Ukusungulwa kwe-ugesi: umlando, ukusetshenziswa, irisidi

Enye ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile kakhulu emlandweni wezwe kokusungulwa ugesi. Kwaba lokhu okutholakele kusiza kube yilolu suku ukuthuthukisa impucuko yethu. Ugesi - omunye kakhulu imvelo izinhlobo zamandla. Ubani ophethe ukutholakala zalesi simo? is kukagesi okukhiqizwa kanjani futhi wasebenzisa? Kungenzeka yini ukuba ngokuzimela ukwakha yeseli kukagesi?

Umlando kokusungulwa ugesi kancane

Ugesi kwatholakala ekhulwini 7th sefilosofi BC ngesiGreki Thales. Wabathola wagcoba amber noboya bakwazi ukuheha izinto ezincane mass.

Nokho, emikhulu ucwaningo nge ugesi oqala Renaissance eYurophu. Ngo-1650 umphathi-dolobha laseMagdeburg von Guericke isitshalo electrostatic kwakhiwa. Ngo 1729 Stephen Gray khona ukuhlolwa ukudluliselwa kukagesi kude. Ngo 1747 uBenjamin Franklin wayengowokuqala eshicilelwe indzaba lapho wonke amaqiniso aziwayo mayelana ugesi futhi abeke phambili umbono omusha sebuqoqiwe. I 1785th kwatholakala umthetho Coulomb sika.

1800 waba unyaka wenguquko: Italian invents ngowokuqala Volt DC amandla umthombo. Ngo-1820 m usosayensi Danish Oersted itholiwe kagesi nokuxhumana izinto. Ngemva konyaka, Ampere bathola ukuthi amandla kazibuthe is eyenziwe kagesi, kodwa hhayi static.

ososayensi ezinjalo ezinhle ezifana Gauss, Joule, Lenz, Ohm wenza banikela ngendlela ebalulekile kokusungulwa ugesi. Unyaka we 1830th futhi ibaluleke, ngoba Gauss theory yasungulwa ngu inkambu electrostatic. Lo mkhuba lokungeniswa kagesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa injini ezisebenza endaweni wamanje kungokwalabo UMichael Faraday.

Ekupheleni kwe-19 ucwaningo ekhulwini ngogesi zenziwa ososayensi abaningi, kuhlanganise Per Kyuri, Lachinov, Hertz, Thomson, uRutherford. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba khona imfundiso yokuziphendukela quantum electrodynamics.

Ugesi ngokwemvelo

Ukutholakala kukagesi kanye kokusungulwa kwaba isikhathi eside. Nokho, ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngokwemvelo ingekho. Kodwa American Franklin wathola ukuthi lo mkhuba umbani, kwenzelwe nje kagesi endalweni. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, umbono wakhe sinqatshiwe wezesayensi.

Ugesi kubaluleke kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa umbani osenyameni ophawulekayo zamagama amino acid, okuholela ekuphileni Umhlaba eqale. Ngaphandle amaza ezinzwa umzimba ayikwazi ukusebenza noma yisiphi isilwane. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezisebenzisa ugesi njengendlela yokuthola wezokuvikela, ukuhlaselwa, ukuzikhethela lubandlululo kanye zifuna ukudla.

Ukuthola ugesi

Ukusungulwa kwe-ugesi ukuthonywa inqubekela-phambili yesayensi. Ukuze ugesi elakhiwe bekulokhu sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka lesi simila. Ugesi is eyenziwe generator amandla, bese-ke idluliselwa phezu nezintambo zikagesi. Isimiso kokudaliweyo wamanje iwukuba ukuhumusha amandla mechanical ibe amandla kagesi. izitshalo Amandla zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• amandla enuzi;
• umoya;
• Hydropower;
• kakhulu olwandle;
• solar;
• ukushisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi

Ukusungulwa kwe-ugesi kubhekwa njengento into enkulu kunazo zonke, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo akunakwenzeka zokuphila kwanamuhla. Itholakala cishe kuyo yonke imizi futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ulwazi lokushintshisana, ukupheka, Ukushisa, ukusebenza zikagesi. Futhi, ngamandla kagesi ezidingekile ukuhamba trams, trolley amabhasi, ongaphansi komhlaba, izitimela. ikhompyutha Umsebenzi, umakhalekhukhwini kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ugesi.

nakho ukwazi

It kuvela ukuthi iseli electrochemical zingenziwa ngokuzimela, futhi lokhu kwenziwa izinto kalula. Le ndlela wayaziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Okokuqala sidinga unciphe ngesigamu ngommese obukhali lemon ngokwanele phakathi. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuphazamisa noma ususe ukwahlukanisa phakathi izingxenye. Khona-ke kudingeka ukuba uxhume Lobe ngamunye ujike obuncane wire, ukulinganisa mayelana 2 ngamasentimitha. Amaseli kumelwe alternate zinc nethusi wire. imikhawulo Kulandelwe ophumile izintambo ngokulandelana ukuxhuma kwentambo zensimbi ubukhulu ezincane. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthola ibhethri. Kanjani ukuhlola uma usebenza? Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakwazi ukukala voltage nge voltmeter.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wabantu kokusungulwa ugesi. Ukuvula usuku hhayi ngokunembile ezaziwayo. Nokho, ucwaningo aseqalile ukuqhuba usosayensi ngesiGreki ngaphezulu lasendulo Thales. cwaningo ugesi Active kwaqala ngo Yempucuko. Ngaphandle-ke abakwazi ukusebenza eziphilayo olulodwa. Namuhla, ngaphandle lokhu okusunguliwe, thina cishe abakwazi ukucabanga ngokuphila kwami. Abantu osekuyisikhathi eside kusukela wafunda ukuthola, ukudlulisa bese usebenzisa ugesi.