Nciphisa adonsela phansi. Neutron izinkanyezi. izimbobo omnyama

Emkhathini, ziningi izinto ezimangalisayo kuholele izinkanyezi ezintsha, unyamalale elidala futhi yakha izimbobo omnyama. Omunye imihlola omkhulu futhi ongaqondakali esivuna nciphisa okudonsa, okuyinto ucedzela ukuvela izinkanyezi.

kwemvelo Stellar - iguquka umjikelezo bahamba inkanyezi ngesikhathi khona (izigidi noma izinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka). Lapho i-hydrogen therein uphela bese ephenduka ibe-helium, kwakhiwa helium ne-nucleus is, kanye into isikhala iqala ukushintsha phakathi giant elibomvu - sekwephuzile-uhlobo izinkanyezi, okuyinto has a luminosity okusezingeni eliphezulu. Isisindo sawo lingadlula izikhathi 70 nenqwaba kwelanga. supergiants elikhanyayo kakhulu abizwa ngokuthi imidondoshiya Hyper. Ngaphezu ukukhanya okuphezulu, banalo esifushane khona.

Ingqikithi wokugoqa

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ubhekwa ukuphela iphuzu ukuvela izinkanyezi kabani isisindo uquqaba ezingaphezu kwezintathu welanga (Sun isisindo). Lokhu value isetshenziswa kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi yemvelo ukuze uthole isisindo nezinye izindikimba cosmic. Ukuwa kwenzeka endabeni lapho amandla adonsela phansi abangela ezinkulukazi emizimbeni cosmic uyaca ezinkulu ukuncibilika fast kakhulu.

Ngo izinkanyezi isisindo ukugudluka ezingaphezu kwezintathu solar abe nezinto ezibonakalayo ezanele ukuze olubanzi Fusion ukusabela. Lapho izidakamizwa uphela, uyama futhi ukusabela iArmagedoni, futhi izinkanyezi ayeka ukuba khona esitebeleni athutha. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi babengavumelani ngesivinini leSupersonic baqala shwabanisa libheke phakathi nendawo.

neutron izinkanyezi

Lapho izinkanyezi ziya onomfutho, kuholela ingcindezi zangaphakathi. Uma sikhula ngamandla ngokwanele ukuba ayeke ukusikwa okudonsa, kuba inkanyezi-neutron.

umzimba yangaphandle okunjalo likwazi isakhiwo esilula. It sakhiwa core ohlanganisa amagxolo, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, walibumba is of electron kanye nuclei athomu. Uhlonze lwalo cishe 1 km kanti kuqhathaniswa mncane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izidumbu, okwenzeka emkhathini.

Isisindo neutron izinkanyezi iyona isisindo Sun. Umehluko phakathi kwabo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi engaba encane yabo - akukho engaphezu kwengu-20 km. Ngaphakathi kuwo basabela nomunye nuclei athomu, kanjalo bamisa, ndaba zenuzi. Kwaba ingcindezi evela iqembu lakhe akukuniki inkanyezi neutron ekuhlehleni olwengeziwe. Lolu hlobo inkanyezi elinesimo ijubane eliphezulu kakhulu ukujikeleza. Bayakwazi ukwenza amakhulu linemibhikisho ngesekhondi eyodwa. It iqala inqubo lokuzalwa i-supernova, okuyinto eyenzeka ngesikhathi wokugoqa adonsela phansi inkanyezi.

supernovae

Supernova iyisici Star shintsho olwenzeka isigubhukane esasisikhulu. Ngokulandelayo, inkanyezi uqala kancane kancane ishabalale. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka esigabeni yokugcina nciphisa okudonsa izinto. Zonke nenhlekelele ephelezelwa semali amandla.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu Earth angabona lesi simo kuphela ngemva kokuba sekwenzekile. Ukukhanya ifinyelela iplanethi ngemva iphutha isikhathi eside ngemva kokugqashuka. Kwakuwusuku imbangela nobunzima ekutholeni uhlobo supernovae.

Ukubandisa ka-neutron izinkanyezi

Ngemva kokuvalwa kokucindezelwa okudonsa, lapho inkanyezi neutron kwakhiwa, izinga lokushisa yayo iphakeme kakhulu (kunalelo lokushisa Sun). Star epholisa ngokusebenzisa neutrino indlu.

