Kirov Sergey Mironovich: Biography, umndeni, amaqiniso kumnandi

Ngubani Kirov Sergey Mironovich? Biography of lo muntu egcwele izenzakalo ezinjalo, okuyinto ngokomlando kwenza kube nokwenzeka wambeka phezu indawo ekhethekile phakathi abaholi ubuholi beqembu nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngisho nalokhu kufa kwakhe kwaba ibhaxa kuqale izenzakalo sina ukuthi kwabulala angaphezu kweshumi nambili abantu abangenacala.

Kirov Sergey Mironovich: Biography of the wamavukelambuso abasha

S. M. Kirov wazalwa 27 ku Mashi 1886 e Urzhum (idolobha e esifundazweni Vyatka) emndenini abasebenzi elula. Umfana wayeneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuphela ubudala lapho wasala ngaphandle abazali: kushona umama, ubaba, waya emsebenzini, yanyamalala unomphela. Futhi uma odade wathatha Sergei ukuze ugogo wakhe, khona-ke kona endaweni yokukhosela izingane. By endleleni, kuyilapho igama umholi weqembu esizayo kwaba Kostrikov. Kirov, waba kamuva kakhulu. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Sergey Ros ingane smart futhi abazikhandlayo, cwaningo ngoba akwakhi izinkinga. Nge impumelelo iziqu ngo ekhaya sesifunda sakhe Urzhum kuqala, bese isikole edolobheni, umfana, wacela ngisho iseluleko bothishela babo, baya Kazan, lapho engena Mechanics kanye nokugcinwa promuchilische ngo-1904 wathola iziqu lolungenamaphutsa, ngokujoyina ababethweswa iziqu ezinhlanu engcono.

Ngawo lowo nyaka Kostrikov kuhanjiswe ku saseTomsk futhi uthola umsebenzi wokuba draftsman emkhandlwini edolobheni, ngokulinganisa iqeqeshwa at izifundo wokulungiselela Institute of Technology. Kodwa kuhlelwe lekusasa elinokuthula zigcwaliseka awuzange fated.

Sergey, eligcwele imibono wamavukelambuso namanje e Kazan, bathuthela saseTomsk, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka iba eliqavile RSDLP, iQembu mbumbulu Serge. Ngo-1905 waphinde waboshwa ngecala iqhaza abenza imiboniso, abalandisa kodwa ejele, akazange ahlale isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-inkomfa party elilandelayo, wakhethwa ukuba ikomidi saseTomsk RSDLP. Uba umhleli imiboniso emelene nohulumeni futhi imibuthano, ukwakha lokulwa squads. Ngenxa yalokho, uSergei Kostrikova waphinde waboshwa ngo-1906. Lesi sikhathi ukuthi ejele iminyaka eyisithupha.

Yena wahlulwa, kodwa akazange aphule

Ngo-June 1908 SM Kostrikov ededelwa ejele, okuyinto, njengoba kulindeleke, kwadingeka ngishintshe umbono wakhe ngale ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. Ngemva kokuphuma ejele, yena uya e-Irkutsk, lapho ngemva kokubuyiselwa inhlangano yangaphandle, cishe phansi ngokuphelele ngamaphoyisa, waphinda iqala bezikhandla ohlangothini wamavukelambuso kokubili emzini Novonikolaevsk (manje Novosibirsk). Ngo-May 1909, uSerge, badonswa, baphuma amaphoyisa ushushiso, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye eningizimu yezwe.

Sebenza North-Caucasus

EVladikavkaz yena ibambisene lendawo ubusosha iphephandaba "Terek", ukuthayipha izihloko ngokuhlangenwe nakho etholwe ngesikhathi emqansweni "Elbrus" futhi "Kazbek", shiya isibuyekezo we ukugijima yaseshashalazini yedolobha. Lapha watholana umkakhe esizayo yesibili Maria Lvovna civil Marcus.

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo 1911 Kostrikova waphinde waboshwa amaPhoyisa icala ubudala alethwe ngaphezulu saseTomsk. Wabekwa icala uhlela wokunyathelisa komhlaba, kodwa unecala wakhe awuzange efakazelwe. Kostrikov uyaqhubeka ukusebenza "Terek", kodwa waphinda hhayi ukuziqhakambisa yena ngokwakhe, kuthatha alias Kirov, okukholakala ukuthi aye amiswa igama inkosi yasePheresiya - uKoresi. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke biography Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha lutho ekhethekile singamelwe. Nakuba izihloko eyabhalwa kuye futhi ngokuvamile indawo zelizwe umbuso, athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ukuphikiswa ngokomqondo.

