza izichibiyelo zamuva isakhiwo zedivayisi yakhelwe. Futhi wenziwa ukuba silungise noma yikuphi zibalo abekwa e imodeli ukubala lwenteke TOA etholwe empirically (yedatha lokuhlola). Buciko ucwaningo kuhilela ekubalweni amashumi futhi ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu izibalo nepulani ekhethekile, bethuthuka futhi ukusebenza kule zithele ngokushiyana kuye imfundiso yokuziphendukela nezibalo Umklamo wocwaningo. Ngokwe Imiphumela yembula ithonya izimo ezahlukene kanye lucobo ku zemisebenzi TOA.

nezinye izibalo

Ukubala of the ukushisa endaweni, ungakhohlwa mayelana ukumelana izinto. Amandla izibalo TOA zihlanganisa ukuhlola iyunithi afakwa for voltage, okunamathiselwe torsional kuya esiphezulu izikhathi ovumelekile ukusebenza imininingwane futhi ISIZINDA ngekusasa we umzimba ukushisa. Nge Ubukhulu sakugcina umkhiqizo kufanele kube namandla, nisekeliwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ephephile ezihlukahlukene, ngisho izimo kucindezela kakhulu.

ukubala Dynamic wenziwa ukunquma izici ezihlukahlukene ukushisa kumazinga ukusebenza izindlela.

Izinhlobo ukushisa design

TOA Recuperative design ingahlukaniswa ibe inombolo ngokwanele enkulu amaqembu. Esaziwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi - a umzimba ipuleti ukushisa, emoyeni (Finned tube), igobolondo kanye tube ukushisa "ipayipi ipayipi", igobolondo bese ipuleti, nabanye. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kakhulu izinhlobo ezikhethekile futhi exotic, isib, Kuvunguza (cochlea-umzimba) noma bushelelezi, okuyinto ukusebenza nge uketshezi viscous noma non-Newton, nezinye izinhlobo eziningi.

Ukushisa "tube e tube"

Cabanga ukubala elula we ukushisa "tube e tube". Ikhipha lolu hlobo TOA is Ubuningi bamahora lula. Phakathi ziqalise elingaphakathi tube apharathasi, ngokuvamile ashisayo ukudluliswa ukushisa uketshezi ukunciphisa ukulahleka, futhi phakathi kwezindlu noma ku tube olungaphandle, Isibandisi ukupholisa run. Engineer Lwemisebenzi kulokhu kunciphisa ukuzimisela ubude ukushisa ngesisekelo ukushisa ibalwa exchange surface area kanye diameters kusengaphambili.

Kuwufanele unezela ukuthi wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto wethula Umqondo womkhosi ekahle ukushisa, okusho ukuthi elingapheli obuphelele iyunithi, lapho coolants ukusebenza counter, futhi phakathi senziwa ngokugcwele lokushisa umehluko. Umklamo "ipayipi ipayipi" abaseduze ihlangabezana nalezi zimfuneko. Futhi uma ugijima sokufudumeza ukudluliswa ukushisa uketshezi, kuyoba okuthiwa "esiphikisayo real" (njengoba kuqhathaniswa cross-njengoba plate TOA). Temperature ingcindezi kakhulu ngempumelelo kwabangela lapho inhlangano traffic. Nokho, wenza "ipayipi ipayipi" ekubalweni umzimba ukushisa kufanele ibe nengqondo futhi ngeke akukhohlwe mayelana Logistics ingxenye, kanye kalula ukufakwa. evrofury obuphelele - 13.5 m, futhi akubona bonke izindawo lobuchwepheshe ingashintshwa ukuze skid futhi ukufakwa imishini obuphelele ezinjalo.

