Uwoyela ukucwiliswa: incazelo, ukusetshenziswa kanye impendulo

Babecwiliswa observation ezincane indlela kuhilela isingeniso zedivayisi phakathi lens futhi into ngaphansi cwaningo ketshezi ekhethekile. Linikeza isithuthukisi ukukhanya kanye ukunwetshwa kwemingcele zoom. Ngakho, into kungaba eduze kakhulu bese ihlolisisa imibhalo ezincane izakhi zawo, ngaphandle kokushintsha hardware. Ngakho, ukucwilisa uketshezi okuthiwa. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso compounds ingaba njengesihluthulelo wakhe. . Ethandwa kakhulu kubhekwa uwoyela ngokucwiliswa. Cabangela izici zayo ngokuningiliziwe.

Uhlolojikelele

Eyokuqala uwoyela ukucwiliswa microscopy kwaba yemisedari. Nokho, kwadingeka ethile eyodwa enkulu. Nezakhi zawo ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola imiphumela oyifunayo. liquid Outdoor waqala kancane kancane ukushwaqa (kufika ku solidification). Ngakho, ukushintsha futhi yezokubona Inkomba. . Ekhulwini lama-20 waqala ukuveza zokwenziwa uwoyela ngokucwiliswa. Kulesi ketshezi bekulokhu akukho ukuntula okungenhla.

uwoyela ukucwiliswa: Amazinga

Amapharamitha Key uketshezi asethwe e GOST 13739-78. обладает: Ngokwe-standard, uwoyela ukucwiliswa has:

• yezokubona Inkomba nd = 1.515 ± 0.001;
• transmittance ku uhla Spectral 500 kuya 700 nm at ukushuba ungqimba 1 mm - 95%, kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-480-nanometer angu - 92%;

, считается 20 градусов. Amazinga elikhulu lapho uwoyela ukucwiliswa, kubhekwe degrees 20 lingasetshenziswa. Kukhona futhi namazinga omhlaba. Ngokuhambisana ISO 8036/1, inkomba yezokubona ka 1.518 + 0.0005, transmittance at ungqimba 10 mm lebanga Spectral kusukela nanometer 500 kuya 760 - 95%, futhi ngezinye 400 nm - 60%.

. Wathi imingcele zivumelana non-Fluorescent uwoyela ngokucwiliswa. Ngo-ISO ejwayelekile 8036-1 / 2 uzimisele izinkomba uketshezi for luminescence. transmittance ku uhla Spectral 500 kuya 700 nm e ungqimba 10 mm 95%, kusuka 365 nanometer 400 - 60%.

Ubunzima Amapharamitha ukungafani

umehluko detectable in amazinga eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima kungaholela ukungakhuli lens ethize ngokusebenzisa ezinombono ohlukile ke uketshezi. Ngenxa yalokho:

1. Encishisiwe Ngokuphambene ngenxa okuvela wayephazamisekile eyindilinga.
2. Ezinemibala field into ngaphansi cwaningo.
3. I eyayikhanyisa indiza into futhi wafundelwa endaweni kumiswa isithombe yayo iba engalingani.
4. Isithombe bungacaci.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

nangezibonakhulu Optical une-mkhawulo we amandla ukuxazulula kancane izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-100. Kulelizinga, nesanda isivivinyo kuncike ukukhanyisa kufanele kube high. Kungenjalo, isithombe simnyama ukuze cabanga into akunakwenzeka. Iqiniso ukuthi kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona kanye ukuhlakazwa ukukhanya kwenzeka phakathi ikhava ingilazi kanye lens. uwoyela Babecwiliswa ikhuthaza enkulu bamba yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isithombe likhanya.