Party umsebenzi futhi kulwiwa

Kuze inguquko (1917), S. M. Kirov ikakhulukazi hhayi ukuzibonakalisa, futhi ngaleso sikhathi Icebo lika, wayengekho phakathi kwalabo iphazamiseke isimo kuleli zwe. Okulandelayo gxuma party biography Sergeya Mironovicha Kirova kuphela ngo-1919: wamiswa inhloko yalawa Revolutionary Committee Astrakhan. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuba ukunyukela ngempela okusheshayo isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi.

Uma ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe ngqo kwakusekelwe ngokuqinile ukuyiveza ukuvukela esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso e-Astrakhan, esingu ababekulo mngcwabo, bashonile kwathi Metropolitan Mitrofan Bishop Leonty, Kirov waba ilungu Revolutionary Military oPhethe Eleventh iRed Army. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1919 Sergey Myronovych nge Ordzhonikidze eholwa ukuqala amayunithi abo, eNorth ne-South eCaucasus: Mashi 30 sathathwa eVladikavkaz, futhi ngemva kwenyanga (1 Meyi) - Baku.

Ekupheleni kuka-May 1920 Kirov esimisiwe umeleli ogunyaziwe eGeorgia, lapho uhulumeni namanje ingeyamakhosi Mensheviks. Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba ngawo lowo nyaka Sergei Myronovych ephethwe ithimba Soviet uvakasha Riga wokungena isivumelwano sokuthula ne nabasePoland, bese ubuyela kuNkulunkulu North eCaucasus, lapho Caucasian ijoyina kwababusi RCP (b). Ngo-March 1921, uyisihambeli iCongress Weshumi we RCP (b), Kirov sivunyiwe ilungu elinye wekomidi emaphakathi iqembu.

Ngo-April 1921 Sergey Mironovich lengamele Congress of the Intaba ASSR (manje North Ossetia). Futhi ngo-July ngawo lowo nyaka wakhethwa uNobhala TSKKP Azerbaijan. Ngokushesha waba omunye wabasunguli be-SFSR Transcaucasian (December 1922). Ngo-April 1923, izihambeli of nambili iCongress of the RCP (b) iqhaza Kirov TSKRKP (b). Inhloko iCommunist Party of Azerbaijan S. M. Kirov kwaba enozwelo Stalin, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, eqinisweni, wahlala sibalo ingane sabaphathi party. Wayengahlezi njengesenzo upstart, akazange afune ukuba abanezikhundla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibe isipho sangempela lokukholisa, kakhulu acumen ibhizinisi, kodwa futhi babenedumela abaphathi kakhulu namadlelandawonye abaqotho.

Kirov eLeningrad

ngokushesha sengqondo esihle Stalin ukuba Kirov kuholele aphoyintimenti akhe njengenhloko inhlangano party eLeningrad. Injongo yayo oyinhloko kwakufanele zero umthelela kuyi-Leningrad amaKhomanisi owayeyinhloko party idolobha UGrigory Zinoviev - isitha lesifungweni sayo uStalin. Futhi Kirov kuphumelele, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emelene laye, wazama ukusebenzisa ngokubambisana neNhlangano iphephandaba ubusosha. Sergey Myronovych hhayi kuphela izuzwe eliphelele lokulawula party inhlangano lomuzi, kodwa futhi baba umnikazi we cishe Leningrad, ukulawula nanoma yini nje ngisho ukuxazulula izindlu lasezindlini nezindaba. Intuthuko ukuphathwa lomuzi ukuphela niyenzé sibalo ezinkulu zezombangazwe.

Nokho, kukhona iqiniso elithakazelisayo - Kirov Sergey Mironovich Nokho, futhi bafanelekele ezingeni eliphakeme amandla kuleli zwe, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba ebe ilungu Politburo TSKVKP (b) hhayi ukuyisebenzisa, futhi igxile ngokuphelele kuphela ezindabeni Leningrad. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kwasekuqaleni Kirov kwaba umsebenzi nje sokuzidela, kunokuba ekwakheni amathuba omsebenzi. Nokho, wamsekela ngokugcwele inqubomgomo bezingelwa Stalin, lelo qiniso impela ivumelane. Ukuze Iosifa Vissarionovicha, wayengumuntu omuhle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwesekwa okunokwethenjelwa ngaphandle "itshe esifubeni sakhe."

Kodwa umkhaya wakhe akusebenzanga

Uma umsebenzi womphakathi ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, ukuphila komuntu Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha akazange ziyaphuma. Ngo-1920, wahlangana nenkosikazi yakhe yokuqala (ayikho idatha kugcinwa kuso). Ngemva konyaka, babenesifiso ntombazanyana - Eugene. Kodwa kugadla inhlekelele - Kirov unkosikazi wagula kakhulu futhi washona ngemva nje.