Igobolondo kanye tube ukushisa

Ngakho-ke, ingxenye sibalo thuluzi ngokushelela agelezela ekubalweni igobolondo kanye tube ukushisa. Lokhu apharathasi, lapho lenqwaba tube uku Udaba olulodwa (bezinhlamvu), wageza ngu coolants ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi imishini uya khona. Ngo capacitors, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa e jacket refrigerant, namanzi - e ngamapayipi. Nale ndlela traffic ezindaweni lula futhi esebenza kahle ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-yunithi. Esikhathini evaporators, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-refrigerant amathumba ku amashubhu kanye ayagezwa ne liquid selehlile (amanzi, brines, glycols, njll). Ngakho-ke, ukubala-tube ukushisa kuyehla kube ukunciphisa ubukhulu imishini. Ukudlala ngemizwelo 'ububanzi we bezinhlamvu, ububanzi kanye nenani kanye nobude kwangaphakathi amapayipi apharathasi unjiniyela ingena ukubaluleka ebalisisiwe ukushisa exchange surface area.

air ukushisa

Omunye ezivamile kude ukushisa - a finned tube ukushisa. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi coil. Lapho nje kuphela kushintshwe ezisukela fancoils (kusukela English. Fan ikhoyili +, ngamanye amazwi, "fan" + "ikhoyili") ngamabhulogi yangaphakathi uhlukanise izinhlelo giant igesi flue recuperator (Ukukhetha kwezinga lokushisa okusuka ashisayo flue igesi futhi ukudluliswa ke Ukushisa) e boilers at CHP. Yingakho ukubala umzimba ikhoyili kuncike isicelo, lapho ukushisa ingena msebenzi. Industrial emoyeni Coolers (elandelwa) ukufakwa emakamelweni inyama ukushaqeka-eqandisiwe, e nokuqondisayo ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezinye izinto ukudla ifriji, zidinga izici ezithile ezihlelekile design yabo. Ibanga phakathi lamella (fin) kufanele lenziwe laba likhulu ukwandisa isikhathi operation okuqhubekayo phakathi eneqhwa imijikelezo. Vaporizers ngoba DCS (data centre), kunalokho, senza kwenzeke nokuba emfishane clamping mezhlamelnye ibanga esiphansi. ukushisa okunjalo kwabebhange akhona "zone oluhlanzekile ', sizungezwe isihlungi emihle (kufika ku HEPA grade) Nokho, lokhu ukubala Kwenziwa we ijabulise ukushisa ne Ukugcizelelwa kuncishiswa Ubukhulu jikelele.

ipuleti ukushisa

funa Okwamanje esiqinile ipuleti ukushisa. Ngokusho nomklamo walo ezakhayo, zingabantu gasketed ngokugcwele futhi ephuma kabili ashiselwe, futhi mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, ashiselwe futhi brazed okusheshayo indlela (ngaphandle solder). umklamo Thermal we umzimba ipuleti ukushisa ngokwanele nezimo futhi abangekho nzima unjiniyela. Uhlelo lokukhethwa Ungadlala hlobo amapuleti, iziteshi ezijulile obumba, uhlobo fin, steel ukujiya, izinto ezahlukene futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu - abaningi ngosayizi ojwayelekile onobuhle amadivayisi letingemasayizi lahlukene. ukushisa okunjalo umzimba ongaphakeme futhi ububanzi (i-Ukushisa umusi yamanzi) noma okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ayibanzi (ngokuhlukana ukushisa for air-conditioning izinhlelo). Avame ukusetshenziswa, futhi i-medium ehambisana inguquko isigaba, okungukuthi njengoba condensers, evaporators, umusi Coolers, predkondensatorov nokunye. D. Yenza design ezishisayo of ukushisa usebenze iphethini biphasic, kancane nzima ukudlula ukushisa we "ketshezi-liquid", kodwa unjiniyela abanolwazi le nkinga solvable futhi akunzima kakhulu. Ukuze iwenze ube lula lezi izibalo Abaklami ubunjiniyela zanamuhla zisebenzisa i-computer database, lapho ungathola ulwazi oluningi ezidingekayo, kuhlanganise umdwebo isigaba kwanoma iyiphi refrigerant kunoma iyiphi imodi streak, isibonelo, uhlelo CoolPack.

