Van't Hoff isici

izixazululo Isotonic - eqenjini elithile izixazululo, izimpawu ingcindezi osmotic. Kuqakatheke ezinjalo, izimpawu uketshezi emzimbeni, njenge: i-plasma, izinyembezi, izindlala zamanzi, nokunye. Zonke ketshezi kukhona ingcindezi postoyannoem esifundeni 7.4 atm. Ngakho, uma zifakwa emzimbeni ukuba owethulwa, ingcindezi osmotic ketshezi ziyophulwa, njengoba ziyophulwa ukulinganisela okufanayo.

Ukuze silungiselele ikhambi elinjalo, kudingeka wenze ezinye izibalo. Indlela ethandwa iningi esithwele ayikona nje van't Hoff isici isotonic. Ngalo, umuntfu angakhona kubala isotonic isixazululo emakamu we ketshezi buhlanjululwe, okuyinto akulona electrolyte. Ingcindezi osmotic, inani isixazululo, futhi izinga lokushisa yayo kwencika kukhona ngokukhethekile lapho uzwakalise Clapeyron equation. Isetshenziselwa ngenhlonipho ukuba alulaze izixazululo, njengoba ngokomthetho ka van't Hoff, izinto ziyoncibilika ketshezi ngeke ukuziphatha ngendlela efanayo amagesi futhi ngoba kubo isicelo zonke lokho okubizwa ngokuthi mithetho igesi.

Van't Hoff isici - lena lutho, njengoba ipharamitha, okuyinto ephawula ukuziphatha ndaba kunoma iyiphi isixazululo. Ekhuluma okulingana kwamanani ka Van't Hoff isici ilingane ratio lenombolo ukubaluleka Collegiate izakhiwo emimoya ikhambi okufanayo impahla nonelectrolyte, futhi emakamu efanayo, ngenkathi zonke ezinye nemingcele zihlala zinjalo.

Okwakushiwo ngokomzimba of Coefficient isotonic kuyacaca kusukela definition ipharamitha ngamunye Collegiate. Bonke bangabangasokile sincike lokuhlushwa ketshezi isixazululo nezinhlayiya. Nonelectrolytes ngeke uzibandakanye ukusabela dissociation Nokho, ngamunye i-molecule elilodwa izidakamizwa kuyoba kuyizinhlayiyana ngayinye. Electrolyte, e inqubo solvation kukhona noma ngokuphelele iba yingxenye yomhlabathi ku-ion, kanjalo zakha izinhlayiya ezimbalwa. It kuvela ukuthi izakhiwo colligative kuzoncika inani izinhlayiya equkethwe izinhlobo therein ezahlukene, isb ion. Ngakho, Coefficient isotonic kuyoba inhlanganisela izixazululo ezahlukene uhlobo kuyizinhlayiyana ngayinye. Uma sicabangela isixazululo of bleach, kungabonwa ukuthi siqukethe izinhlobo ezintathu izinhlayiya: cations -calcium hypochlorite, kanye chloride - anions. Coefficient Isotonic sizobonisa ukuthi isixazululo electrolyte has izinhlayiya ezingaphezu kuka e isixazululo-non-electrolyte. Coefficient kuzoncika ekutheni into ihlukaniselwe ion - Kayisilutho ngaphandle impahla dissociation.

Njengoba electrolyte eqinile bavezwa ngokuphelele dissociation izinqubo, buyafaneleka ukulindela ukuthi isici Van't Hoff kulokhu ilingane enanini ion eziqukethwe engqamuzaneni. Nokho, empeleni, ukubaluleka Coefficient uhlale ngaphansi kwenani, ubalwa kusetshenziswa EQ. Lesi sikhundla lihlala 1923 by Debye futhi Hiickel. Bona washayelwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela electrolyte eqinile: athomu ngeke izithiyo ukuhambisa, njengoba uyomenzela solvation igobolondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baba namanje liyohlangana nomunye, okuholela ekugcineni ekwakhekeni iqembu elinjalo iyiswe kwesinye isiqondiso nge isixazululo. Lona okuthiwa ionic usoseshini ion ngazimbili. Zonke izinqubo zizokwenzeka ikhambi ngakho sengathi iqukethe izinhlayiya ezimbalwa.

Ukuxhumana ion iqala kunciphe njengoba lokushisa bayovuka kanye wehlise ingqondo. Zonke ngenxa yokuthi kulelo cala sinciphise amathuba lokuhlangana izinhlayiya ezahlukene isixazululo.