Izici yezokubona

Kanjani ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile? Ezindaweni ezahlukene kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ukukhanya kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-engeli of kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ray emoyeni kanye ingilazi zihlukile. Esikhathini sokuqala icala ingxenye 1.0, owesibili - 1.5. Lena inkinga enkulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kunganciphisa Inkomba yezokubona wale misebe ngaleyo ngokusebenzisa into ngaphansi cwaningo. Iqiniso lokuthi ketshezi has nemingcele efanayo ingilazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba medium eyohlobo phakathi slide kanye lens, futhi iningi ukukhanya edabula into engena kudivayisi. Ngakho uthole isithombe esicacile.

yezobuchwepheshe

Ngokuvamile, ama-lenses amagobolondo senzelwe ukucwiliswa samanje lokuqopha Amafutha. Isici esifanayo isetshenziswa uma kudingeka beso of 1.0 noma ngaphezulu. "Ukucwiliswa" lens okunjalo asetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa ngqo e liquid. Kule ndaba, ababekwa ngalo uphawu ngokugcwele. Lokhu kunikeza isivikelo phezulu bamelane uwoyela umonakalo lens.

ngezigaba

Ngo practice, viscosities ezimbili ezisetshenziswa amafutha: okusezingeni eliphezulu (hlobo B) futhi aphansi (A). Ngokuvamile ku iphakethe ungathola ulwazi Inkomba yezokubona. оэффициент преломления которого равен 1.515. Ngokwesibonelo, ukucwiliswa uwoyela ukukhululwa (100 ml), lapho Inkomba yezokubona kuyinto 1,515 oeffitsient. Liquid kokuba viscosity ongaphakeme, lisetshenzisiwe wezasemoyeni, futhi high - kanye condensers.

Imigomo yokusetshenziswa

Ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile into, udinga ukulandela imihlahlandlela kahle elula:

1. Thola ukufunda ahambisane nesifundvo ekhadinimbiko isinciphisi phakathi ensimini kusihlwa kokukhulisa ongaphakeme. Ngenxa yale njongo-lens kuyinto isilinganiso esincane.
2. Jikela ezikhanyisayo kudivayisi.
3. Faka izikhathi 100 lens ku isikhundla.
4. Beka iconsi amagcobo phezu kwesihloko ingilazi slide, kwesibili - kwi lens.
5. Lungisa zokusebenza ibanga focus elimnandi kwaze kwaba isithombe esicacile into.

Emsebenzini kubalulekile ukuba aqaphele. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela emoyeni angangeni phakathi ikhava ingilazi kanye lens.

Amafutha ukucwiliswa "MiniMed"

Uketshezi isetshenziswa uma usebenza abanamalensi achromatic futhi apochromatic nhlobo imishini, ngaphezu Fluorescent. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, sebenzisa la mafutha ukucwiliswa, it has eziningi izakhiwo ewusizo. Liquid ngcono ukubonakala into, kunciphisa ukukhanya, ukulahlekelwa ukukhanya aberrations optical. Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kakhulu wenabisa ububanzi ongakhetha imishini.

imishini Ukuhlanza

Ngemva kokusebenza ngamafutha ukucwiliswa makufakwe ukuze idivayisi. Yokuhlanza lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako phambi ezomile lens. uhlanze iphepha lens isetshenziselwa ukususwa izinsalela uwoyela. amahlamvu asongwe zihlanjululwa, zonke ebusweni ingilazi. Lens iphepha ukumanzisa isixazululo ekhethekile futhi ususe amafutha ayesele.

Imininingwane zomlando

Usosayensi wokuqala ukuchaza indlela leli ukucwiliswa, kwaba Robert Guk. Ngo 1678 wakhipha umqulu incwadi yakhe Microscopium, lapho zonke izincazelo uphiwe. Ngo 1812, ukucwilisa siphakamisiwe njengendlela yokuthola kokulungisa lens wayephazamisekile. Umbhali umqondo NguDavide Byuster. Cishe ngo-1840 kwathiwa ekhiqizwa umbhapathizo lens kuqala. UMdali wawo wayenesandla DB Amici. Ekuqaleni, njengoba uketshezi ukucwiliswa, abacwaningi esetshenziswa uwoyela anise. Inkomba yezokubona kwakuthandeka ukuthi ngengilazi.