Ukubalwa Isibonelo umzimba

Injongo eyinhloko ukubala kuyinto ekubalweni ezidingekayo ukushisa exchange surface area. Ukushisa (ifriji) amandla ngokuvamile licaciswe ku okusetshenzelwa, kodwa isibonelo sethu sizobe abale futhi wakhe, ngoba, athi, isheke of izidingo esifakiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi futhi kwenzeka ukuthi idatha original kungenziwa ingene ngephutha. Munye walemisebenti we unjiniyela abanekhono - leli phutha ukuthola futhi silungise. Njengoba isibonelo, ukwenza ukubala ipuleti ukushisa we "uketshezi - uketshezi". Makube wesifunda wokucwenga (ingcindezi full) e isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuminyana kuleli imishini, ukwakhiwa namabhilidi ngokuvamile kakhulu esetshenziswa kulendlela. Kolunye uhlangothi kule mpi we umzimba ukushisa namanzi emnyango Tvh1 = 14 ᵒS uphinde uphume Tvyh1 = 9 ᵒS, kanye G1 ukugeleza rate = 14 500 kg / h, kanti ngakolunye - futhi amanzi, kodwa lapha nemingcele ezilandelayo: Tvh2 = 8 ᵒS, Tvyh2 ᵒS = 12, G2 = 18 125 kg / h.

amandla ezidingekayo (Q0) ukubala ezishisayo ibhalansi ifomula (bheka sibalo ngenhla, ifomula 7.1 ..), kuphi Cp - umthamo othize ezishisayo (ithebula value). Ukuze kube lula izibalo Lamagugu ukuthatha ukushisa umthamo EOT = 4,187 [kJ / kg * ᵒS]. Sibheka:

Q1 = 14 500 * (14 - 9) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [kJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - ohlangothini lokuqala futhi

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [kJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - ohlangothini yesibili.

Phawula ukuthi, ngokuvumelana ifomula (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iluphi uhlangothi sibalo kwenziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-main ukudluliswa ukushisa kwesibalo (7.2), sithola kudingekile surface area (7.2.1), lapho k - ukudluliswa ukushisa Coefficient (kuqagulwa elilingana 6350 [W / ^m2]), kanye ΔTsr.log. - kusho-lokushisa umehluko, ibalwa ngefomula (7.3):

? T sr.log. = (2 - 1) / ln (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0.6931 = 1.4428;

F kuyinto = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 m ^2.

Esimweni lapho Coefficient ukudluliswa ukushisa ayaziwa, ukubala kancane more xaka ipuleti ukushisa. Formula (7.4) zibhekwa inombolo Reynolds lapho ρ - ukuminyana [kg / ^M3], η - viscosity ashukumisayo, [N * s / m ^2], v - Isivinini medium e uvule imbobo [m / s], d cm - wettable wathwala ububanzi [m].

Kusukela etafuleni sifune inani elidingekayo Prandtl [IzA], futhi ifomula (7.5), sithola inombolo Nusselt, lapho u-n = 0.4 - izimo Ukushisa woketshezi, n = 0.3 - ukupholisa ezimweni ketshezi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le formula (7.6) ibalwa ukudluliswa ukushisa Coefficient kusukela kokupholisayo ukuze odongeni ngamunye, futhi ifomula (7.7) Kusolwa ukudluliswa ukushisa Coefficient, okuyinto ukufaka endaweni ifomula (7.2.1) ukubala ukushisa exchange surface area.

Ngo amafomula ngenhla, λ - ezishisayo conduction Coefficient, ϭ - ukushuba we isiteshi odongeni, α1 futhi α2 - ukudluliswa ukushisa okuza ngayinye odongeni ukudluliswa ukushisa.