Zibandakanye abaholi ingane party babengenaso isikhathi - umsebenzi ekuphileni kwakhe, wasesusa zonke sikhathi, futhi u-Eugene Sergeevne Kostrikova kwadingeka ukuphinda isiphetho ubaba wabantwana bakhe - ukuya boarding school. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva abazali bakhe banquma ukuxhumanisa ezimpilweni zabo nentombi ongumakad 'ebona - Maria Lvovna Marcus. Owesifazane ezinekhono zenqaba ingcaca ukuqala ukwamukela ingane yomunye umuntu. Ngakho, Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha umkhaya wokuqala zigoqiwe ngokuphelele, namabanga ucingo lwesibili kwakunzima kakhulu, ngoba kwakungekho kuphela Largus Kirov senkosikazi nezingane wayengezwanga sebebelethile.

By the way, Evgeniya Sergeevna Kostrikova yindodakazi uyakufanelekela kayise - Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela biography wakhe kuyinto ubufakazi obucacile bokuba iqiniso. Phakathi nempi, eJalimane lobuNazi, kwaba wake kuphela umlawuli zesifazane, inkampani ithangi ubugcwele e umyalo othile.

Wabulawa Kirov Sergey Mironovich?

Kukholakala ukuthi abesifazane babe buthaka Kirov. Kwakukhona amahemuhemu mayelana zothando yakhe abaningi nge abadlali abadumile naseLeningrad Bolshoi. Nokho, ulwazi ukuqinisekisa lokhu, akatholakalanga. Yebo, futhi kungenzeka asizalwanga ngokuphinga Kirov Sergei Mironavich ngokwayo nayo akakaze athi okungenani ubufakazi bokuthi kukhona. Nokho, omunye okufushane uxhuma ukufa kwakhe kwakukude ukuthandana. Ngokusho lokhu ukucabangela, e Kirov mina wake wathandana kudlula ngokushesha nangesikhutha Draule - isisebenzi lekomiti yesifunda. Umyeni wakhe, leonid Nikolaev osezwile ngalokho, wanquma ukuba zijezise abaphikisi, kwashona ubasi.

Kukhona enye inguqulo, lapho Nicholas ungumuntu izifiso ongenakulinganisela futhi nehaba, ngakho wanquma ukuba ezidumile yehle emlandweni, njengoba kwenza ababulali u-Alexander II. Zithanda noma zingathandi - Angazi, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi yena ngokwakhe wayala nokuba kubulawe esivelele party onethonya - iqiniso obungenakuphikwa. Nakuba izikhungo zomphakathi kwadingeka Ukuvikelwa sina, ngakho kwakulula Nikolayev, bebehlome ngezibhamu, ukuze uthole Smolny, lapho ke elise iKomiti Party City. Kirov lahlanganyela kuleli hholo isigodlo kanye uya emva kwakhe, Nikolaev wamdubula ekhanda, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wazama ukuzibulala, kodwa ayikwazanga, yokufikelwa.

kokubulawa Kirov sika njengoba ibhaxa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu

Ngemva ukuboshwa futhi ngemibuzo Nikolaev chungechunge, kwaba sobala ukuthi abaphenyi ukuthi umbulali isinyathelo wedwa, futhi sisuke singekho isisusa esiqondakalayo zezombusazwe kuleli cala kanti akunjalo. Kodwa Stalin bengalamukeli lowo mphumela, "abantu bakhe" - sezombusazwe esiphakeme, akuzange kudingeke ukuba ngife oyisiwula, ngakho-ke, ukufa kwakhe ingasetshenziswa ukuze inzuzo yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nje kufanele ithunyelwe njengoba umsebenzi imvelo kuphikiswa.

Ekugcineni, ngemva uchungechunge zezepolitiki abantu 17 esingu, 80 bayiswa ejele 30 - e isixhumanisi. Izinkulungwane zabantu athunyelwa esuka kude impela eLeningrad njengoba alithembekile. By the way, squad ngokudutshulwa akasenzanga Nikolaev, kodwa umkakhe (inkosikazi Kusolakala of Kirov) Milda Draule.

Tribute to Kirov

induna enkulu Zomlilo inguquko, kuyinto ngokuphelele nikela kuze Party kanye nezwe, hhayi kuphela wajabulela udumo okusezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kwabantu, wayemthanda ngempela futhi ohlonishwa eSoviet Union. Ukuze kuhlonishwe lomzi wakhe Vyatka saqanjwa Kirov (1934), kanye Sergeyu Mironovichu Kirovu izikhumbuzo ingatholakala izingxenye eziningi zezwe. Buried "Ubasi kweLeningrad" eduze ezibiyele udonga ku-Red Square e Moscow.