Emizuzwini engemingaki, izinga lokushisa yabo angawa izikhathi 100 by. Kuyo yonke le minyaka ezayo engamakhulu - ngisho izikhathi 10. Ngemva Star luminosity incipha inqubo yayo Ukupholisa ngomoya ehlile kakhulu.

umkhawulo Oppenheimer-Volkoff

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi sibalo sikhombisa esiphezulu isisindo okungenzeka inkanyezi neutron lapho amandla adonsela phansi inxephezelwa neutron igesi. Akukona ukunikeza ithuba ukuqeda ukubukeka nciphisa adonsela phansi umgodi omnyama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo abazibiza ngokuthi umkhawulo-Oppenheimer Volkova is kokubili aphansi embundwini isisindo black izimbobo ukuthi imiswe phakathi kwemvelo lezinkanyezi.

Ngenxa eziningi ezinganembile kunzima ukunquma ukubaluleka ngqo sale ipharamitha. Nokho, kucatshangwa ukuthi kule ezahlukene kusukela 2.5 kuya ku-3 amalanga. Kuleli qophelo, ososayensi bathi olusindayo neutron inkanyezi iyona J0348 + 0432. isisindo salo uquqaba olukhulu kunalolu ezimbili welanga. Isisindo akhanya black hole is uquqaba solar 5-10. Akhona bathi lezi idatha isahlolwa futhi zisebenza kuphela-neutron izinkanyezi eyaziwa njengamanje futhi izimbobo black, bese uphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba khona omkhulu ngokwengeziwe.

izimbobo omnyama

I black hole - ke ingenye izenzakalo ezimangalisayo kakhulu ezenzeka emkhathini. Kuyinto esifundeni isikhala-isikhathi lapho Luhambo okudonsa ayikuvumeli yiziphi izinto ukuphuma kuso. Shiya ngeke ngisho emzimbeni, okuyinto Ungahambisa ngejubane lokukhanya (kuhlanganise izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya yokukhanya). Kuze 1967, izimbobo black, ngokuthi "izinkanyezi eqandisiwe," "collapsar" futhi "inkanyezi kubhidlika."

Ngo umgodi omnyama kuphambene. Ibizwa ngokuthi imbobo emhlophe. Njengoba sazi, kusukela ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu akunakwenzeka ukubaleka. Njengoba for the white ke abakwazi osendlini.

Ngaphandle wokugoqa okudonsa, abangele ukwakheka umgodi black kungase igoqe ngesikhathi enkabeni yalo mthala noma iso protogalactic. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi izimbobo black zibangelwa Big Bang, kanye iplanethi yethu. Ososayensi ukubabiza eyinhloko.

Emthaleni wethu, kukhona omunye ukhiye welayisensi yokufaka okuningi, okuyinto, ngokusho akhona, kwamiswa kusukela wokugoqa okudonsa lezinto supermassive. Ososayensi bathi lezi izimbobo yakha isethi core zemithala.

Izazi zezinkanyezi zase-United States lubonisa ukuthi ubukhulu izimbobo black big kungenzeka kakhulu phansi. ezizathwini zabo zisekelwe yokuthi ukufinyelela kwezinkanyezi ijubane ngazo ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa galaxy-M87 elise iminyaka ukukhanya kwezigidi ezingu-50 kusukela iplanethi yethu, isisindo ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu ngesikhathi enkabeni yalo mthala-M87 kumele kube uquqaba solar okungenani 6.5 bhiliyoni. Okwamanje, njengoba kucatshangwa ukuthi isisindo elikhulu elimnyama hole is uquqaba solar libe no 3 billion, okuyinto kancane izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka ezimbili.

Synthesis izimbobo omnyama

It is bebacabanga kutsi letintfo zingavela ngenxa ukusabela zenuzi. Ososayensi ngibanikile igama izipho black quantum. ubukhulu wabo okungenani 10 ^-18 m, isisindo kencanikhulu - 10 ^-5 idolobha

I elikhulu Hadron Collider yakhelwa synthesis izimbobo black encanyana. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi nayo kuyoba okungagcini nje synthesize black imbobo, kodwa futhi akwazi Big Bang, okwakuyoholela kabusha inqubo ukwakha sebuningini isikhala izinto, kuhlanganise neplanethi enguMhlaba. Nokho, ukuhlola yehlulekile, ngoba amandla akhe ukuze adale izimbobo black azanele.