Izinsimbi Amphoteric kanye nezici zabo

izinsimbi Amphoteric - kukhona izinto ezilula okuyinto e isakhiwo, zamakhemikhali Izakhiwo ezifana nalezo we metallic isici iqembu. Ngamandla abo, insimbi akukwazi izakhiwo amphoteric, ngokungafani kuya compounds zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, oxides futhi hydroxides ngezinto ezithile babe ezimbili imvelo chemical - ezimweni ezithile beziphatha njengoba acid kanye babe izakhiwo nezinye alkalis.

izinsimbi Basic amphoteric - kuyinto aluminium, zinc, i-chromium, nensimbi. Leli qembu izakhi zihlanganisa beryllium futhi Sesithombe.

Kuyini amphoteric?

Ngokokuqala ngqá, indawo yakhe wathola kudala. Futhi elithi "izakhi amphoteric" olwaqala ngo 1814 e isayensi by bamakhemikhali eyaziwa kahle thenar futhi L. J. Gay-Lussac. Ngalezo zinsuku, zamakhemikhali esetshenziswa ahlukaniswe abe amaqembu elalihlanganyela izakhiwo zabo eziyisisekelo phakathi ukuphendula.

Noma kunjalo, iqembu oxides lezisekelo ifa ikhono ezimbili. Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, izinto ezifana sokuziphatha njengomncane alikhali nezinye, kunalokho, wenze njengoba acid. Ukuthi igama elithi "amphoteric" nokunye kwaphakama. Ngenxa yalezi amakhemikhali ukuziphatha phakathi acid-base ukuphendula kuncike nemibandela ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sitatimende, ubunjalo reactants abathintekayo kanye izakhiwo uketshezi.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, vivo izinsimbi amphoteric ongahlanganyela kokubili alikhali futhi acid. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi yokusabela aluminium sulfate acid ekhiqizwa aluminium sulfate. Futhi ukusabela okufanayo metal alikhali usawoti eqinile eziyinkimbinkimbi Kumiswa.

lezisekelo Amphoteric kanye nezici zabo eziyisisekelo

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lokhu ukudla okuqinile. Bona cishe musa chaza emanzini futhi ezibhekwa electrolyte kunalokho ebuthakathaka.

Indlela eyisisekelo yokuthola elisekela ezinjalo - usawoti metal ukusabela nge inani elincane alikhali. Inzika ukuphendula kumele kwenziwe kancane ngokucophelela. Ngokwesibonelo, ekulungiseleleni zinc hydroxide e ngamapayipi uhlolo zinc chloride ungeze ngokucophelela dropwise sodium hydroxide. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kudingeka kancane nithintithe esitsheni ukubona ezimhlophe inzika metal ezansi izitsha.

Nge acid kanye acid oxides izinto amphoteric ndlela zibe sezenza lokhu isisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, kumiswa ukuphendula zinc hydroxide nge hydrochloric acid is zinc chloride.

Kodwa ngesikhathi ukusabela lezisekelo lezisekelo amphoteric sokuziphatha njengomncane acid.

Futhi, lapho Ukushisa eqinile hydroxides amphoteric kuthiwa ukubola esebumba elihambisana oxide namanzi amphoteric.

Okuvame kakhulu izinsimbi amphoteric: incazelo emfushane

Zinc libhekisela eqenjini izakhi amphoteric. Nakuba Alloys kwale nto iye kabanzi yamandulo, injalo emsulwa lingasuswa zavela 1746.

I metal okumsulwa ngokwanele ziyaqothuka impahla umbala bluish. Ngo umoya ngokushesha oxidized zinc - ecima ubuso bawo, embozwe ifilimu ezondile oxide.

Emvelweni, zinc ukhona ogxile ngesimo namaminerali - zincite, smithsonite, Calamita. Indaba ezaziwa - lokhu blende, esakhiwa zinc sulfide. Imali elikhulu le amaminerali atholakala Bolivia nase-Australia.

Aluminium namuhla ibhekwa njengempophoma kwensimbi luningi kakhulu kule planethi. Alloys zayo ziye zasetshenziswa eminyaka, futhi ngo-1825 ketshezi ahlukanisa ngefomu okumsulwa.

aluminium Pure kuyinto engasindi esiliva metal. Yena machined kalula futhi ekusakazeni. Lo msuka has high conductivity kagesi futhi ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu metal linamandla ukugqwala. Iqiniso lokuthi ubuso bayo embozwe nomzimba omncane kodwa ukumelana kakhulu oxide ifilimu.

Kuze kube manje, i-aluminium kabanzi umkhakha.